tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16027598435426971092024-03-13T23:17:52.493-07:00"ရြာတိုင္းအတြက္ကဗ်ာလက္ေဆာင္"က်န္းမာပါေစ
"ရြာတိုင္းအတြက္-ကဗ်ာလက္ေဆာင္"ကေန
ႏွစ္သစ္ရာကဗ်ာေလးေတြကို ရယူသြားနိုင္ပါတယ္။အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.comBlogger35125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-60953199526328175342020-07-31T07:36:00.001-07:002020-07-31T07:36:47.294-07:004.6. The Counting Method (part 3) ( ၄.၆ ေရတြက္နည္း - အပိုင္း ၃)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
order to know one’s own striving, the meditator should write down the times of
counting breath in the record book in every session.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေယာဂီသည္ မိမိ၏ ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္မႈကို
သိရွိႏိုင္ရန္အတြက္ တရားထိုင္ခ်ိန္တိုင္း ေရတြက္မႈအႀကိမ္ အေရအတြက္ကို မွတ္စုစာအုပ္တြင္
ေရးမွတ္ထားသင့္ေလသည္။ </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If he takes the meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>under the guidance of a teacher, daily report
of the total times of counting should be submitted to the teacher. In this way,
he should try to achieve the developing of counting of breaths day by day. Or
he should try not to reduce the total number of counting times from the latest
record. That is how the meditator should try to cultivate steadfast mindfulness
by way of counting method.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
According to Ven. Meay zin Tawra Saradaw, at the beginning, one should spend
eight hours at least to take this counting method per day. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အကယ္၍ ေယာဂီသည္ ဆရာ့ထံနည္းခံအားထုတ္ေနပါမူ ေန႔စဥ္ ေရတြက္ႀကိမ္
စုစုေပါင္းအေရအတြက္ အစီရင္ခံစာကို ဆရာ့ထံ တင္ျပသင့္ေလသည္။ ဤနည္းအားျဖင့္ သူသည္ တစ္ေန႔ထက္တစ္ေန႔
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလေရတြက္မႈ တိုးတက္မ်ားျပားလာေစရန္ ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္သင့္ေလသည္။ သို႔တည္းမဟုတ္
ေနာက္ဆံုးမွတ္တမ္းေအာက္ ေရတြက္ႀကိမ္စုစုေပါင္း ကိန္းဂဏန္း ေလ်ာ့နည္းမလာေစရန္ ႀကိဳးစားသင့္ေလသည္။
ဤသည္ကား ေယာဂီသည္ ေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ခိုင္ျမဲေသာသတိတရားကို ထူေထာင္ရန္ မည္သို႔မည္ပံု
ႀကိဳးစားသင့္ေၾကာင္းပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ေျမဇင္းေတာရဆရာေတာ္၏ အဆိုအရ ေယာဂီသည္ ကနဦးကာလ၌
ဤေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းကို အားထုတ္ဖို႔ တစ္ေန႔လွ်င္ အနည္းဆံုး ရွစ္နာရီခန္႔ အသံုးျပဳသင့္ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
the two kinds of counting; slow counting and quick counting, are explained. If
one wants to count the breaths slowly, he should do as a grain measurer does.
The grain measurer, having filled the basket, counts as one, and empties it.
Then, he recites as “one, one” till he refills it after removing any rubbish
that he may have noticed. In this way, he counts as “two, two”, and so on.
Likewise, a meditator should begin to count the in-breath or out-breath as
“one, one” and count up to “ten, ten”, noting each as it happens. Similarly,
one who wants to count one set of in-breath and out-breath as “one” or two sets
of in-breath and out-breath as “one” also can do so.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္း၌ ေျဖးေျဖးေရတြက္နည္းႏွင့္
ျမန္ျမန္ေရတြက္နည္း ဟူေသာ ေရတြက္နည္းႏွစ္မ်ိဳးကို ရွင္းျပထားေပသည္။ အကယ္၍ ေယာဂီသည္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို ေျဖးေျဖးေရတြက္လိုပါမူ စပါးျခင္သူ ျပဳမူသကဲ့သို႔ အားထုတ္သင့္ေပသည္။
စပါးျခင္သူသည္ ေတာင္းကိုျပည့္ေစၿပီး တစ္ဟု ေရတြက္ၿပီးလွ်င္ သြန္ခ်လိုက္သည္။ ထို႔ေနာက္
သူသတိထားမိသမွ် အမိႈက္သရိုက္မ်ားကို ဖယ္ရွားၿပီး ေနာက္တစ္ေတာင္း ျပန္ျပည့္သည္အထိ “တစ္
… တစ္ …” ဟုပင္ ေရတြက္သည္။ ဤနည္းအားျဖင့္ သူသည္ “ႏွစ္ …၊ ႏွစ္ …” စသည္ျဖင့္ ေရတြက္သည္။
ထိုနည္းအတူ ေယာဂီသည္ ဝင္ေလ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ထြက္ေလကို ေရတြက္ရန္ “တစ္ …၊ တစ္ …” ဟု စတင္သင့္ၿပီး
ထို (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ) ျဖစ္ေပၚမႈ တစ္ခုစီကို မွတ္သားၿပီးလွ်င္ “တစ္ဆယ္ …၊ တစ္ဆယ္ …” အထိ
ေရတြက္ရေလသည္။ ထိုနည္းအတူ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ တစ္စံုကို “တစ္” (သို႔မဟုတ္) ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ ႏွစ္စံုကို
“တစ္” ဟု ေရတြက္လိုသူသည္လည္း အလားတူ ေရတြက္ႏိုင္ေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For
one who wants to count the breath quickly after the breath becoming evident to
him can count it quickly as a cowherd does. A skilled cowherd takes pebbles in
his pocket, a whip in hand and goes to the cow pen in the morning. He, sitting
on the bar of the gate, prodding the cows in the back, counts the cows reached
the gate as “one, two” by dropping the pebbles for each. When the cows come out
quickly with group, he counts them as “three, four, five, ten.” </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Likewise, when the breath had already become
evident to the meditator, he can count each breath which reaches the nose-tip
along quickly as “One, two, three, four, five; one, two, three, four, five, six
… seven … eight … nine … ten”. For the meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject
which is connected with counting, the mind becomes tranquil by the support of
counting, just as a boat in a swift current is steadied with the support of a
rudder.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
The </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Visuddhimagga</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mentioned that the beginner should take this
counting method until mindfulness can stand on breaths without counting because
counting is just for removing thoughts and establishing mindfulness on breaths.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို ျမန္ျမန္ေရတြက္လိုသူသည္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ ထင္ရွားစြာျဖစ္လာၿပီးေနာက္ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသား ျပဳမူသကဲ့သို႔ ျမန္ျမန္ေရတြက္ႏိုင္ေပသည္။
ကၽြမ္းက်င္ေသာ ႏြားေက်ာင္းသားသည္ နံနက္ေစာေစာတြင္ ခဲလံုးေလးမ်ားကို အိတ္တြင္ထည့္၍ ၾကာပြတ္ကို
လက္စြဲလ်က္ ႏြားၿခံသို႔သြားေလသည္။ သူသည္ ႏြားေက်ာကုန္းကို ပုတ္ခတ္၍ တံခါးဝသို႔ေရာက္လာေသာႏြားမ်ားကို
စည္းရိုးတံခါးတိုင္တြင္ထိုင္၍ ႏြားတစ္ေကာင္စီကို ခဲလံုးမ်ားျဖင့္ပစ္ရင္း “တစ္၊ ႏွစ္”
ဟု ေရတြက္ေလသည္။ ႏြားမ်ားသည္ အုပ္စုလိုက္ လ်င္ျမန္စြာ ထြက္ၾကေသာအခါ ၎ႏြားမ်ားကို သူသည္
“သံုး၊ ေလး၊ ငါး၊ တစ္ဆယ္” ဟု ေရတြက္ေလသည္။ ထိုနည္းအတူ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ ထင္ရွားစြာျဖစ္လာၿပီးေနာက္
ေယာဂီသည္ ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ားသို႔ လ်င္ျမန္စြာေရာက္လာေသာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ တစ္ခုခ်င္းစီကို “တစ္၊
ႏွစ္၊ သံုး၊ ေလး၊ ငါး” ဟုလည္းေကာင္း၊ “တစ္၊ ႏွစ္၊ သံုး၊ ေလး၊ ငါး၊ ေျခာက္၊ ခုနစ္၊ ရွစ္၊
ကိုး၊ တစ္ဆယ္” ဟုလည္းေကာင္း ေရတြက္ႏိုင္ေပသည္။ ေရစီးသန္သန္၌ တက္မ (ထိုးဝါး) ၏ ေထာက္ပံ့မႈေၾကာင့္
တည္ၿငိမ္လာရေသာ ေလွကဲ့သို႔ ေရတြက္ျခင္းႏွင့္ဆက္စပ္ေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းတြင္ ေရတြက္ျခင္း၏ ေထာက္ပံ့မႈေၾကာင့္ပင္
စိတ္သည္ တည္ၿငိမ္လာရေပသည္။ (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအလုပ္ကို) စတင္အားထုတ္သူသည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို
ေရတြက္စရာမလိုဘဲ သတိၿမဲခိုင္ ရပ္တည္ႏိုင္သည့္တိုင္ေအာင္ ဤေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းကို အသံုးျပဳသင့္ေၾကာင္း၊
အဘယ့္ေၾကာင့္ဆိုေသာ္ ေရတြက္ျခင္းသည္ အေတြးမ်ားကို ဖယ္ရွားရန္ႏွင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလအေပၚ
သတိတရားတည္ေဆက္ရန္အတြက္ ျဖစ္၍ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္းက မိန္႔ဆိုထားေပသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Dr. Visarada (Rammavati) </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Myanmar Text","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Ven. Kelāsa, The
Practice of Tranquillity and Insight Meditation by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kannī</i> Method,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">
21.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 270: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dhaññamāpako hi nāḷiṃ pūretvā ‘‘eka’’nti
vatvā okirati. Puna pūrento kiñci kacavaraṃ disvā taṃ chaḍḍento ‘‘ekaṃ eka’’nti
vadati. Esa nayo dve dvetiādīsu. Evameva imināpi assāsapassāsesu yo upaṭṭhāti,
taṃ <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="M1.0271"></a>gahetvā ‘‘ekaṃ eka’’nti ādiṃ katvā yāva ‘‘dasa dasā’’ti
pavattamānaṃ pavattamānaṃ upalakkhetvāva gaṇetabbaṃ. Tassa evaṃ gaṇayato nikkhamantā
ca pavisantā ca assāsapassāsā pākaṭā honti.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid., 271: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cheko hi gopālako sakkharādayo ucchaṅgena gahetvā rajjudaṇḍahattho
pātova vajaṃ gantvā gāvo piṭṭhiyaṃ paharitvā palighatthambhamatthake nisinno
dvārappattaṃ dvārappattaṃyeva gāviṃ ekā dveti sakkharaṃ khipitvā gaṇeti.
Tiyāmarattiṃ sambādhe okāse dukkhaṃ vutthagogaṇo nikkhamanto nikkhamanto
aññamaññaṃ upanighaṃsanto vegena vegena puñjapuñjo hutvā nikkhamati. So vegena
vegena ‘‘tīṇi cattāri pañca dasā’’ti gaṇetiyeva, evamimassāpi purimanayena gaṇayato
assāsapassāsā pākaṭā hutvā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ punappunaṃ sañcaranti. Tatonena
‘‘punappunaṃ sañcarantī’’ti ñatvā anto ca bahi ca agahetvā dvārappattaṃ
dvārappattaṃyeva gahetvā ‘‘eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca cha. Eko dve tīṇi cattāri
pañca cha satta…pe… aṭṭha, nava, dasā’’ti sīghaṃ sīyaṃ gaṇetabbameva. Gaṇanapaṭibaddhe
hi kammaṭṭhāne gaṇanabaleneva cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, arittupatthambhanavasena caṇḍasote
nāvāṭṭhapanamiva.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="bodytext" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-SG;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid., I 271: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Kīvaciraṃ panetaṃ gaṇetabbanti? Yāva vinā gaṇanāya assāsapassāsārammaṇe
sati santiṭṭhati. Bahivisaṭavitakkavicchedaṃ katvā assāsapassāsārammaṇe
satisaṇṭhāpanatthaṃyeva hi gaṇanāti.</span></i></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="full post">
</span></div>
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-47935836179561885362020-07-28T08:32:00.000-07:002020-07-28T08:38:36.111-07:00 4.6. The Counting Method (part 2) ( ၄.၆ ေရတြက္နည္း - အပိုင္း ၂)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
develop breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by way of this counting method, the meditator
should sit; with legs folded crosswise, body erect and eyes close.</span></div>
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<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ဤေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
ပြားမ်ားရန္အတြက္ ေယာဂီသည္ တပၸလင္ေခြ၊ ကိုယ္ကိုေျဖာင့္ေျဖာင့္ထား၊ မ်က္လံုးကိုမွိတ္၍
ထိုင္သင့္ေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Then, he is
ready to start counting the breaths with mindfulness. The important thing is
that the mind should not follow the passage of in-breath and out-breath just as
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focus on nose-tip or upper lip where breaths touch and aware on in-breath and out-breath
by way of counting. </span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ထို႔ေနာက္တြင္ကား သူသည္ သတိျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ ေရတြက္မႈကို စတင္ရန္
အသင့္ျဖစ္ေလၿပီ။ အေရးႀကီးသည္မွာ စိတ္သည္ ဂိတ္၌ ခရီးသည္တို႔ကို ေစာင့္ၾကည့္သူ ဂိတ္ေစာင့္ကဲ့သို႔ပင္
ဝင္ေလႏွင့္ထြက္ေလ ေရြ႕လ်ားျဖတ္သန္းမႈေနာက္သို႔ လိုက္ပါစီးေမ်ာမသြားသင့္ျခင္းပင္ ျဖစ္ေပသည္။
ထို႔အတူ စိတ္သည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလေတြ႔ထိရာ ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား (သို႔မဟုတ္) အေပၚႏႈတ္ခမ္း၌ အာရံုစိုက္သင့္ၿပီး
ေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလ ႏွင့္ ထြက္ေလကို သိမွတ္ေနသင့္ေလသည္။</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indeed,
there are three notable things of mindfulness of breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; nose-tip or
upper lip (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nimitta</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>,
in-breath (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assāsa</i>) and out-breath (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passāsa</i>). These three things are not the
<span style="background: lightgrey; mso-highlight: lightgrey;">object</span> of a
single consciousness. But for a meditator who does not know these three things,
the development of mindfulness of breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is not attained. Therefore, a meditator has to
be just as a man who cuts a timber too. When a man cuts the timber placed on
the ground with saw, his mindfulness is set up by the saw’s teeth where they
touch the timber whenever the saw’s teeth approach and recede. Likewise, a
meditator should know the three things; nose-tip or upper lip (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nimitta</i>), in-breaths and out-breaths
whenever they touch, and count them by way of counting.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">စင္စစ္တြင္ ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား (သို႔မဟုတ္)
အေပၚႏႈတ္ခမ္း (နိမိတၱ)၊ ဝင္ေလ (အႆာသ) ႏွင့္ ထြက္ေလ (ပႆာသ) ဟူ၍ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိကမၼ႒ာန္းႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍
သတိျပဳဖြယ္ရာ သံုးခုရွိေပသည္။ ဤသံုးခုသည္ တစ္ခုတည္းေသာစိတ္၏ အာရံုတရားတို႔ မဟုတ္ၾကပါေလ။
သို႔ရာတြင္ ဤသံုးခုကို မသိေသာ ေယာဂီအား ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိဘာဝနာ မျဖစ္ထြန္းပါေပ။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္
ေယာဂီသည္ သစ္ေရြသမားကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္သင့္ေလသည္။ သစ္ေရြသမားသည္ ေျမႀကီးေပၚခ်ထားေသာသစ္ကို
လႊျဖင့္ ျဖတ္ေသာအခါ လႊသြားကို တြန္းတိုင္းဆြဲတိုင္း သစ္တံုးေပၚ လႊသြားထိရာအရပ္ရွိ လႊသြားအေပၚ၌
သူ၏စိတ္ကို ထားေလသည္။<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ထိုနည္းအတူ ေယာဂီသည္လည္း
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ တိုးထိတိုင္း ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား (သို႔မဟုတ္) အေပၚႏႈတ္ခမ္း (နိမိတၱ)၊ ဝင္ေလ
ႏွင့္ ထြက္ေလ ဟူေသာ အရာသံုးမ်ိဳးကို သိမွတ္သင့္ၿပီး ၎တို႔ကို ေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္
ေရတြက္အပ္ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
should bear in mind that mindfulness of breathing must be counted only at the
moment of breath touching on the touching point of nose-tip or upper-lip. He
must not count breath before or after touching on the touching point of
nose-tip or upper-lip.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ေယာဂီသည္ ေလတိုးထိရာ ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား
(သို႔မဟုတ္) အေပၚႏႈတ္ခမ္း၌ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလတိုးထိခိုက္တြင္သာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိကို ေရတြက္ရမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း
မွတ္သားအပ္ေလသည္။ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို ေလတိုးထိရာ ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား (သို႔မဟုတ္) အေပၚႏႈတ္ခမ္း၌
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ မတိုးထိခင္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) တိုးထိၿပီးမွ လံုးဝမေရတြက္ရပါေလ။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">During
each <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i>, the meditator must try to
develop the three parts of concentration</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; right effort,
right mindfulness and right concentration</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. That means when
taking breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by way of counting method, during each <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i> after out-breath, the in-breath
must be breathed, and after breathing in, the out-breath must be breathed with
right effort. If the right effort does not support to breathe, even though
there is automatic breathing, the right effort is broken. If the counting is
missing, the right mindfulness is broken. If mind is going round without focus
on breaths, the right concentration is broken.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
During one session of meditation, meditator should try to get the complete <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i> as much as he can; twenty <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i>, thirty <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i> or more than that.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ေယာဂီသည္ ဝါရတစ္ခုစီအတြင္း<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>သမၼာဝါယာမ၊ သမၼာသတိ ႏွင့္ သမၼာသမာဓိ ဟုဆိုအပ္ေသာ
သမာဓိမဂၢင္သံုးပါးကို တိုးပြားေစရန္ ႀကိဳးစားရေပမည္။ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ဆိုလိုသည္မွာ ေရတြက္ျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
အားထုတ္ေနစဥ္ ဝါရတစ္ခုစီအတြင္း ထြက္ေလၿပီးေနာက္ ဝင္ေလကို (သမၼာဝါယာမျဖင့္) ရွဴသြင္းရမည္၊
ဝင္ေလၿပီးေနာက္ ထြက္ေလကို သမၼာဝါယာမျဖင့္ ရွဴထုတ္ရမည္။ အကယ္၍ ေလရွဴရန္ သမၼာဝါယာမ မပံ့ပိုးလွ်င္
အလိုအေလ်ာက္ ရွဴသြင္းရွဴထုတ္လုပ္ေနေစကာမူ သမၼာဝါယာမမဂၢင္ က်ိဳးပ်က္ေလသည္။ အကယ္၍ ေရတြက္မႈ
ေမ့ေလ်ာ့မွားယြင္းလွ်င္ သမၼာသတိမဂၢင္ က်ိဳးပ်က္ေလသည္။ အကယ္၍ စိတ္သည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလအေပၚ
အာရံုမစိုက္ဘဲ ဟိုဟိုဒီဒီ ပ်ံ႕လြင့္ေျပးသြားလွ်င္ သမၼာသမာဓိမဂၢင္ က်ိဳးပ်က္ေလသည္။ ေယာဂီသည္<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>တရားအားထုတ္ခ်ိန္တစ္ခုအတြင္း ဝါရႏွစ္ဆယ္၊ ဝါရသံုးဆယ္
(သို႔မဟုတ္) ထို႔ထက္မ်ားမ်ား အတတ္ႏိုင္ဆံုး လံုးဝျပည့္စံုေသာဝါရမ်ားကို ရရွိရန္ ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္သင့္ေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Ven. Meayzin Tawra Saradaw, by way of counting as said above, when the
mindfulness breaths are completely counted from one to eight, it should be
recorded as one time (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eka- vāra</i>) by
folding a finger. In this way, the first ten times (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dasa vāra</i>) of counting should be recorded on ten fingers. <span style="background: lightgrey; mso-highlight: lightgrey;">Then</span>, the group of
the first ten times of counting should be mentally placed at the right wrist.
Another group should be placed at right elbow, the third the right shoulder,
the fourth the right ear, the fifth the right upper corner of head, the sixth
the left upper corner of head, the seventh the left ear, the eighth the left
shoulder, the nine the left elbow and the tenth group should be placed at the
left wrist. Then, the meditator completes hundred times (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sata vāra</i>) of counting breath.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="" 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" /> </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ေျမဇင္းေတာရဆရာေတာ္၏ အဆိုအရ အထက္တြင္ျပဆိုခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ
ေရတြက္နည္းျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိကို တစ္မွရွစ္အထိ ျပည့္ျပည့္စံုစံု ေရတြက္ၿပီးေသာအခါ
လက္ေခ်ာင္းကေလးတစ္ေခ်ာင္းကို ခ်ိဳး၍ တစ္ႀကိမ္ ဟု မွတ္သားထားသင့္ေပသည္။ ဤသို႔လွ်င္ လက္ဦးေရတြက္မႈဆယ္ႀကိမ္
(ဒသဝါရ) ကို လက္ေခ်ာင္း ဆယ္ေခ်ာင္းတြင္ မွတ္သားအပ္ေလသည္။ ထို႔ေနာက္ လက္ဦးေရတြက္မႈဆယ္ႀကိမ္တစ္စုကို
ညာဘက္လက္ေကာက္ဝတ္တြင္ စိတ္ျဖင့္ (မွတ္သား) ထားအပ္ေလသည္။ ေနာက္ထပ္ (ေရတြက္မႈ ဆယ္ႀကိမ္)
တစ္စုကို ညာဘက္တံေတာင္ဆစ္၊ သံုးခုေျမာက္အစုကို ညာဘက္ပုခံုး၊ ေလးခုေျမာက္အစုကို ညာဘက္နားရြက္၊
ငါးခုေျမာက္အစုကို ညာဘက္ခ်ိဳေစာင္း၊ ေျခာက္ခုေျမာက္အစုကို ဘယ္ဘက္ခ်ိဳေစာင္း၊ ခုနစ္ခုေျမာက္အစုကို
ဘယ္ဘက္နားရြက္၊ ရွစ္ခုေျမာက္အစုကို ဘယ္ဘက္ပုခံုး၊ ကိုးခုေျမာက္အစုကို ဘယ္ဘက္တံေတာင္ဆစ္
ႏွင့္ ဆယ္ခုေျမာက္အစုကို ဘယ္ဘက္လက္ေကာက္ဝတ္တြင္ (စိတ္ျဖင့္ မွတ္သား) ထားရွိအပ္ေလသည္။
ဤတြင္ ေယာဂီသည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလေရတြက္မႈ အႀကိမ္တစ္ရာ (သတဝါရ) ကို ျပည့္စံုေစေလသည္။</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Placing the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Vāras</i> mentally</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sometimes,
the mind runs into other objects during counting. In that situation, the
meditator should reset the recent counting process, but no need to delete the
former records of counting in the recent session. For example, after the
meditator have already completed five times (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pañca vāra</i>) and four folded fingers, then if the mind does not
focus on breath or something is wrong in progress, he must reset for the record
of five times and five folded fingers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">အႀကိမ္ေရကို
စိတ္ျဖင့္မွတ္သားထားျခင္း</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">တခါတရံ စိတ္သည္ (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ) ေရတြက္ေနစဥ္အတြင္း
အျခားအာရံုမ်ားသို႔ ေျပးသြားတတ္ေလသည္။ ထိုအခါ ေယာဂီသည္ လက္ရွိေရတြက္ေနဆဲအစဥ္ကို ျပန္လည္ေရတြက္သင့္ေပသည္။
သို႔ေသာ္ လက္ရွိတရားအားထုတ္ခ်ိန္အတြင္း ေရတြက္ထားၿပီးသား ကနဦးမွတ္သားမႈမ်ားကိုမူ ပယ္ဖ်က္ပစ္ရန္
မလိုအပ္ေပ။ ဥပမာ - ေယာဂီသည္ ငါးဝါရ ႏွင့္ လက္ေခ်ာင္းေလးေခ်ာင္း ျပည့္ျပည့္ဝဝ ရထားၿပီးေနာက္
စိတ္သည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလအေပၚ အာရံုမစိုက္ေတာ့ပါလွ်င္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) အားထုတ္မႈအတြင္း အမွားအယြင္း
တစံုတရာ ျဖစ္လာခဲ့ပါလွ်င္ သူသည္ ငါးဝါရႏွင့္ လက္ေခ်ာင္းငါးေခ်ာင္းအတြက္ မွတ္သားမႈကို
ျပန္လည္စတင္ရမည္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">Dr. Visarada (Rammavati) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Pṭsm. I 171: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evamevaṃ bhikkhu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">nāsikagge vā mukhanimitte vā</b> satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā nisinno hoti</i>; PṭsmA
471: In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭisambhidāmagga</i>, it is said
“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa,
ajānato tayo dhamme, bhāvanā nupalabbhati</i>” (Pṭsm. I 170) . For about that,
the commentary of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭisambhidhāmagga</i>
defines the word ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nimitta</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">’ as ‘<span class="bld1"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nimitta</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nti assāsapassāsānaṃ phusanaṭṭhānaṃ. Assāsapassāsā hi dīghanāsikassa
nāsāpuṭaṃ ghaṭṭentā pavattanti, rassanāsikassa uttaroṭṭhaṃ</i>; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nimitta</i> means the touching point of
in-breath and out-breath. For one who breathes long they touch at the nose-tip,
and for one who breathes short they touch at the upper lip.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="indent" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Vism. I 273: ‘‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kathaṃ
ime tayo dhammā ekacittassa ārammaṇā na honti, na cime tayo dhammā aviditā
honti, na ca cittaṃ vikkhepaṃ gacchati, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca
sādheti, visesamadhi gacchati? Seyyathāpi rukkho same bhūmibhāge nikkhitto,
tamenaṃ puriso kakacena chindeyya. Rukkhe phuṭṭhakakacadantānaṃ vasena
purisassa sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, na āgate vā gate vā <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V1.0270"></a>kakacadante
manasi karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā kakacadantā aviditā honti, padhānañca
paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati.”</i></span></div>
<div class="indent" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">‘‘Yathā rukkho same bhūmibhāge nikkhitto, evaṃ upanibandhanānimittaṃ.
Yathā kakacadantā, evaṃ assāsapassāsā. Yathā rukkhe phuṭṭhakakacadantānaṃ
vasena purisassa sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, na āgate vā gate vā kakacadante manasi
karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā kakacadantā aviditā honti, padhānañca paññāyati,
payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati, evameva bhikkhu nāsikagge vā
mukhanimitte vā satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā nisinno hoti, na āgate vā gate vā
assāsapassāse manasi karoti, na ca āgatā vā gatā vā assāsapassāsā aviditā <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="M1.0274"></a>honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti,
visesamadhigacchati.”</span></i></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Ven. Kelāsa, The
Practice of Tranquillity and Insight Meditation by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kannī</i> Method, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">21.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Kanni Saradaw,
Yogipāragu, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">17.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Ibid., </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">17. </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Ven. Kelāsa, The
Practice of Tranquillity and Insight Meditation by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kannī</i> Method, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">20.
</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="full post">
</span></div>
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-11745603216723552582020-07-26T08:11:00.000-07:002020-07-26T08:11:22.139-07:004.6. The Counting Method (part 1) ( ၄.၆ ေရတြက္နည္း - အပိုင္း ၁)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036990"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687846"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662194"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118527"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662194;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687846;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036990;"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.6.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Counting Method</span></b></span></span></span></a><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">In order
to practise breathing meditation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gave eight methods as follows: </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၆
ေရတြက္နည္း</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္ရန္
နည္းလမ္းရွစ္မ်ိဳးကို ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္းက ေအာက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ ေပးထားေပသည္ …</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Counting method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gaṇanā</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Connection method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anubandanā</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Touching method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">phusanā</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Fixing method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ṭhapanā</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Observing method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sallakkhaṇā</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Turning method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vivaṭṭanā</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Purification method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pārisuddhi</i>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Reflecting method (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">paṭipassanā</i>).</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁) ေရတြက္နည္း (ဂဏနာ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂) အစဥ္လိုက္နည္း (အႏုဗႏၶနာ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃) ထိသိနည္း (ဖုသနာ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄) စိတ္ကိုအာရံု၌ ေကာင္းစြာထားနည္း
(ဌပနာ) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၅) ေကာင္းစြာမွတ္နည္း (သလႅကၡဏာ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၆) နစ္နည္း (ဝိဝဋၬနာ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၇) ထက္ဝန္းက်င္ စင္ၾကယ္နည္း (ပါရိသုဒၶိ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၈) တဖန္ျပန္ရႈနည္း (ပဋိပႆနာ) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Of
these, at first, the beginner should use the first method, the counting method.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
order to count the breath, one should select the suitable area that the
touching point of in-breath and out-breath on nose. For this, the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mentioned the word “in front” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">parimukaṃ</i>) in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta, Ᾱnāpānasati Sutta</i>, and so on. According to the
commentaries, ‘in front’ means ‘toward the meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject’.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
That indicates the accurate anatomical location.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၎တို႔တြင္ ကနဦးကာလ ယခုမွစတင္အားထုတ္သူသည္<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ပထမနည္းျဖစ္သည့္ ေရတြက္နည္းကို အသံုးျပဳသင့္ေပသည္။
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို ေရတြက္ရန္အတြက္ ေယာဂီသည္ ႏွာေခါင္း၌ ဝင္ေလႏွင့္ ထြက္ေလ ထိရာအရပ္ဟုဆိုအပ္ေသာ
သင့္ေလ်ာ္သည့္ေနရာကို ေရြးခ်ယ္သင့္ေလသည္။ ဤသို႔ ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္အတြက္ မဟာသတိပ႒ာနသုတၱန္၊
အာနာပါနသတိသုတၱန္ စသည္တို႔၌ “ေရွ႕ရႈ” (ပရိမုခံ) ဟူေသာ စကားလံုးကို ျမတ္ဗုဒၶ မိန္႔ေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။
အ႒ကထာမ်ားအဆိုအရ “ေရွ႕ရႈ” ဟူသည္ “ကမၼ႒ာန္းဆီသို႔” ဟု ဆိုလိုေပသည္။ ထိုစကားရပ္သည္ (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းအားထုတ္ရန္)
မွန္ကန္တိက်ေသာ ကိုယ္ခႏၶာ ေနရာကို ညႊန္ျပေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Visuddhimagga</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ācariya
Buddhaghosa indicated to count breathing <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">within five to ten</span></span> without making a break in the
process. If the counting is less than five, having a short duration, the mind
would be restless like a cow shut in a narrow cow-pen. If the counting goes
beyond ten, the mind would lodge on the number instead of the breaths. If the
counting process is broken, the mind would confuse if the meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject has reached to the end or not.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္း၌ ဆရာအရွင္ဗုဒၶေဃာသသည္
ငါးမွသည္ တစ္ဆယ္အတြင္း ျပတ္ေတာက္မႈမရွိေစဘဲ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို ေရတြက္ရန္ ညႊန္ၾကားထားေပသည္။
ေရတြက္မႈသည္ အကယ္၍ ငါးခုထက္ ေလ်ာ့နည္းပါလွ်င္ ၾကာျမင့္ခ်ိန္တိုေတာင္းျခင္းေၾကာင့္ က်ဥ္းေျမာင္းေသာႏြားၿခံ၌
ပိတ္မိေသာႏြားကဲ့သို႔ စိတ္မတည္ၿငိမ္ ျဖစ္တတ္သည္။ ေရတြက္မႈသည္ အကယ္၍ တစ္ဆယ္ထက္ ေက်ာ္သြားျပန္ပါမူ
စိတ္သည္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို တည္မွီရမည့္အစား ေရတြက္မႈကိန္းဂဏန္း၌သာ တည္မွီသြားတတ္သည္။ အကယ္၍
ေရတြက္မႈ ျပတ္ေတာက္ျပန္ပါမူ ကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ အဆံုးသို႔ ေရာက္ေလသေလာ၊ မေရာက္ေလသေလာ ဟု စိတ္ယံုမွား
ျဖစ္တတ္ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
Myanmar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
Ven. Sobhita<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i>Kanni Saradaw</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>taught his followers to count the breaths
starting from one to eight.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
According to his teaching, one set of breathing out and in should be counted as
one. Or two or three set of breathing out and in should be counted as one. When
the counting reaches to eight, it is called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eka-vāra</i>
(one time).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Concerning the counting one to eight in each <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra, </i>Meay Zin Tawya Saradaw<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a>
explained as that in reverence to the Noble Eightfold Path, the meditator
should count up to eight in each <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Ven. Aceinna<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i>Pa-auk Tawra Sayadaw<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>also gives the same comment with Meay
Zin Tawra Saradaw on counting up to eight.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ျမန္မာျပည္တြင္ ကႏၷီဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္ေသာဘိတသည္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို တစ္မွရွစ္အထိ ေရတြက္ၾကရန္ သူ႔တပည့္မ်ားကို သင္ၾကားေပးခဲ့ေပသည္။ ဆရာေတာ္၏သင္ၾကားခ်က္အရ
ထြက္ေလဝင္ေလ တစ္စံုကို ‘တစ္’ ဟု ေရတြက္သင့္ေပသည္။ သို႔တည္းမဟုတ္ ထြက္ေလဝင္ေလ ႏွစ္စံု
(သို႔မဟုတ္) သံုးစံုကို ‘တစ္’ ဟု ေရတြက္သင့္ေပသည္။ ေရတြက္မႈ ရွစ္သို႔ ေရာက္ေသာအခါ ၎ကို
တစ္ဝါရ (တစ္ႀကိမ္) ဟု ေခၚေလသည္။ ဝါရတစ္ခုစီ၌ တစ္မွရွစ္သို႔ ေရတြက္မႈႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ေျမဇင္းေတာရဆရာေတာ္က
မဂၢင္ရွစ္ပါးကို အေလးမူေသာအားျဖင့္ ေယာဂီသည္ ဝါရတစ္ခုစီ၌ ရွစ္အထိ ေရတြက္သင့္ေၾကာင္း
ရွင္းျပေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။ ဖားေအာက္ေတာရဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္အာစိဏၰကလည္း ရွစ္အထိေရတြက္မႈအေပၚ
ေျမဇင္းေတာရဆရာေတာ္အတူ မွတ္ခ်က္ျပဳေတာ္မူေပသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Fig. 3.1) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eka Vāra</i></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.9pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.15pt;" valign="top" width="99">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">one</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="8" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102">
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Eka
Vāra</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(One
Time)</span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.9pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.15pt;" valign="top" width="99">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">two</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 74.15pt;" valign="top" width="99">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">four</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">six</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">seven</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breathing in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Breathing out</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eight</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to Ven. Kanni Saradaw</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
each <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i> has two types; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saṃsaya vāra</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sanniṭṭhāna vāra</i>. Of them, during the process of counting one to
eight, if the mind runs into any other object except in-breaths and out-breath,
or into any of five hindrances</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> or
into any of three immoral thoughts<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>,
that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i> is called as gap- time or
broken time (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">saṃsaya vāra</i>). That
broken process should not be counted as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eka</i>-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra</i> (one time). If making a talk or a
gesture during a counting process, it should not be called even as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vāra. </i>Reversely if the mind does not run
into any other object, any hindrance or any immoral thoughts, and it completely
stays on the in-breaths and out-breaths, that process is regarded as complete
time (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sanniṭṭha vāra</i>).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ကႏၷီဆရာေတာ္အဆိုအရ ဝါရတစ္ခုစီတြင္ သံသယဝါရ
ႏွင့္ သႏၷိ႒ာနဝါရ ဟူ၍ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးႏွစ္စား ရွိေပသည္။ ထိုတြင္ တစ္မွရွစ္သို႔ ေရတြက္စဥ္အတြင္း
စိတ္သည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလမွတပါး အျခားအာရံုတစ္ခုခုသို႔ (သို႔မဟုတ္) နီဝရဏငါးပါးတြင္ တစ္ပါးပါးသို႔
(သို႔မဟုတ္) မိစၦာဝိတက္သံုးပါးတြင္ တစ္ပါးပါးသို႔ ေျပးသြားပါလွ်င္ ထိုဝါရကို ဝါရေပါက္
(သို႔မဟုတ္) ဝါရျပတ္ (သံသယဝါရ) ဟု ေခၚဆိုေလသည္။ ထို(ေရတြက္မႈ) ျဖစ္စဥ္အျပတ္အေတာက္ကို
တစ္ဝါရ (တစ္ၾကိမ္) ဟု ေရတြက္ျခင္း မျပဳသင့္ပါေလ။ ေရတြက္စဥ္အတြင္း စကားေျပာဆိုျခင္း
(သို႔မဟုတ္) လက္ဟန္ေျခဟန္ျပသျခင္းတို႔ကိုသာ ျပဳမိပါမူ ဝါရ ဟူ၍ပင္ မေခၚဆိုသင့္ေတာ့ေခ်။
ေျပာင္းျပန္အားျဖင့္ စိတ္သည္ အျခားအာရံုတစ္ခုခုသို႔၊ နီဝရဏတစ္ပါးပါးသို႔ (သို႔မဟုတ္)
မိစၦာဝိတက္တစ္ပါးပါးသို႔ မေျပးသြားပါမူ၊ ထိုစိတ္သည္ ဝင္ေလႏွင့္ထြက္ေလအေပၚတြင္သာ တည္ေနပါမူ
ထို (ေရတြက္မႈ) အစဥ္ကို ျပည့္စံုေသာဝါရ (သိႏၷိ႒ာနဝါရ) ဟု မွတ္သားရေပသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Concerning
other objects such as the voice, smell and so on, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">āvattana</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anāvāvattana</i>
should be understood. When the counting process is going on, one may hear a
voice. Just hearing the voice is called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">āvattana</i>.
Thinking of the voice such as this is human voice, this is a woman’s voice, Ms.
So So’s voice, etc., is called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anāvāvattana</i>.
Of the two, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anāvāvattana</i> should be
avoided by the meditator.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အသံ၊ အနံ႔စေသာ အျခားအာရံုတစ္ခုခုႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍
အာဝတၱန ႏွင့္ အနာဝတၱန တို႔ကို နားလည္သင့္ၾကေပသည္။ ေရတြက္ေနစဥ္အတြင္း ေယာဂီသည္ အသံတစ္ခုခုကို
ၾကားႏိုင္ေလသည္။ ၾကားကာမတၱမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာအသံကို အာဝတၱန ဟု ေခၚရသည္။ ဤအသံကား လူသံ၊ ဤကား
မိန္းမအသံ၊ ေဒၚဘယ္သူ႔အသံ စသည္ျဖင့္ အသံကိုေတြးေတာျခင္းကို အနာဝတၱနဟု ေခၚသည္။ ထိုႏွစ္မ်ိဳးတြင္
ေယာဂီသည္ အနာဝတၱနကို ေရွာင္သင့္ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Dr. Visarada (Rammavati) <br clear="all" />
</span></div>
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> According to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ᾱvarana sutta</i> (A V 64), there are five
hindrances</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nīvaraṁa</i>);
(1) Sensual desire, (2) ill well, (3) sloth and torpor, (4) restlessness and
worry, (5) doubt. They are called as hindrances because they obstruct the way
to the attainment of the jhānas and arising of wisdom</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">. </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> According to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Singiti Sutta</i> (D III 215), three are
three immoral thoughts (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vitakka</i>); (1)
sensual thought, (2) ill-well thought, (3) malign thought. These three immoral
thoughts interrupt the progress of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jhāna</i>
and wisdom</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Kanni Saradaw, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yogipāragu</i>, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid., 16.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ibid.,
270: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tatrāyaṃ manasikāravidhi – Gaṇanā
anubandhanā, phusanā ṭhapanā sallakkhaṇā; Vivaṭṭanā pārisuddhi, tesañca paṭipassanāti.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 270: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tattha iminā ādikammikena kulaputtena paṭhamaṃ
gaṇanāya idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V1.0267"></a>.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> DA. I 210: <span class="bld1"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ti kammaṭṭhānābhimukhaṃ satiṃ ṭhapayitvā.
Mukhasamīpe <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="M1.0189"></a>vā katvāti attho.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Bhikkhu Ᾱnālayo, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satipaṭṭhāna:
The Direct Path to Realization, (Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 2010),
128: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Both the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Abhidhamma</i> and the commentaries take “in
front” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">parimukaṃ</i>) to indicate a
precise anatomical location.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 270: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gaṇentena ca pañcannaṃ heṭṭhā na ṭhapetabbaṃ.
Dasannaṃ upari na netabbaṃ. Antarā khaṇḍaṃ na dassetabbaṃ. Pañcannaṃ heṭṭhā ṭhapentassa
hi sambādhe okāse cittuppādo vipphandati sambādhe vaje sanniruddhagogaṇo viya.
Dasannampi upari nentassa gaṇananissitako cittuppādo hoti. Antarā khaṇḍaṃ
dassentassa ‘‘sikhāppattaṃ nu kho me kammaṭṭhānaṃ, no’’ti cittaṃ vikampati.
Tasmā ete dose vajjetvā gaṇetabbaṃ.</i> </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Kanni Saradaw,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Yogipāragu</i>,
(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Kusalavatī<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Publications, Yangon, 1963), 16.</span></div>
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<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid., 16. </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Meay Zin Tawra Saradaw is the
one who spread the teaching of Ven. Sobhita, Kanni Saradaw</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Ven. Kelāsa, The Practice of Tranquillity and Insight Meditation by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kannī</i> Method, (Mandalay, Myanmar: Bodi
Aye Nyein Yeikthā, 2011), </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">19.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Pa-auk<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">Saradaw,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbānagāminipaṭipadā</i>. I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Mawlamyine, Myanmar: Pa-Auk Tawra,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: CharisSIL;">1998),</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
292.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-28829178889783044012020-07-23T07:10:00.000-07:002020-07-23T07:10:35.340-07:004.5. The Four Tetrads of Breathing Meditation (၄.၅ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း စတုကၠေလးပါး)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036985"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687841"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662189"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118522"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662189;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687841;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036985;"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.5.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Four Tetrads of Breathing Meditation</span></b></span></span></span></a><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For
one who determines to attain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by engaging in breathing meditation,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the particular and definite sixteen stages in
four tetrads were preached by the Buddha in many different <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">suttas</i>. These sixteen stages in four tetrads are as follows:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၅
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း စတုကၠေလးပါး</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္ျခင္းျဖင့္
နိဗၺာန္သို႔တက္လွမ္းရန္ ႀကံရြယ္ထားသူတစ္ဦးအတြက္ မ်ားျပားျခားနားေသာ သုတၱန္တို႔တြင္
စတုကၠလးပါး၌ တစ္ခုခ်င္းစီႏွင့္ တိက်ေသာ အဆင့္ဆယ့္ေျခာက္ဆင့္ကို ျမတ္ဗုဒၶ ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူထားေပသည္။
စတုကၠေလးပါး၌ ဤအဆင့္ဆယ့္ေျခာက္ဆင့္တို႔ကား ေအာက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္ေလသည္ …</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036986"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687842"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662190"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118523"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662190;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687842;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036986;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.5.1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>First Tetrad (Contemplation of the Body)</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036986;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687842;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662190;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc506118523;"></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If
the in-breath is lengthy, he’s simply aware of, “I breathe in long”; if the
out-breath is lengthy, he’s simply aware of, “I breathe out long.” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dighaṃvā assasanto</i>-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If
the in-breath is short, he just notes, “I breathe in short”; if the out-breath
is short, he just notes, “I breathe out short.” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rasaṃvā passasanto</i>-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
sets himself to experience the whole span of in-breath as of the start, the
middle and the end; he sets himself to experience the whole span of out-breath
as of the start, the middle and the end. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī</i>-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
sets himself to go through calming the entire in-breath formation; he sets
himself to go through calming the entire out-breath formation. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāyaṃ</i>-)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၅.၁ ပထမစတုကၠ</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁)
ဝင္ေလရွည္လွ်င္ “ငါသည္ ရွည္ရွည္ရွဴသြင္းသည္” ဟု ရိုးရွင္းစြာသိသည္၊ ထြက္ေလ ရွည္လွ်င္
“ငါသည္ ရွည္ရွည္ရွဴထုတ္သည္” ဟု ရိုးရွင္းစြာသိသည္။ (ဒီဃံဝါ အႆသေႏၱာ …) </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂)
ဝင္ေလ တိုလွ်င္ ““ငါသည္ တိုတိုရွဴသြင္းသည္” ဟု ရိုးရွင္းစြာသိသည္၊ ထြက္ေလ တိုလွ်င္
“ငါသည္ တိုတိုရွဴထုတ္သည္” ဟု ရိုးရွင္းစြာသိသည္။ (ရသံ ဝါ အႆသေႏၱာ …)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃)
အစ၊ အလယ္၊ အဆံုး အလံုးစံုေသာ ဝင္သက္ေလကို သိရန္အားထုတ္၏၊ အစ၊ အလယ္၊ အဆံုး အလံုးစံုေသာ
ထြက္သက္ေလကို သိရန္အားထုတ္၏။ (သဗၺကာယ ပဋိသံေဝဒီ …) </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄)
ရုန္႔ရင္းေသာဝင္ေလ ကာယသခၤါရကို ၿငိမ္းေအးေစရန္အားထုတ္၏၊ ရုန္႔ရင္းေသာထြက္ေလ ကာယသခၤါရကို
ၿငိမ္းေအးေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ (ပႆမၻယံ ကာယသခၤါရံ …)</span><span style="font-family: "Myanmar Text","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036987"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687843"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662191"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118524"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662191;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687843;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036987;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.5.2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Second Tetrad (Contemplation of Feelings)</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036987;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687843;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662191;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc506118524;"></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
exercises himself to experience the rapture of breathing in; he exercises
himself to experience the rapture of breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pītipaṭisaṃvedī-</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
exercises himself to experience the bliss of breathing in; he exercises himself
to experience the bliss of breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sukhapaṭisaṃvedī-</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
exercises himself to experience the mental formation of in-breath; he exercises
himself to experience the mental formation of out-breath. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cittasankhārapaṭisaṃvedī-</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
exercises himself to go through calming the mental formation of in-breath; he
exercises himself to go through calming the mental formation of out-breath. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passambhayaṃ cittasankhāyaṃ-</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၅.၂ ဒုတိယစတုကၠ</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁)
ဝင္ေလ၌ ပီတိကို ထင္စြာသိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ၌ ပီတိကို ထင္စြာသိရန္အားထုတ္၏။ (ပီတိပဋိသံေဝဒီ
…)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂)
ဝင္ေလ၌ ခ်မ္းသာျခင္းသုခကို ထင္စြာသိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ၌ ခ်မ္းသာျခင္းသုခကို ထင္စြာသိရန္
အားထုတ္၏။ (သုခပဋိသံေဝဒီ …)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃)
ဝင္ေလ၌ စိတၱသခၤါရကို ထင္စြာသိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ၌ စိတၱသခၤါရကို ထင္စြာသိရန္ အားထုတ္၏။
(စိတၱသခၤါရ ပဋိသံေဝဒီ …)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄)
ဝင္ေလ၌ ရုန္႔ရင္းေသာစိတၱသခၤါရကို ၿငိမ္းေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ၌ ရုန္႔ရင္းေသာ စိတၱသခၤါရကို
ၿငိမ္းေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ </span></div>
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<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036988"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687844"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662192"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118525"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662192;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687844;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036988;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.5.3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Third Tetrad (Contemplation of the Mind)</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036988;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687844;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662192;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc506118525;"></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
trains himself to experience the mind while breathing in; he trains himself to
experience the mind while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cittapaṭisaṃvedī-</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
trains himself to go through gladdening the mind while breathing in; he trains
himself to go through gladdening of the mind while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ-</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
trains himself to go through concentrating the mind while breathing in; he
trains himself to go through concentrating the mind while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">samādahaṃ cittaṃ-</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
trains himself to go through liberating the mind while breathing in; he trains
himself to go through liberating the mind while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vimocayaṃ cittaṃ-</i>)</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၅.၃ တတိယစတုကၠ</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁)
ဝင္ေလ၌ စိတ္ကို ထင္စြာသိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ၌ စိတ္ကို ထင္စြာသိရန္အားထုတ္၏။ (စိတၱပဋိသံေဝဒီ
…)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ အလြန္ဝမ္းေျမာက္ေသာစိတ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္
အလြန္ဝမ္းေျမာက္ေသာစိတ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ (အဘိပၸေမာဒယံ စိတၱံ …)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ တည္ၿငိမ္ေသာစိတ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ ရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္ တည္ၿငိမ္ေသာစိတ္ကို
ျဖစ္ေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ (သမာဒဟံ စိတၱံ …)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ စိတ္ကို (ကိေလသာမွ) လြတ္ေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္ စိတ္ကို
(ကိေလသာမွ) လြတ္ေစရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ (ဝိေမာစယံ စိတၱံ …) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036989"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687845"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662193"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118526"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662193;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687845;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036989;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.5.4.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Fourth Tetrad (Contemplation of Mental
objects)</span></span></span></span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
gets himself to contemplate impermanence while breathing in; he gets himself to
contemplate impermanence while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aniccānupassī-</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
gets himself to contemplate fading away of attachment while breathing in; he
gets himself to contemplate fading away of attachment while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">virāgānupassī-</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
gets himself to contemplate cessation while breathing in; he gets himself to
contemplate cessation while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nirodhānupassī-</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">He
gets himself to contemplate relinquishment while breathing in; he gets himself
to contemplate relinquishment while breathing out. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">paṭinissaggānupassī</i>)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၅.၄ စတုတၳစတုကၠ</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ အနိစၥဟု အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္ အနိစၥဟု အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္
အားထုတ္၏။ (အနိစၥာႏုပႆီ …)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ ရာဂကင္းရာ နိဗၺာန္ကို အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္
ရာဂကင္းရာ နိဗၺာန္ကို အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ (ဝိရာဂါႏုပႆီ …)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ ရာဂခ်ဳပ္ရာ နိဗၺာန္ကို အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္ အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလ ရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္
ရာဂခ်ဳပ္ရာ နိဗၺာန္ကို အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္ အားထုတ္၏။ (နိေရာဓာႏုပႆီ …)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄)
ဝင္ေလရွဴသြင္းခိုက္ (ကိေလသာကိုစြန္႔ရာ) နိဗၺာန္ (စြန္႔တတ္ေသာမဂ္) ကို အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္
အားထုတ္၏၊ ထြက္ေလရွဴထုတ္ခိုက္ (ကိေလသာကိုစြန္႔ရာ) နိဗၺာန္ (စြန္႔တတ္ေသာမဂ္) ကို အဖန္ဖန္သိရန္
အားထုတ္၏။ (ပဋိနိႆဂၢါႏုပႆီ…) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Regarding
these tetrads, Ācariya Buddhaghosa gave an annotation that the first three
tetrads are for both <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">samatha</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vipassanā</i> and the fourth one is only for
pure <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vipassanā</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></sup></span></sup></a> Then
he also remarked that the first tetrad is the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kāyānupassanā catukka</i> (contemplation of the body tetrad), the rest
three are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vedanānupassanā catukka</i>
(contemplation of feeling tetrad), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cittānupassanā
catukka</i> (contemplation of the mind tetrad) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dhammānupassanā catukka</i> (contemplation of the mental formation
tetrad) in serial order for the meditators</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>who have already attained the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jhānas.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b></span></span></span></i>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဤစတုကၠမ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ဆရာအရွင္ ဗုဒၶေဃာသက
“ေရွ႕စတုကၠသံုးခုသည္ သမထႏွင့္ဝိပႆနာ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလံုးအတြက္ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ေလးခုေျမာက္စတုကၠသည္
ဝိပႆနာသီးသန္႔အတြက္ျဖစ္သည္” ဟု မွတ္ခ်က္ေပးေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ပထမစတုကၠသည္ ကာယာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ
(ကိုယ္ခႏၶာကို အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္းစတုကၠ)၊ က်န္စတုကၠသံုးခုတို႔သည္ စ်ာန္ရၿပီးေသာ
ေယာဂီမ်ားအတြက္ အစဥ္အတိုင္း ေဝဒနာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ (ေဝဒနာကို အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္းစတုကၠ)၊
စိတၱာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ (စိတ္ကို အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္း စတုကၠ) ႏွင့္ ဓမၼာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ (စိတၱသခၤါရကို
အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္း စတုကၠ) တို႔ျဖစ္ၾကသည္ ဟူ၍လည္း မွတ္ခ်က္ျပဳေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Besides,
Mahāvisuddhārāma Saradaw<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, </i>Ven.
Visuddācara made a comment that the first tetrad should be defined as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kāyānupassanā catukka</i> (contemplation of
the body tetrad), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">samatha catukka</i>, as
well as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">adikammika catukka</i> (beginner
tetrad) and the rest three are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vipassanā
catukka</i>; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vedanānupassanā catukka</i>
(contemplation of feeling tetrad), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cittānupassanā
catukka</i> (contemplation of the mind tetrad) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dhammānupassanā catukka</i> (contemplation of the mental formation
tetrad) in serial order for the meditators</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>who have already attained the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jhānas</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ထို႔အျပင္ မဟာဝိသုဒၶါရံုဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္ဝိသုဒၶါစာရမေထရ္က
ပထမစတုကၠကို ကာယာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ (ကိုယ္ခႏၶာကို အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္းစတုကၠ)၊ သမထစတုကၠ၊
အာဒိကမၼိကစတုကၠ (အားထုတ္စပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ား စတုကၠ) ဟု သတ္မွတ္သင့္ၿပီး၊ က်န္စတုကၠသံုးခုကို
စ်ာန္ရၿပီးေသာ ေယာဂီမ်ားအတြက္ အစဥ္အတိုင္း ဝိပႆနာစတုကၠ၊ ေဝဒနာႏုပႆနာစတုက (ေဝဒနာကို
အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္းစတုကၠ)၊ စိတၱာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ (စိတ္ကို အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္း စတုကၠ)
ႏွင့္ ဓမၼာႏုပႆနာစတုကၠ (စိတၱသခၤါရကို အဖန္တလဲလဲ ရႈမွတ္ျခင္း စတုကၠ) ဟူ၍ သတ္မွတ္သင့္ေၾကာင္း
မွတ္ခ်က္ျပဳေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Dr. Ashin Visarada (Rammavati) </span><span style="font-family: "Myanmar Text","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> M. III 83; Vin. III 70.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 282: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eidam catutthacatukkam suddavipassanāvasena
vuttam. Purimāni pana tīni samathavipassanāvasena</i>. </span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 269; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ayam tāvettha Kāyānupassanāvasena Vuttassa
Pathamacatukkassa Anupubbapadavaṇṇnā. Yasamā panettha eidameva catukkam
ādikammikassa kammaṭṭhānavasena vuttam. Eitarāni pana tīni catukkāni ettha
pattajhānassa vedanācittadhammānupassanāvasena vuttāni</i>.</span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Mahāvisuddhārāma Saradaw, Paramatthasarūpabhedanī . II (Yangon: Kabhāaye Press,
2010), 329.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-49740555502363275042020-07-20T03:56:00.001-07:002020-07-20T03:56:38.238-07:00Concept of Postures (ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္သည့္ သေဘာထားအျမင္မ်ား)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h3 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036984"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687840"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662188"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118521"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662188;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687840;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036984;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.4.2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">Concept of
Postures</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036984;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687840;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662188;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc506118521;"></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></h3>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The four postures; sitting, standing,
laying and walking of meditation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are appeared in many <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">suttas</i>. Among them, the sitting posture is especially indicated by
the Buddha</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for a meditator who develops the mindfulness
of breathing meditation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Therefore, it is necessary to sit
systematically for developing of mindfulness of breathing meditation. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၄.၂
ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္သည့္ သေဘာထားအျမင္မ်ား</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ထိုင္၍အားထုတ္ျခင္း၊ ရပ္၍အားထုတ္ျခင္း၊
လဲေလ်ာင္း၍အားထုတ္ျခင္း၊ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္၍ အားထုတ္ျခင္းဟူေသာ ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားေလးမ်ိဳးတို႔သည္
သုတၱန္မ်ားစြာ၌ ေဖာ္ျပလာရွိေပသည္။ ထိုတြင္ ထိုင္ေသာကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားကို ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းစီးျဖန္းသူ
ေယာဂီပုဂၢိဳလ္အတြက္ ဘုရားရွင္က အထူးတလည္ ညႊန္ၾကားေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိပြားမ်ားမႈအတြက္
စည္းစနစ္က်က်ထိုင္ရန္ လိုအပ္ေပသည္။ </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">As mentioned as ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nisīdati pallankaṃ ābhujjitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya</i>’ in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sutta</i>, sitting down with legs folded crosswise and body erect is
the way to sit systematically.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Keeping the chest, neck and head
straight, this posture is stable and secure, so that the meditator will not
fall over during the meditation process. In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, therefore, it is said that ‘sitting
with legs folded crosswise and body erect, with the eighteen backbones
supplying end to end, skin, flesh and sinews of meditator are not bent. And
feelings these would arise moment by moment if the skin, flesh and sinews were
bent do not arise. By being so, mind becomes tranquil, and meditation subject
does not fall through. Meditation attains to growth and increase.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">မဟာသတိပ႒ာနသုတၱန္၌ “နိသီဒတိ ပလႅကၤ ံ
အာဘုဇိတြာ ဥဇံု ကာယံ ပဏိဓာယ” ဟူ၍ မိန္႔ဆိုထားသည့္အတိုင္း တင္ပလႅင္ေခြ၍၊ ခႏၶာကိုယ္ကို
မတ္မတ္ထား၍ထိုင္ျခင္းသည္ စည္းစနစ္က်စြာထိုင္နည္းပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ေယာဂီသည္ တရားအားထုတ္စဥ္အတြင္း
လဲလန္မက်ေစရန္ ရင္ဘတ္၊ လည္ပင္း ႏွင့္ ဦးေခါင္းတို႔ကို ေျဖာင့္ေျဖာင့္မတ္မတ္ ထားျခင္းျဖင့္
ဤကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားသည္ တည္ၿငိမ္ခိုင္ခံ့ေလသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ပင္ ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္း၌ “တင္ပလႅင္ေခြ၊
ခႏၶာကိုယ္ကိုေျဖာင့္ေျဖာင့္မတ္မတ္ ထိုင္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ေက်ာဆစ္ရိုးတစ္ဆယ့္ရွစ္ခုသည္ တစ္ခု၏အစြန္းႏွင့္
တစ္ခု၏အစြန္း ေထာက္ပံ့ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ေယာဂီ၏ အေရ၊ အသား၊ အေၾကာတို႔သည္ မေကြးညြတ္။ အေရ၊
အသား၊ အေၾကာတို႔ ေကြးညြတ္လွ်င္ ခဏတိုင္း ခဏတိုင္း ျဖစ္ေပၚလာမည့္ နာက်င္မႈေဝဒနာတို႔သည္
မျဖစ္ေပၚ။ ထိုသို႔ နာက်င္ေသာေဝဒနာတို႔ မျဖစ္ေပၚျခင္းေၾကာင့္ စိတ္သည္ တည္ၾကည္၏၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္
မေပ်ာက္ပ်က္။ ကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ ႀကီးပြား ျပန္႔ေျပာျခင္းသို႔ ေရာက္၏” ဟု မိန္႔ဆိုထားေလသည္။</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">However, it is impossible to sit for
long time whole day and night as bodily nature. Then, a meditator needs to
change his posture in order to quash bodily pain. On the other hand, sometimes
a meditator may feel drowsy or sleepy during meditation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>session. When he becomes so, he should change
his posture in order to remove drowsiness or feeling sleepy as mentioned in the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pacalāyamāna sutta</i>.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> In it, addressing Ven. Mahāmoggallāna, the
seven methods of removing drowsiness are preached by the Buddha</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as follows:</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သို႔ရာတြင္ ကိုယ္ခႏၶာသဘာဝအရ တစ္ေန႔လံုး
တစ္ညဉ့္လံုး ကာလရွည္လ်ားစြာထိုင္ရန္ကား မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေပ။ ထိုအခါ ေယာဂီသည္ ကိုယ္ခႏၶာနာက်င္မႈကို
ပယ္ေဖ်ာက္ရန္ သူ၏ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားကို ေျပာင္းလဲရန္ လိုအပ္လာေပသည္။ သို႔မဟုတ္ပါက တခါတရံတြင္
ေယာဂီသည္ တရားခ်ိန္အတြင္း ငိုက္မ်ဥ္းျခင္း (သို႔မဟုတ္) အိပ္ငိုက္ျခင္း ျဖစ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္တတ္ေလသည္။
ထိုသို႔ျဖစ္လာခဲ့ပါမူ သူသည္ ပစဠာယမာနသုတၱန္၌ မိန္႔ဆိုထားသကဲ့သို႔ ငိုက္မ်ဥ္းျခင္း
(သို႔မဟုတ္) အိပ္ငိုက္ျခင္းကို ပယ္ေဖ်ာက္ရန္အတြက္ သူ၏ ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားကို ေျပာင္းလဲလိုက္သင့္ေပသည္။
ထိုသုတၱန္၌ အရွင္ေမာဂၢလာန္ကို တရားေဟာေတာ္မူစဥ္ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက ငိုက္မ်ဥ္းျခင္း (သို႔မဟုတ္)
အိပ္ငိုက္ျခင္းကို ပယ္ေဖ်ာက္ရန္ နည္းလမ္းခုနစ္မ်ိဳးကို ေအာက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္
… </span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not to attend to the perception that may cause
drowsiness. </span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
recall mentally the Dhamma</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which have been heard and memorized.</span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To repeat aloud in detail the Dhamma</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>which have been heard and memorized. </span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
pull both earlobes and rub limbs with hands. </span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
get up from seat and, after washing the eyes out with water, look around all
directions and upward to the major stars and constellations. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To
attend to the perception of light</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, resolve on the
perception of daytime, by night as by day, and by day as by night. By the
unhampered mind, to develop the brightened mind. </span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To walk back and front with the
mind setting inwardly in meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject without straying the mind outward.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁) အိပ္ခ်င္ငိုက္မ်ဥ္းျခင္းကို<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ျဖစ္ေစတတ္ေသာ အမွတ္သညာကို ႏွလံုးမသြင္းရန္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂) သင္ၾကားမွတ္သားထားေသာ တရားတို႔ကို
စိတ္ျဖင့္ အဖန္ဖန္အထပ္ထပ္ ႏွလံုးသြင္းရန္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃) သင္ၾကားမွတ္သားထားေသာ တရားတို႔ကို
အေသးစိတ္ သရဇၥ်ာယ္ရန္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄) နားရြက္ႏွစ္ဖက္ကို ဆြဲငင္ရန္ႏွင့္
ေျခလက္အဂၤါတို႔ကို လက္ျဖင့္ ပြတ္သပ္ရန္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၅) ထိုင္ရာမွထ၍ မ်က္လံုးတို႔ကို ေရျဖင့္
ပြတ္သပ္ၿပီးလွ်င္ ဟိုဟိုဒီဒီ အရပ္မ်က္ႏွာ၊ နကၡတ္တာရာတို႔ကို ၾကည့္ရႈရန္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၆) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ေန႔အခါ၌ကဲ့သို႔ ညဉ့္၌၊ ညဉ့္အခါ၌ကဲ့သို႔ ေန႔၌ အလင္းေရာင္ဟူေသာအမွတ္သညာကို
ႏွလံုးသြင္းရန္၊ ေန႔ဟူေသာအမွတ္သညာကို ေဆာက္တည္ရန္၊ ေျမွးယွက္ဟန္႔တားျခင္းကင္းေသာစိတ္ျဖင့္
အေရာင္ႏွင့္တကြျဖစ္ေသာစိတ္ကို ပြားမ်ားရန္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၇) အတြင္းျဖစ္ေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္း၌တည္ေသာ
ျပင္ပသို႔ ပ်ံ႕လြင္းျခင္းမရွိေသာစိတ္ျဖင့္ ေနာက္ႏွင့္ေရွ႕သို႕ စႀကၤ ံေလွ်ာက္ရန္။ </span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A meditator, therefore, should use the
suitable posture by realizing his bodily stamina. But he should not be deluded
by both mental and physical delusion.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Keeping body motionless is regarded as
bodily occupying, this supports tranquility. In order to occupy body, he has to
use sitting posture the most, even though body can be occupied by standing
posture and lying posture. Walking posture is a little bit gross for breathing
meditation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. But, if needed, walking posture also
can be used for breathing meditation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>since in-breaths and out-breaths are happening
all the time individually. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ေယာဂီသည္ သူ႔ကိုယ္ခႏၶာ၏
ခံႏိုင္ရည္ကို သေဘာေပါက္နားလည္ျခင္းျဖင့္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေလ်ာက္ပတ္ေသာ ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားကို အသံုးျပဳသင့္ေလသည္။
သို႔ရာတြင္ စိတ္လွည့္စားျခင္းႏွင့္ ရုပ္လွည့္စားျခင္း ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလံုးကိုမူ လွည့္စားမခံသင့္ပါေလ။
ကိုယ္ခႏၶာ မလႈပ္မရွား ထားရွိျခင္းကို ရုပ္ကိုသိမ္းဆည္းျခင္း ဟု မွတ္ယူၾကၿပီး၊ ဤသို႔
ရုပ္ကိုသိမ္းဆည္းျခင္းသည္ ၿငိမ္သက္မႈကို အေထာက္အပံ့ျပဳေပသည္။ ရုပ္ကိုသိမ္းဆည္းရန္အတြက္
ရပ္ေသာကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထား၊ လဲေလ်ာင္းေသာကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားတို႔ျဖင့္ သိမ္းဆည္းႏိုင္ပါေသာ္လည္း
ထိုင္ေသာကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားကို အမ်ားဆံုး အသံုးျပဳသင့္ေလသည္။ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ေသာကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားသည္ကား
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းအတြက္ အတန္ငယ္ၾကမ္းတမ္းေပသည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသည္ လူတိုင္းတြင္
အခ်ိန္တိုင္း ျဖစ္ပြားေနရကား အကယ္၍လိုအပ္ခဲ့ပါမူ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္သည့္ ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားကိုလည္း
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းအတြက္ အသံုးျပဳႏိုင္ေပသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Dr. Ashin Visarada (Rammavati) </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> M. I 56<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">: Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā
suññāgāragato vā isīdati, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṃ
satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.</i></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 262: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evamassa ututtayānukūlaṃ
dhātucariyānukūlañca ānāpānassatibhāvanānurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ upadisitvā
alīnānuddhaccapakkhikaṃ santaṃ iriyāpathaṃ upadisanto <span class="bld1">nisīdatī</span>ti
āha. Athassa nisajjāya daḷhabhāvaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ pavattanasukhataṃ ārammaṇapariggahūpāyañca
dassento pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvātiādimāha. Tattha <span class="bld1">pallaṅka</span>nti
samantato ūrubaddhāsanaṃ. <span class="bld1">Ābhujitvā</span>ti bandhitvā. <span class="bld1">Ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāyā</span>ti uparimasarīraṃ ujukaṃ ṭhapetvā. Aṭṭhārasapiṭṭhikaṇṭake
koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭipādetvā. Evañhi nisīdantassa cammamaṃsanhārūni na paṇamanti.
Athassa yā tesaṃ paṇamanappaccayā khaṇe khaṇe vedanā uppajjeyyuṃ, tā na
uppajjanti. Tāsu anuppajjamānāsu cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ na
paripatati, vuddhiṃ phātiṃ upagacchati.</i></span></div>
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<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> A. IV 85.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="bodytext" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-SG;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid., 85: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">‘‘Tasmātiha, moggallāna, yathāsaññissa te viharato taṃ middhaṃ okkamati,
taṃ saññaṃ mā manasākāsi, taṃ <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="P4.0086"></a>saññaṃ mā bahulamakāsi.
Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, moggallāna, vijjati yaṃ te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ
pahīyetha’’.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ,
moggallāna, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ cetasā anuvitakkeyyāsi
anuvicāreyyāsi, manasā <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="T4.0088"></a>anupekkheyyāsi. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ
vijjati yaṃ te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ,
moggallāna, yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ kareyyāsi.
Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ,
moggallāna, ubho kaṇṇasotāni āviñcheyyāsi, pāṇinā gattāni anumajjeyyāsi. Ṭhānaṃ
kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ,
moggallāna, uṭṭhāyāsanā udakena akkhīni anumajjitvā disā anuvilokeyyāsi<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="M2.0463"></a>, nakkhattāni tārakarūpāni ullokeyyāsi. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ
vijjati yaṃ te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ,
moggallāna, ālokasaññaṃ manasi kareyyāsi, divāsaññaṃ adhiṭṭhaheyyāsi – yathā divā
tathā rattiṃ yathā rattiṃ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena
sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveyyāsi. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ te evaṃ viharato
taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="P4.0087"></a>ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ
pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ, moggallāna, pacchāpuresaññī caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhaheyyāsi
antogatehi indriyehi abahigatena mānasena. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ te
evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ pahīyetha.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">‘‘No <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V2.0226"></a>ce te evaṃ viharato taṃ middhaṃ
pahīyetha, tato tvaṃ, moggallāna, dakkhiṇena <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="T4.0089"></a>passena
sīhaseyyaṃ kappeyyāsi pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi
karitvā. Paṭibuddhena ca te, moggallāna, khippaññeva paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ – ‘na
seyyasukhaṃ na passasukhaṃ na middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharissāmī’ti. Evañhi te,
moggallāna, sikkhitabbaṃ.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> This means, sometimes, when
physical body becomes pain even in very short duration of sitting, then the
mind thinks that legs are going to be broken, hip is going to be broken, and so
on. Indeed, some of those are just delusions of both mental and physical
bodies. </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="full post">
</span></div>
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-70163410640258504492020-07-16T19:17:00.003-07:002020-07-16T19:45:33.764-07:004.4.1. Concept of Places (၄.၄.၁ ေနရာမ်ားအေပၚ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In order to practice the breathing meditation
effectively, one has to know the suitable places and postures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
ထိေရာက္စြာအားထုတ္ႏိုင္ရန္အတြက္ ေယာဂီသည္ သင့္ေတာ္ေသာ ေနရာမ်ားႏွင့္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာ ကိုယ္ေနဟန္ထားတို႔ကို
သိရွိထားသင့္ေပသည္။ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036983"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.4.1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Concept of Places</span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">The mindfulness of breathing is the foremost
meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject
among the various meditation subjects</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">. And it is the proximate cause for the
attainment of distinction and living peacefully in this very life of all
Buddhas, some <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paccekabuddhas</i> and some
Buddhas’ disciples.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
For a meditator, this mindfulness of breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">is
not easy to be developed without abandoning a monastery near a village which is
resound with the noise of women, men, elephants, horses and etc. Because, noise
being a thorn to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jhāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
But in a forest away from a village, a meditator can practise this meditation
subject. He can achieve fourfold <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jhānas</i>
based on mindfulness of breathing and making those <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jhānā</i> the basis, contemplating formation, he can attain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i>, the highest fruit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>indicated to choose the one out of three
places; a forest, under a tree and an empty place, in order to develop this
mindfulness of breathing meditation properly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">၄.၄.၁ ေနရာမ်ားအေပၚ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအစားစားမ်ားအနက္
အထင္ရွားဆုံး ကမၼ႒ာန္း ျဖစ္ေပသည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ဘုရားရွင္တိုင္း၊ ပေစၥကဗုဒၶါအခ်ိဳ႕ႏွင့္
ဗုဒၶ၏သာဝက အခ်ိဳ႕တို႔အတြက္ တရားအထူးကိုရျခင္းႏွင့္ မ်က္ေမွာက္ဘဝ၌ ခ်မ္းသာစြာေနရျခင္းငွါ
အနီးစပ္ဆံုးအေၾကာင္းတရားလည္း ျဖစ္ေပသည္။ ေယာဂီတစ္ဦးအတြက္ မိန္းမသံ၊ ေယာက္်ားသံ၊ ဆင္သံ၊
ျမင္းသံ စသည္တို႔ျဖင့္ ဆူညံလွေသာ ရြာနီးေက်ာင္းကို မဖယ္ခြါဘဲ ဤဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
ပြားမ်ားအားထုတ္ရန္ မလြယ္ကူပါေလ။ အေၾကာင္းကား အသံသည္ စ်ာန္၏ ဆူးေျငာင့္ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ပင္။
သို႔ရာတြင္ ရြာမွေဝးေသာ ေတာအရပ္၌ကား ေယာဂီသည္ ဤကမၼ႒ာန္းအက်င့္ကို က်င့္ႀကံႏိုင္ေလသည္။
သူသည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အေျချပဳ၍ စ်ာန္ေလးပါးကို တက္လွမ္းၿပီးလွ်င္ ထိုစ်ာန္ေလးပါးကိုပင္
အေျချပဳ၍ သခၤါရတရားကို သံုးသပ္ၿပီးလွ်င္ အျမတ္ဆံုး ရလာဒ္ျဖစ္ေသာ ရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္သို႔ ေရာက္ရွိႏိုင္ေပသည္။
ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶသည္ ဤဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို ေကာင္းမြန္မွန္ကန္စြာ အားထုတ္ႏိုင္ရန္အတြက္
ေတာအရပ္၊ သစ္ပင္ေအာက္၊ ဆိတ္ၿငိမ္ရာအရပ္ သံုးခုအနက္ တစ္ခုခုကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ရန္ ညႊန္ၾကားေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္။</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
for the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is like a master of the art of building sites.
A master of art of building sites surveys a proposed site for a town, examines
it well and gives directions, “Build town here,” and when the town is safely
finished, he receives great honour from the royal family. Likewise, the Buddha
examines a suitable dwelling for meditator and he directs, “Devote yourself to
the meditation</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject here,’ and later on, when a meditator
has devoted himself to a meditation subject and attains <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i> gradually, after that the Buddha receives great honour
that, “the Blessed one is indeed the fully enlightened Buddha,” from the
meditator.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္းအလိုအရ ဗုဒၶသည္ ေျမၾကန္အင္လကၡဏာကို
တတ္ကၽြမ္းေသာဆရာႏွင့္ တူေတာ္မူေပသည္။ ေျမၾကန္အင္လကၡဏာကို တတ္ကၽြမ္းေသာဆရာသည္ ၿမိဳ႕တည္ရန္အတြက္
အဆိုျပဳထားေသာေျမကို ေကာင္းစြာၾကည့္ရႈစစ္ေဆး၍ “ဤအရပ္၌ ၿမိဳ႕တည္ၾကေလာ့” ဟု ညႊန္ၾကားၿပီးလွ်င္၊
ေဘးကင္းစြာျဖင့္ ၿမိဳ႕တည္ေဆာက္ၿပီးစီးေသာအခါ မင္းမ်ိဳးတို႔အထံမွ ႀကီးစြာေသာ ပူေဇာ္သကၠာရကို
ရရွိေလသည္။ ထို႔အတူပင္ ဘုရားရွင္သည္ ေယာဂီအတြက္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာ ေက်ာင္းေနရာကို ၾကည့္ရႈစစ္ေဆးေတာ္မူ၍
“ဤေနရာ၌ ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္ေလ” ဟု ညႊန္ၾကားေတာ္ၿပီးလွ်င္၊ ေနာင္ ေယာဂီသည္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
အားထုတ္၍ ရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္သို႔ တစ္ဆင့္ၿပီးတစ္ဆင့္ ေရာက္ရွိေသာအခါ “ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေတာ္မူေသာ
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ အမွန္စင္စစ္ သဗၺညဳတဉာဏ္ေတာ္ရွင္ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶျဖစ္ေတာ္မူေပသည္” ဟု ေယာဂီ၏အထံမွ
ျမတ္ေသာခ်ီးက်ဴးပူေဇာ္မႈကို ျမတ္ဗုဒၶ ရရွိေတာ္မူေပသည္။</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">And for the meditator is like a leopard. The
great leopard king conceals himself in a grass wilderness or a jungle
wilderness or a mountain wilderness in the forest and catches wild beasts –
wild buffalo, wild ox, pig, and etc. Likewise, a meditator who devotes himself
to his meditation subject in a forest and so on, seizes the paths of
stream-entry, once-return, non-return, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i>
and as well as the noble fruition.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ေယာဂီသည္ကား က်ားသစ္ႏွင့္ တူေလသည္။
က်ားသစ္မင္းသည္ ျမက္ေတာ၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ သစ္ေတာ၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေတာေတာင္၌လည္းေကာင္း ပုန္းေအာင္းၿပီးလွ်င္
ကၽြဲရိုင္း၊ ႏြားရိုင္း၊ ေတာဝက္ အစရွိသည့္ ေတာေကာင္ႀကီးမ်ားကို ဖမ္းဆီး၏။ ထို႔အတူ ေတာအရပ္စသည္၌
ကမၼ႒ာန္းတရားကို အားထုတ္ေနေသာ ေယာဂီသည္ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္၊
သကဒါဂါမိမဂ္၊ အနာဂါမိမဂ္၊ အရဟတၱမဂ္ ႏွင့္ အရဟတၱဖိုလ္တို႔ကို ဖမ္းယူေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Among said three places, according to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭisambhidāmagga</i>, a forest means the
place where there is beyond the boundary pillar of a village or a city.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
According to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i>, a forest
means any kinds of forests which are five hundred bow-lengths distant at least
from a village or a city.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
‘Under a tree’ means ‘near a tree’ or ‘vicinity of a tree’. An empty place
means an empty, secluded space. But w</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">herever it is, the most
important thing is to be a silent place for practice. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဆိုခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ ေနရာသံုးခုတြင္ ပဋိသမၻိဒါမဂ္ပါဠိေတာ္အရ
‘ေတာအရပ္’ ဟူသည္ ရြာတံခါးတိုင္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ၿမိဳ႕တံခါးတိုင္၏ ျပင္ပအရပ္ကို ဆိုလိုသည္။
ဝိနည္းပါဠိေတာ္အလိုအရမူ ရြာ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ၿမိဳ႕မွ အနည္းဆံုး ကုလေလးတာ ငါးရာအကြာ၌ရွိေသာ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>မည္သည့္ေတာအရပ္ကိုမဆို ‘ေတာအရပ္’ ဟု ဆိုလိုေပသည္။
‘သစ္ပင္ေအာက္’ ဟူသည္ သစ္ပင္အနီး (သို႔မဟုတ္) သစ္ပင္ဝန္းက်င္ကို ဆိုလိုသည္။ ဆိတ္ၿငိမ္ရာအရပ္ဟူသည္ကား
လူမရွိရာေနရာ၊ လူသူကင္းေဝးရာ ေနရာလြတ္ကို ဆိုလိုသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ (ေတာအရပ္၊ သစ္ပင္ရင္း၊
ဆိတ္ၿငိမ္ရာအရပ္ သံုးမ်ိဳးတြင္) မည္သည့္ေနရာပင္ျဖစ္ပါေစ အေရးအႀကီးဆံုးသည္ကား တရားအားထုတ္ႏိုင္ဖို႔
အသံတိတ္ဆိတ္သည့္ ေနရာမ်ိဳးျဖစ္ရန္ပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> </span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Therefore, in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
the eighteen kinds of unsuitable dwellings for a meditator has been expressed
as follows: (1) largeness, (2) newness, (3) dilapidation, (4) a nearby road,
(5) having a pool, (6) proximity to a plantation of herbs, (7) proximity to a
plantation of flowers, (8) proximity to a plantation of fruits, (9) famousness,
(10) a nearby city, (11) a nearby timber trees, (12) a nearby arable fields,
(13) presence of persons of different views, (14) a nearby port of entry, (15)
nearness to the border countries, (16) nearness to the frontier of a kingdom,
(17) unsuitableness, (18) lack of good friends.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Although there are diverse reasons in each dwelling, the common reasons of
unsuitability of all these dwellings for meditator are noisy, having many
activities, having disturbance and lack of good friends.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";"> ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္း၌ ေယာဂီအတြက္
မသင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာ ေက်ာင္း (၁၈) မ်ိဳးကို ေအာက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ ျပဆိုထားေလသည္ … (၁) ႀကီးလြန္းေသာေက်ာင္း၊
(၂) အသစ္ျဖစ္ေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၃) ေက်ာင္းအိုေက်ာင္းေဆြး၊ (၄) လမ္းခရီးႏွင့္ နီးေသာေက်ာင္း၊
(၅) ေရတြင္းေရကန္ ရွိေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၆) ဟင္းရြက္ေတာႏွင့္နီးေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၇) ပန္းဥယ်ာဥ္ႏွင့္
နီးေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၈) သစ္သီးျခံႏွင့္ နီးေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၉) နာမည္ႀကီးေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၁၀) ၿမိဳ႕ႀကီးကိုမွီေသာေက်ာင္း၊
(၁၁) သစ္ေတာဝါးေတာကိုမွီေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၁၂) လယ္ခင္းယာခင္းကိုမွီေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၁၃) အယူဝါဒမတူမွ်သူတို႔ေနေသာေက်ာင္း၊
(၁၄) ဆိပ္ကမ္းနားနီးေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၁၅) ပစၥႏၱရာဇ္ကိုမွီေသာေက်ာင္း (၁၆) နယ္စပ္ေဒသကိုမွီေသာေက်ာင္း၊
(၁၇) မေလ်ာက္ပတ္မသင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာေက်ာင္း၊ (၁၈) အေဆြခင္ပြန္းေကာင္းကုိမရႏိုင္ေသာေက်ာင္း။
ေက်ာင္းတိုင္းေက်ာင္းတိုင္းတြင္ မတူကြဲျပားေသာ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္မ်ားရွိေနၾကပါေသာ္လည္း
ေယာဂီအတြက္ ဤေက်ာင္းမ်ား၏ မသင့္ေလ်ာ္မေလ်ာက္ပတ္ေသာ တူညီသည့္အေၾကာင္းတရားမ်ားမွာ ဆူညံျခင္း၊
အမႈကိစၥမ်ားျပားျခင္း၊ အေႏွာင့္အယွက္မ်ားျပားျခင္း ႏွင့္ မိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းမ်ား မရွိျခင္းတို႔ပင္ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Senāsana sutta</i> of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aṅguttara-nikāya</i>, the suitable dwelling
which is endowed with five qualities for a meditator has been said by the
Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
The five qualities of suitable dwelling are as follows: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
dwelling is neither too far nor too near, and has a path for going and coming.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It
is not crowded in day and few voices at night. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There
is little contact with gnats, flies, wind, heat and creeping creatures. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">One
who lives in that dwelling easily gets robes, alms food, dwelling, and
medicine. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">(5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
that dwelling there are senior monks who are wide of knowledge, versed in the
scriptures, observers of the Dhamma</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, observers of
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i>, observers of the Codes (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mātikā</i>), and when one asks them
questions time to time, ‘How is this, venerable sir? What is the meaning of
this?’ then those venerable ones reveal the unrevealed, explain the
unexplained, and remove doubt from various doubtful points.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">These
are the five qualities of suitable dwelling for a meditator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">အဂၤုတၱရနိကာယ္၊ ေသနာသနသုတၱန္၌ ေယာဂီအတြက္
သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာ အဂၤါငါးပါးႏွင့္ျပည့္စံုသည့္ ေက်ာင္းေနရာကို ဘုရားျမတ္စြာ မိန္႔ၾကားေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။
သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေလ်ာက္ပတ္သည့္ေက်ာင္း၏ အဂၤါရပ္ငါးပါးမွာ ေအာက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္ေပသည္ …</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၁) ေက်ာင္းသည္ ေဝးလည္းမေဝးလြန္း၊ နီးလည္းမနီးလြန္း၊
သြားလမ္းလာလမ္းလည္းရွိ၏။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၂) ေန႔အခါ လူမထူထပ္၊ ညဉ့္အခါ လူသံဆိတ္၏။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၃) မွက္၊ ျခင္၊ ေလ၊ ေနပူ၊ ေျမြ ကင္း
သန္းတို႔ အေတြ႔အထိ နည္းပါး၏။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၄) ထိုေက်ာင္း၌ေနသူသည္ သကၤန္း၊ ဆြမ္း၊
ေက်ာင္း၊ ေဆးတို႔ကို ရလြယ္၏။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">(၅) ထိုေက်ာင္း၌ အၾကားအျမင္မ်ားေသာ၊
ပါဠိေတာ္ကို ႏႈတ္ငံုေဆာင္ေသာ၊ သုတၱန္ အဘိဓမၼာကိုေဆာင္ေသာ၊ ဝိနည္းကိုေဆာင္ေသာ၊ မာတိကာကိုေဆာင္ေသာ
မေထရ္ႀကီးတို႔ရွိၾကၿပီးလွ်င္၊ ရံဖန္ရံခါ ထိုမေထရ္ႀကီးတို႔ကို “အရွင္ဘုရား၊ ဤတရားကား
အဘယ္သို႔ပါနည္း၊ ဤတရား၏ အနက္အဓိပၸါယ္ကား အဘယ္သို႔ပါနည္း” ဟု တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္က ေမးေသာအခါ
ထိုမေထရ္ႀကီးတို႔သည္ မဖြင့္သည္ကို ဖြင့္ျပၾက၏၊ မရွင္းလင္းသည္ကို ရွင္းျပၾက၏၊ မ်ားျပားစြာေသာ
ယံုမွားစရာတို႔မွ ယံုမွားသံသယကို ပယ္ေဖ်ာက္ေပးၾကကုန္၏။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">ဤသည္တို႔ကား ေယာဂီအတြက္ ေလ်ာက္ပတ္ေသာေက်ာင္း၏
အဂၤါရပ္ငါးမ်ိဳးပင္ ျဖစ္ေပသည္။</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indeed,
among the three places, wherever it is, it should be supportive place for
meditator by being bodily detachment (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kāyaviveka</i>),
i.e., dissociating oneself from companions, colleagues and society, abiding in
solitude free from alluring sense-objects. Because, mental detachment (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cittaviveka</i>), i.e., attaining the eight
stages of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jhāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>against the mental defilements is caused by
the bodily detachment. Then, mental detachment supports detachment from
clinging to rebirth (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">upadhiviveka</i>)
that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
That means even in a forest or under a tree or anywhere else, it should be an
empty place or the place which can cause bodily detachment for practice. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">စင္စစ္ကား (ေတာအရပ္၊ သစ္ပင္ရင္း၊ ဆိတ္ၿငိမ္ရာအရပ္ဟူေသာ)
ဤေနရာသံုးမ်ိဳးတြင္ မည္သည့္ေနရာပင္ျဖစ္ပါေစ၊ ထိုအရပ္သည္ ကိုယ္အားျဖင့္ ကင္းဆိတ္ျခင္း
(ကာယဝိေဝက) ျဖင့္ ေယာဂီကို ေထာက္ပံ့ေပးေသာ ေနရာမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္သင့္ေပသည္။ ကိုယ္အားျဖင့္ကင္းဆိတ္ျခင္း
ကာယဝိေဝကဟူသည္ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ အေပါင္းအသင္းမ်ား၊ လုပ္ေဖာ္ကိုင္ဖက္မ်ား၊ လူ႔မႈအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားႏွင့္
မပတ္သက္ဘဲေနျခင္း၊ ဆြဲေဆာင္မႈရွိေသာ အာရံုတရားတို႔မွ ဖယ္ခြာ၍ လူသူကင္းေဝးရာ၌ စြဲၿမဲစြာေနျခင္းမ်ိဳးတို႔ျဖစ္သည္။
အေၾကာင္းမွာ စိတ္၏ကင္းဆိတ္ျခင္း (စိတၱဝိေဝက)၊ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ - ကိေလသာနီဝရဏတို႔ကို ဆန္႔က်င္၍
ရွစ္ရပ္ေသာစ်ာန္သမာပတ္သို႔ တက္ေရာက္ျခင္းသည္ ကာယဝိေဝကကို အေၾကာင္းခံေသာေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
ထို႔အျပင္ စိတ္၏ (ကိေလသာနီဝရဏတို႔မွ) ကင္းဆိတ္ျခင္းသည္ ဘဝသစ္ေမြးဖြားမႈ၌ ကပ္ၿငိျခင္းမွ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ကင္းဆိတ္ျခင္း (ဥပဓိဝိေဝက) (ေခၚ) နိဗၺာန္ကို ေထာက္ပံ့ျပန္ေလသည္။
ဆိုလိုသည္မွာ ေတာေတာင္ထဲ (သို႔မဟုတ္) သစ္ပင္ရင္း (သို႔မဟုတ္) အျခားမည္သည့္ေနရာ၌ပင္ျဖစ္ပါေစ၊
ထိုေနရာသည္ တရားအားထုတ္ရန္အတြက္ တိတ္ဆိတ္ေသာေနရာ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ကိုယ္အားျဖင့္ကင္းဆိတ္ေသာေနရာမ်ိဳး
ျဖစ္သင့္ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">After choosing the suitable place,
meditator should serve the minor impediments such as cutting long hair, nails
and body hair, mending and patching old robes, dying robes these are soiled,
baking flawed bowl, cleaning bed, chair and etc., up.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">သင့္ေလ်ာ္ေလ်ာက္ပတ္ေသာေနရာကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ၿပီးေနာက္၊
ေယာဂီသည္ ဆံပင္ညွပ္ျခင္း၊ ေျခသည္းလက္သည္းလွီးျခင္း၊ မုတ္ဆိတ္ရိတ္ျခင္း၊<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ေဟာင္းႏြမ္းေဆြးေျမ႕ေနေသာအဝတ္သကၤန္းတို႕ကို ဖာေထး
ခ်ဳပ္စပ္ျခင္း၊ ခ်ိဳ႔ယြင္းေနေသာသပိတ္ကို မီးဖုတ္ျခင္း၊ ကုတင္ ကုလားထိုင္စသည္တို႔ကို
ရွင္းလင္းျခင္းစေသာ အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ ပလိေဗာဓအေသးစားမ်ားကို ေဆာင္ရြက္သင့္ေပသည္။</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Zawgyi-One","sans-serif";">Dr. Ashin Visarada (Rammavati) </span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 261: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Atha vā yasmā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānappabhede
muddhabhūtaṃ sabbaññubuddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ visesādhigamadiṭṭhadhammasukha-vihārapadaṭṭhānaṃ
ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid., 261: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ itthipurisahatthiassādisaddasamākulaṃ gāmantaṃ
apariccajitvā na sukaraṃ bhāvetuṃ, saddakaṇṭakattā jhānassa.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="bodytext" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-SG; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-SG;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid., 261: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Vatthuvijjācariyo viya hi bhagavā, so yathā vatthuvijjācariyo
nagarabhūmiṃ passitvā suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha nagaraṃ māpethā’’ti
upadisati, sotthinā ca nagare niṭṭhite rājakulato mahāsakkāraṃ labhati, evameva
yogāvacarassa anurūpasenāsanaṃ upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha kammaṭṭhānaṃ
anuyuñjitabba’’nti upadisati, tato tattha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuttena yoginā kamena
arahatte patte ‘‘sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā’’ti mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ labhati.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Ibid., 261: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ayaṃ pana bhikkhu dīpisadisoti vuccati. Yathā hi mahādīpirājā araññe tiṇagahanaṃ
vā vanagahanaṃ vā pabbatagahanaṃ vā nissāya nilīyitvā vanamahiṃsagokaṇṇasūkarādayo
mige gaṇhāti, evameva ayaṃ araññādīsu kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto bhikkhu
yathākkamena sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiarahattamagge ceva ariyaphalañca gaṇhatīti
veditabbo.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Pṭsm. I 177: <span class="bld1"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arañña</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nti nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ araññaṃ.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vin. III 263: <span class="bld1"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">āraññakaṃ</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchimaṃ.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 115: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tatrime aṭṭhārasa dosā – mahattaṃ, navattaṃ,
jiṇṇattaṃ, panthanissitattaṃ, soṇḍī, paṇṇaṃ, pupphaṃ, phalaṃ, patthanīyatā,
nagarasannissitatā, dārusannissitatā, khettasannissitatā, visabhāgānaṃ
puggalānaṃ atthitā, paṭṭanasannissitatā, paccantasannissitatā,
rajjasīmasannissitatā, asappāyatā, kalyāṇamittānaṃ alābhoti imesaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ
dosānaṃ aññatarena dosena samannāgato ananurūpo nāma.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> A. V 15: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Idha, bhikkhave, senāsanaṃ nātidūraṃ hoti nāccāsannaṃ
gamanāgamanasampannaṃ divā appākiṇṇaṃ rattiṃ appasaddaṃ appanigghosaṃ appaḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapa-samphassaṃ
tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane viharantassa appakasirena uppajjanti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā;
tasmiṃ kho pana senāsane therā bhikkhū viharanti bahussutā āgatāgamā
dhammadharā <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="P5.0016"></a>vinayadharā mātikādharā; te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā
paripucchati paripañhati – ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ, imassa ko attho’ti; tassa te
āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti anuttānīkatañca uttāniṃ karonti anekavihitesu
ca kaṅkhāṭhāniyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave,
senāsanaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ hoti.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Vism. I 119: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">evaṃ patirūpe vihāre viharantena yepissa te
honti khuddakapalibodhā, tepi upacchinditabbā. Seyyathidaṃ, dīghāni
kesanakhalomāni chinditabbāni. Jiṇṇacīvaresu daḷhīkammaṃ vā tunnakammaṃ vā
kātabbaṃ. Kiliṭṭhāni vā rajitabbāni. Sace patte malaṃ hoti, patto pacitabbo.
Mañcapīṭhādīni sodhetabbānīti.</i></span></div>
</div>
</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-73658589386103568042020-07-14T07:14:00.002-07:002020-07-14T07:21:01.095-07:00 The Various Terms and Concepts of Breathing In and Out (ဝင္ေလ ထြက္ေလ ေဝါဟာရအစားစားႏွင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလအေပၚ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036981"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.3.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Various
Terms and Concepts of Breathing In and Out</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the Pali</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>texts, the term “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assaso </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> passaso</i>” can
be found readily as a synonym of “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ānāpāna</i>”.
The Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mentioned the word “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ānāpāna</i>”(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">āna+ āpāna</i>)
combined with “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sati</i>”, collectively as
“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ānāpānasati</i>” (“Mindfulness of
breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">”)
to use it as the title of meditation subject. But, in order to point out how to
take this meditation subject, he applied only the former words, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assaso </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passaso</i>”.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">၄.၃
ဝင္ေလ ထြက္ေလ ေဝါဟာရအစားစားႏွင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလအေပၚ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ပါဠိေတာ္မ်ားတြင္
“အႆာသ ႏွင့္ ပႆာသ” ဟူေသာ ေဝါဟာရကို “အာနာပါန” ဟူေသာ ပရိယာယ္စကားလံုးအျဖစ္ လြယ္လင့္တကူ
ေတြ႔ႏိုင္ေပသည္။ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶသည္ “အာနာပါန” (အာန + အာပါန) ဟူေသာ စကားလံုးကို ကမၼ႒ာန္းေခါင္းစီးအျဖစ္
သံုးစြဲရန္အတြက္ “သတိ” ဟူေသာ စကားလံုးႏွင့္တြဲဖက္၍ အာနာပါနသတိ (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိကမၼ႒ာန္း)
ေပါင္းစပ္ မိန္႔ေတာ္မူေပသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ ဤကမၼ႒ာန္းကို မည္သို႔ပြားမ်ားအားထုတ္ရမည္ကို
ျပဆိုရန္အတြက္မူ “အႆာသ ႏွင့္ ပႆာသ” ဟူေသာ ေရွ႔ကဆိုခဲ့သည့္ စကားလံုးမ်ားကိုသာ သံုးစြဲေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
terms, ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assaso’ </i>and ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passaso’, </i>are utilized in the diverse <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suttas</i> to refer to the in-breath and
out-breath. In defining these meanings exegetically, some Buddhist traditions
had the same opinion while some offered the reverse denotation. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i> commentary and the Pali</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Text Society (PTS</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)
dictionary took “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assasa</i>” as
out-breath, and “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passāsa</i>” as
in-breath whilst the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suttanta</i>
commentaries pronounced the opposite way round.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“အႆာသ ႏွင့္ ပႆာသ”
ဟူေသာ ေဝါဟာရတို႔ကို ဝင္ေလႏွင့္ ထြက္ေလကို ရည္ညႊန္းရန္အတြက္ သုတၱန္အစားစားတို႔တြင္
အက်ိဳးရွိရွိ သံုးစြဲထားခဲ့ေလသည္။ ဤအဓိပၸါယ္မ်ားကို ေဝဖန္ေစ့ငု အဓိပၸါယ္သတ္မွတ္ျခင္းျပဳရာတြင္
အခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာထံုးတမ္းစဥ္လာတို႔က ဆန္႔က်င္ဘက္ အဓိပၸါယ္ ေပးၾကေသာ္လည္း အခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ
ဗုဒၶဘာသာထံုးတမ္းစဥ္လာတို႔၌မူ တူညီေသာ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား ရွိၾကေပသည္။ သုတၱန္အ႒ကထာမ်ားက
(“အႆာသ” ကို “ဝင္ေလ”၊ “ပႆာသ” ကို “ထြက္ေလ” ဟု) ဆန္႔က်င္ဘက္ ျပဆိုၾကခ်ိန္တြင္ ဝိနည္းအ႒ကထာႏွင့္
ပါဠိေတာ္က်မ္းစာအဖြဲ႕ (PTS) အဘိဓာန္တို႔ကမူ “အႆာသ” ကို “ထြက္ေလ”၊ “ပႆာသ” ကို “ဝင္ေလ”
ဟု ေဖာ္ျပၾကေပသည္။ </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Regarding
these words, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i> commentary
gave a reason as follows: </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ဤစကားလံုးမ်ားႏွင့္
ပတ္သက္၍ ဝိနည္းအ႒ကထာက ေအာက္ပါကဲ့သို႔ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ ေပးထားေပသည္ …</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Once an infant immediately comes out from his
mother’s womb, out-breath comes first. Later, the wind from outside enters
bringing the delicate speck of dust and then hits the palate and is ended. By
this initial way, how out-breath and in-breath should be appreciated.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ကေလးတစ္ေယာက္ မိခင္ဝမ္းမွ အျပင္သို႔ထြက္ေျမာက္လွ်င္
ထြက္ေျမာက္ျခင္း ဦးစြာပထမ ထြက္ေလ စတင္ျဖစ္ေပၚသည္။ ထို႔ေနာင္မွ အျပင္မွေလသည္<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>သိမ္ေမြ႔ႏူးညံ့ေသာ ျမဴမႈန္ကို သယ္ေဆာင္၍ ကိုယ္တြင္းသို႔ဝင္သည္၊
ထို႔ေနာင္ အာေခါင္ကို ထိၿပီးေနာက္ ၿပီးဆံုးျခင္းသို႔ ေရာက္ေလသည္။ ဤသို႔လွ်င္ ကနဦးျဖစ္ေပၚသည့္
လမ္းစဥ္အတိုင္း ထြက္ေလႏွင့္ ဝင္ေလျဖစ္ေပၚပံုကို သိမွတ္သင့္ေပသည္။</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">On
the other hand, at the beginning of taking meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, the meditators</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>intentionally take breath-in at first and then
breathe out. By means of this hypothesis, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suttanta</i> commentaries are perfectly out of tune with the earlier
statement of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i> commentary. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">အျခားတစ္ဖက္တြင္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းစတင္အားထုတ္ခ်ိန္၌
ေယာဂီတို႔သည္ ဝင္ေလကို စတင္ရႈမွတ္ၿပီး၊ ထြက္ေလကို ေနာက္မွ ရႈမွတ္ၾကေပသည္။ ဤအဆိုၾကမ္းအရ
သုတၱန္အ႒ကထာမ်ား၏အဆိုသည္ ေရွ႕က ျပဆိုခဲ့ေသာ ဝိနည္းအ႒ကထာမ်ား၏ အဆိုႏွင့္ လံုးလံုးလ်ားလ်ား
ကြဲျပားသြားေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ācariya
Buddhaghosa in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>avowed the divergence of these commentaries
but he did not mention which one is correct. This may be due to the following
rationale: a person who engaged in breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>starting from either in or out breath, finally
he got the fruits of work. Ācariya Buddhaghosa was implicitly aware of that
work, therefore he might have deliberately chosen not to give any remarks on
these different viewpoints.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ဆရာအရွင္ ဗုဒၶေဃာသသည္ ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္း၌
ဤအ႒ကထာမ်ား၏ (အဆိုစကား) ကြဲျပားမႈကို အတိအလင္းဝန္ခံခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း မည္သည္က အမွန္ဟူ၍ကား
ဆံုးျဖတ္ေျပာဆိုမႈ မျပဳခဲ့ေပ။ ဤသို႔ ဆံုးျဖတ္ေျပာဆိုမႈ မျပဳခဲ့ျခင္းမွာလည္း “ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
ဝင္ေလမွစတင္အားထုတ္သူပင္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ ထြက္ေလမွစတင္အားထုတ္သူပင္ျဖစ္ေစ ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ သူသည္
အားထုတ္မႈ၏ ရလာဒ္ကို ခံစားရသည္သာ ျဖစ္သည္” ဟူေသာ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေပသည္။
ဆရာအရွင္ ဗုဒၶေဃာသသည္ ဤက်င့္စဥ္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ အတိအက် သိနားလည္ခဲ့ရကား ဤအျမင္ရႈေထာင့္ကြဲျပားမႈမ်ားအေပၚ
မည္သည့္မွတ္ခ်က္မွ်မျပဳဘဲ တမင္သက္သက္ လက္ေရွာင္ခဲ့ပံုရေပသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">But
Ācariya Dhammapāla, in his work – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mahāṭīkā</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, supported the
statement of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suttanta</i>
commentaries with the reference of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭisambhidāmagga</i>.
In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭisambhidāmagga, </i>it is said: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">သို႔ရာတြင္ ဆရာအရွင္ ဓမၼပါလသည္ကား သူ၏
ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္မဟာဋီကာ၌ ပဋိသမၻိဒါမဂ္ကို အကိုးအကားျပၿပီးလွ်င္ သုတၱန္အ႒ကထာမ်ား၏ အဆိုကို
ေထာက္ခံခဲ့ေပသည္။ ပဋိသမၻိဒါမဂ္၌ ဤသို႔ မိန္႔ဆိုထားသည္ …</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">‘for the one who follows the beginning, the middle
and the end of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">in-breath </b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">with mindfulness</span></span>, his
mind and body are passionate, shaken and trembled due to the mind which is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">distraced</span> </span>the inside (</b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ajjhattaṃ
vikkhepagatena</i>); for the one who follows the beginning, the middle and the
end of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">out-breath<span style="background-color: white;"> </span></b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">with mindfulness</span>,</span> his
mind and body are passionate, shaken and trembled due to the mind which is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">distraced the outside </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bahiddhā<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b>vikkhepagatena</i>).<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလ၏ အစ၊ အလယ္၊ အဆံုးတို႔ကို သတိျဖင့္
လိုက္လံရႈမွတ္သူအား အတြင္းသႏၱာန္၌ ပ်ံ႕လြင့္ေသာစိတ္ေၾကာင့္ ကိုယ္ႏွင့္စိတ္သည္ ပူပန္၏၊
တုန္လႈပ္၏၊ အတန္ငယ္တုန္လႈပ္၏။ ထြက္ေလ၏ အစ၊ အလယ္၊ အဆံုးတို႔ကို သတိျဖင့္ လိုက္လံရႈမွတ္သူအား
အပသႏၱာန္၌ ပ်ံ႕လြင့္ေသာစိတ္ေၾကာင့္ ကိုယ္ႏွင့္စိတ္သည္ ပူပန္၏၊ တုန္လႈပ္၏၊ အတန္ငယ္တုန္လႈပ္၏။
(ပဋိသံ၊ ၁၆၅၊ စာပိုဒ္ ၁၅၇)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ānāpānasati</i>” actually means “the
sensation of inhalation and exhalation through the nose in the context of
mindfulness”. In accordance with the Buddhist texts, there are three touching
points of each in-breath as well as out-breath. Of the breath moving inwards,
the nose-tip or the upper lip is the starting point, the heart the middle
point, and the navel the ending point. Conversely, of the exhaled breath, the
navel is the commencement, the heart the central, and the nose-tip or the upper
lip the last point.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">“အာနာပါနသတိ” ဟူသည္ကား<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“သတိရွိရွိျဖင့္ ႏွာေခါင္းေလ ရွဴသြင္းမႈႏွင့္ ရွဴထုတ္မႈအာရံု”
ကို ဆိုလိုသည္။ ဗုဒၶစာေပက်န္းဂန္မ်ားႏွင့္အညီ ဝင္ေလေတြ႔ထိရာဌာန သံုးခု၊ ထြက္ေလေတြ႔ထိရာဌာန
သံုးခု ရွိေပသည္။ ဝင္ေလ ေတြ႔ထိရာဌာန သံုးခုကား ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား (သို႔မဟုတ္) အထက္ႏႈတ္ခမ္းသည္
အစ၊ ရင္ခ်ိဳင့္သည္ အလယ္၊ ခ်က္သည္ အဆံုးဌာနျဖစ္သည္။ ေျပာင္းျပန္အားျဖင့္ ထြက္ေလေတြ႔ထိရာဌာန
သံုးခုကား ခ်က္သည္ အစ၊ ရင္ခ်ိဳင့္သည္ အလယ္၊ ႏွာေခါင္းဖ်ား (သို႔မဟုတ္) အထက္ႏႈတ္ခမ္းသည္
အဆံုးဌာနျဖစ္သည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
Myanmar</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buddhist tradition</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, concerning
breathing in and out, most teachers ask their followers to start from in-breath
whenever engaging in the breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>practice. Only very few teachers forcefully
teach their followers to launch from out-breath. From the practical point of
view, it should not be an argumentative issue for the meditators</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. It is a good
start from either out-breath or in-breath if there is mindfulness on each
breath. The most important thing is to establish mindfulness on breathing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ျမန္မာ့ဗုဒၶဘာသာက်င့္စဥ္တြင္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
စီးျဖန္းရာ၌ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ဆရာအမ်ားစုသည္ သူတို႔၏တပည့္မ်ားကို ဝင္ေလမွစတင္အားထုတ္ရန္
တိုက္တြန္းေလ့ရွိၾကသည္။ ဆရာအနည္းစုသည္သာ ထြက္ေလမွစတင္အားထုတ္ရန္ တိုက္တြန္းေလ့ရွိၾကသည္။
လက္ေတြ႔ရႈေထာင့္မွ ၾကည့္လွ်င္ ထိုအျခင္းအရာသည္ တရားအားထုတ္သူမ်ားအတြက္ အျငင္းပြားစရာ
ကိစၥတစ္ရပ္ မျဖစ္သင့္ပါေလ။ အသက္ရွဴတိုင္း သတိရွိေနလွ်င္ ထြက္ေလမွပင္စစ၊ ဝင္ေလမွပင္စစ
ေကာင္းျမတ္ေသာ စတင္ျခင္းခ်ည္းပင္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ အေရးအႀကီးဆံုးမွာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလအေပၚ သတိရွိေနရန္ပင္
ျဖစ္ပါသည္။</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">Dr. Ashin Visarada (Rammavati) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="bodytext" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <span class="paranum1">Ibid., III 82: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘‘Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>ānāpānassati </u></b>kathaṃ bahulīkatā
mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā
rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ
paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">satova<u> assasati </u>satova<u> passasati</u></b></i><u>.</u></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Vism. I 263:</span><span class="Heading1Char"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="bld1"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Assāso</span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ti bahi nikkhamanavāto. <span class="bld1">Passāso</span>ti anto pavisanavātoti <span class="bld1">vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ</span>
vuttaṃ. <span class="bld1">Suttantaṭṭhakathāsu</span> pana uppaṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ;</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
Pāli</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Text Society's Pāli-English dictionary, Volume
4, P.91 (</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The PTS</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dictionary gives the same definitions of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assāsa</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">passāsa</i> as in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i>
commentary. On the other hand, when PTS translates the compound of the two
words (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">assāsa-passāsa</i>), it
acknowledges as breathing in and out.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> </span>In
fact, it should be breathing out and in to coincide with the respective meaning
of them.). </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> qtd. in Vism. I 263: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tattha sabbesampi gabbhaseyyakānaṃ
mātukucchito nikkhamanakāle paṭhamaṃ abbhantaravāto bahi nikkhamati. Pacchā
bāhiravāto sukhumarajaṃ gahetvā abbhantaraṃ pavisanto tāluṃ āhacca nibbāyati.
Evaṃ tāva assāsapassāsā veditabbā.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="bodytext" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""></a><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pṭsm. 166: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Assāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V0.0160"></a>satiyā anugacchato
ajjhattaṃ vikkhepagatena cittena kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca
phanditā ca. Passāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchato bahiddhāvikkhepagatena
cittena kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā ca</i>; VismṬ. I
317: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Suttantanayena pana bahi
uṭṭhahitvāpi anto sasanato <b>assāso,</b> anto uṭṭhahitvāpi bahi sasanato <b>passāso</b>.
Ayameva ca nayo – </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">‘‘Assāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V1.0300"></a>satiyā anugacchato ajjhattaṃ vikkhepagatena cittena kāyopi
cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā cā’’ti,
‘‘passāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchato bahiddhā vikkhepagatena cittena
kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā cā’’ti</span></i><span lang="EN-SG" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">. </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> PṭsmA. II 470: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭhamacchakke <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="M2.0072"></a><span class="bld1">assāsādimajjhapariyosāna</span>nti abbhantarapavisanavātassa
nāsikaggaṃ vā mukhanimittaṃ vā ādi, hadayaṃ majjhaṃ, nābhi pariyosānaṃ; <span class="bld1">Passāsādimajjhapariyosāna</span>nti <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V2.0067"></a>bahinikkhamanavātassa
nābhi ādi, hadayaṃ majjhaṃ, nāsikaggaṃ vā mukhanimittaṃ vā bahiākāso vā
pariyosānaṃ.</i></span></div>
</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-85961055935592973252020-07-11T19:03:00.000-07:002020-07-11T19:17:56.085-07:00Concepts of Breathing Meditation (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းအေပၚ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc527036980"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518687837"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc518662185"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="_Toc506118518"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518662185;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc518687837;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc527036980;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Concepts of Breathing Meditation</span></b></span></span></span></a><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
word “breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">” is a compound
of breathing and meditation. Breathing is a process of air which moves in and
out of the lungs through nose or mouth. Naturally, from the beginning of life
to death, breathing is a constant physical process that delivers oxygen to the
body and expels carbon dioxide. Some scholars affirmatively stated that “the
breath is life; to stop breathing is to die.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Regarding the word meditation, it is an individual training of the mind tied to
meditation objects. Repeatedly setting the mind on the meditation objects to
cultivate good mental power against mental defilements is its function. Meditation
technique anchored in breathing is called breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Mindfulness is
the most important mental factor in breathing meditation. Therefore, this practice
is meaningfully entitled “Mindfulness of Breathing Meditation” or “Conscious
Awareness of Breathing Meditation”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">၄.၂ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းအေပၚ အျမင္သေဘာထားမ်ား</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း”
ဟူေသာ စကားလံုးသည္ “ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ” ႏွင့္ “ကမၼ႒ာန္း” ဟူေသာ စကားတို႔ ေပါင္းစပ္ထားေသာ
စကားျဖစ္သည္။ “ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ” ဟူသည္ အဆုပ္ထဲ ႏွင့္ အဆုပ္အျပင္သို႔ ႏွာေခါင္း (သို႔မဟုတ္)
ပါးစပ္မွတဆင့္ ေရြ႔လ်ားေနေသာ ေလအစဥ္အတန္း ျဖစ္သည္။ သဘာဝအားျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသည္ ေမြးစမွသည္
ေသသည္အထိ ေအာက္ဆီဂ်င္ဓာတ္ကို ကိုယ္တြင္းသို႔ ပို႔ေဆာင္ေပးၿပီး ကာဗြန္ဒိုင္ေအာက္ဆိုဒ္ဓာတ္ကို
စြန္႔ထုတ္ေပးေသာ အေတာမသတ္သည့္ ရုပ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ ျဖစ္စဥ္တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ေပသည္။ ပညာရွင္အခ်ိဳ႔က
“ဝင္သက္ထြက္သက္သည္ ဘဝ၊ ဝင္သက္ထြက္သက္မရွိျခင္းသည္ ေသဆံုးျခင္းပင္” ဟု ေထာက္ခံေျပာဆိုၾကေပသည္။
ကမၼ႒ာန္းဟူေသာ စကားလံုးႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍မူ ကမၼ႒ာန္းဟူသည္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ ခ်ည္ေႏွာင္ထားေသာ
တစ္ဦးခ်င္းစီ၏ စိတ္ ေလ့က်င့္မႈပင္ျဖစ္သည္။ ကိေလသာတရားမ်ားကို ဆန္႔က်င္၍ စိတ္စြမ္းရည္ေကာင္းမ်ားကို
တည္ေထာင္ႏိုင္ရန္အတြက္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ စိတ္ကို ထပ္တလဲလဲ တည္ရွိေစမႈသည္ ကမၼ႒ာန္း၏ လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ျဖစ္သည္။
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ၌ အထိုင္ခ်ထားေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းနည္းစနစ္ကို ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းဟု ေခၚဆိုသည္။
သတိသည္ကား ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း၌ အခရာအက်ဆံုး စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ အေၾကာင္းရင္း ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဤက်င့္စဥ္သည္ “ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ သတိပ႒ာန္ကမၼ႒ာန္း” (သို႔မဟုတ္) “ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိ
ႏိုးၾကားမႈ ကမၼ႒ာန္း” ဟူ၍ အဓိပၸါယ္ရွိစြာ အမည္ေပးျခင္း ခံရေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Concerning
the breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya</i> and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sutta Piṭakas</i>, the same description of mindfulness of breathing
meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>appears in many different settings. In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ᾱnāpānakathā </i>of the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Paṭisambhidāmagga</i>, many different kinds of knowledge of
mindfulness of breathing meditation are given and analyzed. In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">the
detailed instructions for the “practice” are mentioned. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍
တူညီေသာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း ေဟာၾကားခ်က္မ်ားသည္ ဝိနည္းႏွင့္ သုတၱန္ပိဋကတ္တို႔တြင္
ကြဲျပားသည့္ ေနာက္ခံဇာတ္လမ္းမ်ားစြာ၌ ေဖာ္ျပလာရွိသည္။ ပဋိသမၻိဒါမဂ္၊ အာနာပါနကထာတြင္
အမ်ိဳးအမည္ကြဲျပား မ်ားျပားလွစြာေသာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းဗဟုသတမ်ားကို ျပဆိုသရုပ္ခြဲေပးထားသည္။
ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္းတြင္ လက္ေတြ႔က်င့္ႀကံအားထုတ္ျခင္းအတြက္ အေသးစိတ္သင္ၾကားမႈမ်ားကို ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indeed,
the breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is the foremost mediation subject for all Buddhas,
some <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pacceka</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Buddhas</i> and some sons of Buddhas as the basic practice for the
attainment of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> As
mentioned above, for the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
this is his first mediation experience and he took this spiritual exercise to
achieve Buddha-hood<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>on the night of
awakening under the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bodhi</i> tree.
Furthermore, he mostly passed the rest of his life with this noble practice. In
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Icchānaṅgala Sutta</i>, the Buddha
said how much he engaged in breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thus:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">စင္စစ္ကား ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္
ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္အားလံုး၊ ပေစၥကဗုဒၶါအရွင္ျမတ္အခ်ိဳ႕ ႏွင့္ ဗုဒၶ၏တပည့္သားအခ်ိဳ႕တို႔အတြက္
နိဗၺာန္ကိုတက္လွမ္းရာ အေျခခံက်င့္စဥ္အျဖစ္ အထင္ကရျဖစ္ေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းတစ္ခုပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
အထက္တြင္ ဆိုခဲ့သည့္အတိုင္း၊ ဤဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ ဗုဒၶဘုရားရွင္အတြက္ ပထမဦးဆံုး
တရားအားထုတ္မႈ အေတြ႔အႀကံဳ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ၿပီး ေဗာဓိပင္ေအာက္ ဉာဏ္အလင္းပြင့္ရာည၌ ဘုရားအျဖစ္သို႔
ေရာက္ရွိရန္အတြက္လည္း ဤဉာဏ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကိုပင္ ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ေလသည္။ ထုိ႔အျပင္
ဗုဒၶသည္ သူ႔ဘဝ၏ လက္က်န္သက္တမ္းကိုလည္း ဤျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာက်င့္စဥ္ျဖင့္သာ အမ်ားဆံုး ျဖတ္ေက်ာ္ခဲ့ေလသည္။
ဣစၦာနဂၤလသုတၱန္၌၊ သူသည္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို မည္ေရြ႔မည္မွ် အားထုတ္ခဲ့သည္ကို ဤသို႔
မိန္႔ေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္ …</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Monks, if the recluses who believe in other
religions ask you that how <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gotama Buddha</i>
spends his time during the rainy season, you all have to reply that Buddha
usually spends his time during the rainy season engaging in concentration</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of
mindfulness of breathing meditation.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">ရဟန္းတို႔၊ သာသနာျပင္ပ
အယူရွိကုန္ေသာ ပရဗိုဇ္တို႔က ‘ရဟန္းေဂါတမသည္ မိုးလပတ္လံုး မည္သို႔ေနထိုင္ပါသနည္း’ ဟု
သင္တို႔ကို ေမးလာခဲ့လွ်င္၊ ‘ဗုဒၶသည္ မိုးလပတ္လံုး ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ သတိသမာဓိျဖင့္ အေနမ်ား၏’
ဟု သင္တို႔ ေျဖဆိုသင့္ၾက၏’။</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Moreover,
the advantage of mindfulness of breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was repeatedly extolled by the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vinaya Piṭaka</i>, when Ven. Ananda<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>requested the Buddha to preach a kind
of meditation which can help to stop suicide or desire for death of the monks
who practice the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">asubha bhāvanā,</i> and
which also can lead to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahatta Phala</i>,
then, the Buddha spoke of the mindfulness of breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thus:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ထို႔အျပင္၊ ဗုဒၶသည္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း၏ အားသာခ်က္ကိုလည္း ထပ္တလဲလဲ ခ်ီးက်ဴးေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္။ ဝိနည္းပိဋကေတာ္၌၊
မိမိကိုယ္ကိုသတ္ေသမႈကို ဟန္႔တားႏိုင္မည့္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) အသုဘကမၼ႒ာန္းကိုအားထုတ္ၾကသည့္
ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ား၏ ေသဆံုးလိုေသာဆႏၵကို ရပ္တန္႔ႏိုင္မည့္၊ အရဟတၱဖိုလ္သို႔လည္း ဆိုက္ေရာက္ႏိုင္မည့္
ကမၼ႒ာန္းတစ္မ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကို ေပးေတာ္မူပါရန္ အရွင္အာနႏၵာက ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကို ေတာင္းပန္ေလွ်ာက္ထားေသာအခါ
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားက ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို ဤသို႔ ေဟာမိန္႔ေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္ …</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Monk, when one cultivates and develops the
concentration</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of mindfulness of breathing, there is serene,
magnificent, perfect and contented living. Furthermore it instantaneously
vanquishes the evil immoral thoughts as soon as they happen.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ရဟန္းတို႔၊ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ သတိသမာဓိ ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
ေလ့လာပြားမ်ားသည္ရွိေသာ္ ၿငိမ္လည္းၿငိမ္သက္၏၊ မြန္လည္း မြန္ျမတ္၏၊ ျဖည့္စြက္စရာလည္းမလို၊
ခ်မ္းသာစြာလည္း ေနရ၏။ ထို႔အျပင္ ျဖစ္တိုင္းျဖစ္တိုင္းေသာ အကုသိုလ္ အယုတ္တရားမ်ား ကိုလည္း
ခ်က္ခ်င္းပင္ ကြယ္ေပ်ာက္ ၿငိမ္းေအးေစႏိုင္၏။ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">That
means the object of the breathing meditation is not as disgusting as that of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">asuba bāvana</i>. It is naturally still and<span style="background-color: white;"> <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">dignified</span> </span>in its own
way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, its object is
genuinely unadulterated and has no need to do any amendment as in Earth <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kasiṇa</i> meditation. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ဆိုလိုသည္မွာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုသည္
အသုဘကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုကဲ့သို႔ စက္ဆုပ္ရြံရွာဖြယ္ မဟုတ္။ သူ႔သဘာဝအားျဖင့္ပင္ ၿငိမ္သက္၏၊
သူ႔ပင္ကိုယ္အားျဖင့္ပင္ <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">တင့္တယ္၏</span>၊</span>
ထို႔အျပင္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုသည္ အမွန္အကန္ သန္႔ရွင္းစင္ၾကယ္၏၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ ပထဝီကသိုဏ္းကမၼ႒ာန္းကဲ့သုိ႔
မည္သည့္ျပင္ဆင္ျဖည့္စြက္မႈမ်ိဳးကိုမွ် ျပဳဖြယ္မလိုဟု ဆိုလိုေပသည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saṃyutta-nikāya</i>, the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>encouraged the monks to practice the breathing
meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thus: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">သံယုတၱနိကယ္၌ ျမတ္ဗုဒၶသည္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္ၾကရန္ ဤသို႔ အားေပးတိုက္တြန္းေတာ္မူခဲ့ေပသည္ … </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Monks, if a monk should desire, ‘may neither my body
nor my eyes become fatigue and may my mind be freed from the doubt without
attaching,’ he should practice well this concentration</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of
mindfulness of breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ရဟန္းတို႔၊ ရဟန္းသည္ အကယ္၍ ‘ငါ့ ကိုယ္သည္လည္း
မပင္ပန္းေစရာ၊ ငါ့မ်က္လံုးတို႔သည္လည္း မပင္ပန္းေစရာ၊ ငါ့ စိတ္သည္လည္း မစြဲလန္းမူ၍ အာသဝတို႔မွ
လြတ္ေျမာက္ရာ၏’ ဟု အလိုရွိပါမူ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ သတိ သမာဓိ ကမၼ႒ာန္းကိုသာ ေကာင္းစြာ ႏွလံုးသြင္းအပ္၏။
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
commentary <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sāratthappakāsinī</i>
explained why this practice is the most suitable for practitioners. A meditator
who takes the elements meditation (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dhātu-kammaṭṭhāna</i>)
finds excruciating pain in his body as if he were thrown into a machine. A
person who works on the devices meditation (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kasiṇa-kammatthānas</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>gets his eyes weary and shaken as
though they would drop out. However, when one abides contemplating on this
breathing meditation subject, neither does the body become fatigue nor do the
eyes hurt. Hence, the Buddha commended as above.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">သာရတၳပကာသိနီအ႒ကထာက
ဤဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ တရားအားထုတ္သူတို႔အတြက္ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ အသင့္ေတာ္ဆံုးျဖစ္သည္ကို
ရွင္းျပထား၏။ ဓာတ္ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္သူတစ္ေယာက္သည္ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>စက္ယႏၱရားေပၚ ပစ္တင္ခံရသူကဲ့သို႔ ကိုယ္ခႏၶာတြင္ ေဝဒနာျပင္းစြာ
ခံစားရတတ္၏။ ကသိုဏ္းကမၼ႒ာန္းမ်ားကို အားထုတ္သူသည္<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">မ်က္စိေညာင္းညာပင္ပန္းၿပီးလွ်င္
မ်က္လံုးျပဳတ္ထြက္သကဲ့သို႔ ကတုန္ကယင္ျဖစ္တတ္၏</span>။</span> သို႔ေသာ္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
အာရံုစြဲၿမဲေသာသူသည္ကား ကိုယ္ခႏၶာလည္း မပင္ပန္းမႏြမ္းနယ္သကဲ့သို႔ မ်က္လံုးေညာင္းညာ
ကိုက္ခဲျခင္းလည္း မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေပ။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ပင္ ဗုဒၶသည္ အထက္တြင္ဆိုခဲ့သည့္အတိုင္း
(ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို) ခ်ီးက်ဴးေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭhamabhikkhu Sutta</i>, the Buddha</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>asserted that by developing and repetitively
undertaking the breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, the four <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Satipaṭṭhāna</i> are accomplished. In the
same manner, the seven factors of enlightenment</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bojjhaṅga</i>)
are consecutively fulfilled. Then, the clear vision and liberation are finally
completed <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">with the similar
approach of the latter factors</span>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ပထမဘိကၡဳသုတၱန္၌ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
အားထုတ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ သတိပ႒ာန္တရား ေလးပါးကိုလည္း<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>ၿပီးေျမာက္ေစေၾကာင္း ျမတ္ဗုဒၶက အခိုင္အမာ မိန္႔ေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္။ ထို႔အတူ အစဥ္အတိုင္း
ေဗာဇၥ်င္တရားခုနစ္ပါးကိုလည္း ၿပီးေျမာက္ေစသည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ ေနာက္ေနာက္ေသာ
အဂၤါရပ္မ်ားကို နည္းတူခ်ည္းကပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ အသိဉာဏ္ (ဝိဇၨာ) ႏွင့္ လြတ္ေျမာက္မႈ (ဝိမုတၱိ)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>တို႔ကိုပါ ၿပီးေျမာက္ေစေလသည္။ </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Generally,
every practitioner of any meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>subject has some expectations. The
practitioners who engage in the breathing meditation, according to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dutiyaphala Sutta</i> of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saṃyutta-nikāya</i>,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>can look forward to the following seven
benefits: </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ မည္သည့္ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
အားထုတ္သူတိုင္းတြင္မဆို ေမွ်ာ္လင့္စရာအခ်ိဳ႕ ရွိၾကေပသည္။ သံယုတၱနိကာယ္၊ ဒုတိယဖလသုတၱန္အဆိုအရ
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္သူမ်ားသည္ ေအာက္ပါ အက်ိဳးထူးခုနစ္မ်ိဳးကို ေမွ်ာ္မွန္းႏိုင္ၾကေပသည္
…</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The
practitioner can achieve <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i>
in his current life. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Or
he can also accomplish it at the time of death. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Having
already destroyed five lower fetters<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>,
he can be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antarāparinibbāyi- Anāgāmī</i>
who attains the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">during the middle of
life-term if he does not attain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i>
even after death. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If
he does not become so, he can be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Upahiccaparinibbāyī-
Anāgāmī</i> who gets the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in over half of another life-term. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If
he does not become so, he can be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Asankhāraparinibbāyī-
Anāgāmī</i> who attains <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>without exertion. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">If
not so, he can be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sasankhāraparinibbāyī-
Anāgāmī</i> who attains <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with exertion.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Or
he can be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Udamsota-akanittha-Anāgāmī</i>
who goes up successive stages to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၁။
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို အားထုတ္သူသည္ ယခုဘဝမွာပင္ အရဟတၱဖိုလ္ကို ရႏိုင္သည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၂။
သို႔မဟုတ္ခဲ့မူ ေသခါနီးအခ်ိန္တြင္ အရဟတၱဖိုလ္ကို ရႏိုင္သည္။</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၃။
အကယ္၍ ေသၿပီးေနာက္တြင္ ရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္ မေရာက္ခဲ့ပါမူ ေအာက္သံေယာဇဥ္ငါးပါးကို ပယ္ရွားၿပီး၍
သက္တမ္းတစ္ဝက္အတြင္းမွာပင္ နိဗၺာန္ကို တက္လွမ္းႏိုင္ေသာ အႏၱရာပရိနိဗၺာယီ အနာဂါမ္ပုဂၢိဳလ္
ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၄။
ထိုသို႔မျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါမူ ေနာက္ဘဝသက္တမ္း ထက္ဝက္ေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္တြင္ နိဗၺာန္ကို မ်က္ေမွာက္ျပဳႏိုင္ေသာ
ဥပဟိစၥပရိနိဗၺာယီ အနာဂါမ္ပုဂၢိဳလ္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၅။
ထိုသို႔မျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါမူ ထူးထူးျခားျခားအားထုတ္ရမႈမရွိဘဲ နိဗၺာန္ကို မ်က္ေမွာက္ျပဳႏိုင္ေသာ
အသခၤါရပရိနိဗၺာယီ အနာဂါမ္ပုဂၢိဳလ္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၆။
ထိုသို႔မျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါမူ ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္မႈျဖင့္ နိဗၺာန္ကို မ်က္ေမွာက္ျပဳႏိုင္ေသာ သသခၤါရပရိနိဗၺာယီ
အနာဂါမ္ပုဂၢိဳလ္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">၇။
ထိုသို႔မျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါမူ ရဟႏၱာျဖစ္ဖို႔ရန္ အထက္အထက္ဘဝတို႔သို႔ သြားရေသာ ဥဒၶံေသာတ အကနိ႒
အနာဂါမ္ပုဂၢိဳလ္ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။ </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In
addition, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>stated another great fruit of breathing
meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thus: </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ထို႔အျပင္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း၏ အျခား ႀကီးက်ယ္ျမင့္ျမတ္သည့္ အက်ိဳးတရားတို႔ကို ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္းက
ဤသို႔ မိန္႔ဆိုထားေပသည္ …</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">A monk, who attained <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i> by developing any other subjects of meditation than by
focusing on breath, may be aware of his life term or not. However, the monk who
attained <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arahantship</i> by dedicating
himself to the breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">, with its sixteen steps in four tetrads, is surely
able to specify his life term.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကို ရႈမွတ္ျခင္းထက္ အျခားကမၼ႒ာန္းတစ္ခုခုကို
ပြားမ်ားျခင္းျဖင့္ ရဟႏၱာျဖစ္လာေသာ ရဟန္းေတာ္သည္ သူ႔သက္တမ္းကို သိလွ်င္လည္း သိမည္၊
မသိဘဲလည္း ရွိႏိုင္သည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ စတုကၠေလးပါးလာ အဆင့္ဆယ့္ေျခာက္ဆင့္ျဖင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
အားထုတ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ရဟႏၱာ ျဖစ္လာေသာ ရဟန္းေတာ္သည္ကား သူ႔အသက္တမ္းကို ေသခ်ာေပါက္ သတ္မွတ္ႏိုင္စြမ္းရွိေလသည္။</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">According
to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta</i>, the
breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is a kind of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kāyānupassanā satipaṭṭhāna</i>. Therefore, as mentioned in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta</i>, this practice is
for conquering grief and anguish, for disappearance of misery, <span class="a">for
getting the correct way and for attainment of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nibbāna</i></span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္
</span><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">မဟာသတိပ႒ာနသုတၱန္အရ ကာယာႏုပႆနာသတိပ႒ာန္တစ္မ်ိဳးပင္
ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဤ (</span><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း) က်င့္စဥ္သည္ </span><span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">မဟာသတိပ႒ာနသုတၱန္၌ မိန္႔ဆိုထားသည့္အတိုင္း
စိုးရိမ္ပူေဆြးမႈ ေသာကပရိေဒဝတို႔ကို ေက်ာ္လႊားလြန္ေျမာက္ႏိုင္ဖို႔၊ ကိုယ္ဆင္းရဲ-ဒုကၡ
စိတ္ဆင္းရဲ-ေဒါမနႆတို႔ကို ခ်ဳပ္ၿငိမ္းေစဖို႔၊ မွန္ကန္ေသာလမ္းေၾကာင္း-အရိယာမဂ္ကို ရႏိုင္ဖို႔၊
နိဗၺာန္ကို မ်က္ေမွာက္ျပဳဖို႔ရန္ ျဖစ္ေပသည္။ </span></div>
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<span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Concerning
the practice of breathing meditation</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
i</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">n
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anāpānasati Sutta</i>, the Buddha
openly articulated thus:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္သည္ အာနာပါနသတိသုတၱန္၌
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းက်င့္စဥ္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ဤသို႔ ပြင့္ပြင့္လင္းလင္း ရွင္းရွင္းျပတ္ျပတ္
မိန္႔ဆိုထားေပသည္ …</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 1.0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Monks, I do
not declare the development of mindfulness of breathing for one who is
absentminded and unmindful.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif";">ရဟန္းတို႔၊ သတိလြတ္ကင္း ဆင္ျခင္ႏိုင္စြမ္းမရွိသူအား
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလသတိပြားမ်ားမႈကို
ငါ မေဟာ။<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">That
means to pay much more attention purposefully to the breaths, and not to be
reluctant. Hence, an intelligent person who knows the value of mindfulness of
breathing meditation</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>should dedicate himself to it with his best
endeavor as said by Ācariya Buddhaghosa <span class="a">at the end of the</span>
part of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anāpānasatikathā</i> of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Visuddhimagga</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ထိုမိန္႔ဆိုေတာ္မူခ်က္သည္
ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ၌ ဟုတ္ဟုတ္ပတ္ပတ္ အာရံုစူးစိုက္မႈ ပိုမိုျပဳရန္ တိုက္တြန္းလိုျခင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး၊
စိတ္ပ်က္လက္ေလွ်ာ့ အင္တင္တင္ျဖစ္ရန္ ဆိုလိုသည္ မဟုတ္ေပ။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း၏
တန္ဖိုးကို ေကာင္းစြာသိျမင္ ပညာ့ရွင္သည္ ဝိသုဒၶိမဂ္က်မ္း အာနာပါနသတိကထာနိဂံုးတြင္ ဆရာျမတ္
အရွင္ဗုဒၶေဃာသ မိန္႔ေတာ္မူခဲ့သကဲ့သို႔ အေကာင္းဆံုးႀကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္မႈျဖင့္ ထိုကမၼ႒ာန္းတြင္
မိမိကိုယ္ကို ရင္းႏွီးျမဳပ္ႏွံသင့္ၾကပါသတည္း။</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "zawgyi-one" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dr. Ashin Visarada (Rammavati) </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></u></b></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Buddhadāsa Bhikkhu, Mindfulness with Breathing,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sri
Lanka</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
Buddhist Cultural Center</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">,
2002), v.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Vism. I 261: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Atha vā yasmā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānappabhede
muddhabhūtaṃ sabbaññubuddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ visesādhigamadiṭṭhadhammasukha-vihārapadaṭṭhānaṃ
ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> S. V 326: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sace kho, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ –
‘katamenāvuso, vihārena samaṇo gotamo vassāvāsaṃ bahulaṃ vihāsī’ti, evaṃ puṭṭhā
tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha –
‘ānāpānassatisamādhinā kho, āvuso, bhagavā vassāvāsaṃ bahulaṃ vihāsī’ti.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Vin. III 70: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘‘ayampi kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi
bhāvito bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro
uppannuppanne <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="T1.0132"></a>ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso
antaradhāpeti vūpasameti.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> S. V 317: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cepi ākaṅkheyya – ‘neva me kāyo kilameyya
na cakkhūni, anupādāya ca me āsavehi cittaṃ vimucceyyā’ti, ayameva
ānāpānassatisamādhi sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbo.</i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> SA. III 264: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aṭṭhame <span class="bld1">neva kāyopi
kilamati na cakkhūnī</span>ti aññesu hi kammaṭṭhānesu kammaṃ karontassa kāyopi
kilamati, cakkhūnipi vihaññanti. Dhātukammaṭṭhānasmiñhi kammaṃ karontassa kāyo
kilamati, yante pakkhipitvā pīḷanākārappatto viya hoti. Kasiṇakammaṭṭhāne kammaṃ
karontassa cakkhūni phandanti kilamanti, nikkhamitvā patanākārappattāni viya
honti. Imasmiṃ pana kammaṭṭhāne kammaṃ karontassa neva kāyo kilamati, na
akkhīni vihaññanti. Tasmā evamāha. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V3.0296"></a></i></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> S. V 334: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘‘Ānāpānassatisamādhi kho, bhikkhave, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato
cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta
bojjhaṅge paripūrenti, satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ
paripūrentī’’ti</i>.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Five lower fetters are: (1)
Sensual lust (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kāmarāgasaṁyojana</i>), (2)
Aversion (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paṭighasaṃyojana</i>), (3)
Wrong view (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Diṭṭhisaṃyojana</i>), (4)
Adherence to rites and ceremonies (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silabbataparāmāsasaṃyojana</i>),
and (5) Doubt (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vicikicchāsaṃyojana</i>). </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> S. V 314: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘‘Evaṃ bhāvitāya kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatiyā evaṃ bahulīkatāya satta
phalā sattānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā. Katame satta phalā sattānisaṃsā? Diṭṭheva dhamme
paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti; no ce diṭṭheva dhamme paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti. Atha
maraṇakāle aññaṃ ārādheti; no ce diṭṭheva dhamme paṭikacca aññaṃ ārādheti<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="T5.0398"></a>, no ce maraṇakāle aññaṃ ārādheti. Atha pañcannaṃ
orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā antarāparinibbāyī hoti…
upahaccaparinibbāyī hoti… asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī hoti… sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī
hoti… uddhaṃsoto <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="V3.0385"></a>hoti akaniṭṭhagāmī – evaṃ bhāvitāya <a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/null" name="M3.0274"></a>kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatiyā evaṃ bahulīkatāya ime satta
phalā sattānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti.</i></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> Vism. I 283: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ito aññaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā arahattaṃ
pattassa bhikkhuno hi āyuantaraṃ paricchinnaṃ vā hoti aparicchinnaṃ vā. Idaṃ
pana soḷasavatthukaṃ ānāpānassatiṃ bhāvetvā arahattaṃ pattassa āyuantaraṃ
paricchinnameva hoti.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> D. II 290: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘‘Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṃ
samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa
sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/3/blogger.g?blogID=1602759843542697109&useLegacyBlogger=true#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> M. III 85: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nāhaṁ bhikkhave muṭṭhasatissa asampajānassa ānāpānasatiṁ vadhāmi.</i></span></div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-88409392500566754272020-07-10T08:29:00.001-07:002020-07-10T08:41:07.697-07:00Process of Nimitta in Breathing Meditation (ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း၌ နိမိတ္ျဖစ္စဥ္)<div style="text-align: justify;">
In Myanmar Buddhist tradition, most Buddhists take eight precepts a day per week. After taking the precepts, they listen to the Dhamma talk given by a monk. Then, they engage in any of meditation subjects, especially Buddhā-nusati or ānāpānasati or vipassanā meditation subject almost the whole day at a monastery. </div>
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ျမန္မာ့ဗုဒၶဘာသာ အစဥ္အလာတြင္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္အမ်ားစုသည္ တစ္ပတ္လွ်င္တစ္ရက္ ရွစ္ပါးသီလေဆာက္တည္ေလ့ရွိၾက၏။ ရွစ္ပါးသီလေဆာက္တည္ၿပီးေနာက္ ရဟန္းေတာ္တစ္ပါးပါး ေဟာၾကားေသာ တရားဓမၼကို နာယူေလ့ရွိၾက၏။ ထို႔ေနာက္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းတစ္ခုခုကို အားထုတ္ေလ့ရွိၾက၏။ အထူးသျဖင့္ ဘုန္းေတာ္ႀကီးေက်ာင္းတြင္ ဗုဒၶါႏုႆတိ၊ အာနာပါနႆတိ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ဝိပႆနာကမၼ႒ာန္းကို တစ္ေနကုန္နီးပါး ရႈမွတ္အားထုတ္ေလ့ ရွိၾကေလသည္။ </div>
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Among them, in this chapter, Buddhā-nusati and vipassanā meditation subjects will be skipped because they are not concerned with the process of three kinds of samatha nimittas. Only ānāpānassati meditation subject will be emphasized from the historical background to the process of nimittas. </div>
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ထုိကမၼ႒ာန္းမ်ားထဲမွ ဗုဒၶါႏုႆတိႏွင့္ ဝိပႆနာကမၼ႒ာန္းတို႔မွာ သမထနိမိတ္သံုးမ်ိဳး အဆင့္ဆင့္ တိုးတက္မႈႏွင့္ သက္ဆိုင္ျခင္းမရွိသျဖင့္ ၎ကမၼ႒ာန္းတို႔ကို ဤက႑တြင္ မေဖာ္ျပဘဲ ခ်န္လွပ္ ထားခဲ့မည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ အာနာပါနကမၼ႒ာန္းတစ္ခုတည္းကိုသာ ေနာက္ခံသမိုင္းေၾကာင္းမွသည္ နိမိတ္သံုးမ်ိဳး အဆင့္ဆင့္တိုးတက္ပံုအထိ အေလးအနက္ ေဖာ္ျပသြားမည္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ </div>
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<b>4.1. The History of Buddhist Breathing Meditation (Ᾱnāpānasati) </b></div>
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The breathing meditation (ānāpānasati) is a samatha meditation subject of Buddhists. But it can be doubt that it might be influenced by other religions because there were many religious practitioners before the Buddha in India, and even the Bodhisattha himself also got into meditation technique under the guideline of recluses namely Ālāra Kālāma and Udaka at the beginning of his renouncing royal life. Indeed, even he undertook some meditation techniques under the guideline of these recluses, it can be definitely said that the Buddhist breathing meditation technique was not influenced by other religions according to some Pali texts.
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<b>၄.၁ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တို႔၏ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသမိုင္း
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ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္း (အာနာပါနသတိ) သည္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တို႔၏ သမထကမၼ႒ာန္းတစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ အိႏၵိယ၌ ဗုဒၶမေပၚထြန္းခင္ကပင္ ဘာသာေရးက်င့္စဥ္မ်ားကို က်င့္ႀကံၾကသူ မ်ားစြာရွိႏွင့္ေနခဲ့ၾကျခင္းႏွင့္ ဘုရားေလာင္းကိုယ္ေတာ္တိုင္ပင္လွ်င္ နန္းစည္းစိမ္ကို စြန္႔ခြါခါစ ကနဦးကာလ၌ အာဠာရကာဠာမ ႏွင့္ ဥဒက ဟုအမည္ရေသာ ရေသ့ဆရာႀကီးတို႔ထံ တရားအားထုတ္နည္းမ်ားကို နည္းခံက်င့္သံုးခဲ့ေသးေလရာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တုိ႔၏ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ အျခားဘာသာတရားမ်ား၏ ၾသဇာလႊမ္းမိုးမႈ ရွိေကာင္းရွိႏိုင္သည္ဟု သံသယျဖစ္ဖြယ္ ရွိေနေပသည္။ စင္စစ္တြင္ ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ ထိုရေသ့ဆရာႀကီးတို႔ထံ နည္းခံက်င့္ႀကံခဲ့ေသးသည္ မွန္ေသာ္လည္း၊ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တို႔၏ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းသည္ အျခားဘာသာတရားမ်ား၏ လႊမ္းမိုးမႈကို ခံခဲ့ရျခင္းမရွိေၾကာင္း အခ်ိဳ႔ေသာ ပါဠိစာေပမ်ားအရ တပ္အပ္က် ေျပာဆိုနိုင္ေပသည္။ </div>
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In the commentary of the Majjima-nikāya, it was already documented about the unprecedented breathing mediation of Prince Gautama. Once he was taken along with his father, King Suddhodana, to the ploughing festival held in the Kingdom of Kapilavattu. While the king was ploughing, the young prince was kept safely under the cool shade of a big rose-apple tree with the maids. </div>
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မဇၥ်ိမနိကာယ အ႒ကထာတြင္ သိဒၶတၳမင္းသားေလး၏ မႀကံဳစဖူး ထူးကဲလွေသာ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအေၾကာင္းကို မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားခဲ့ေပသည္။ တစ္ခါေသာ္ သိဒၶတၳမင္းသားသည္ ကပိလဝတ္ျပည္၌ က်င္းပေသာ သူ႔ဖခင္ ဘုရင္သုေဒၶါဒန လယ္ထြန္မဂၤလာျပဳရာသို႔ ေခၚေဆာင္သြားျခင္း ခံရေလသည္။ ဘုရင္ လယ္ထြန္မဂၤလာျပဳေနစဥ္ မင္းသားငယ္ကို အထိန္းေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္အတူ သေျပပင္ႀကီးတစ္ပင္၏ အရိပ္ေအးေအးတြင္ လံုၿခံဳစိတ္ခ်စြာ ထားရွိၾကေလသည္။ </div>
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At the time of height of gaiety of occasion, the maids sneaked out to catch sight of the glorious festival scene. Left alone, the Bodhisatta, meanwhile, quickly sat up in the lotus position and started engaging himself in breathing meditation. Thereby he attained the first jhāna. It was the pure origin of Buddhist breathing meditation, under no other religions’ impact. </div>
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ေပ်ာ္ပြဲသဘင္ အထြဋ္အထိပ္သို႔ ေရာက္ခ်ိန္တြင္မူ အထိန္းေတာ္မ်ားသည္ ပြဲေတာ္ကို ၾကည့္ရႈျခင္းငွါ ခိုးထြက္သြားၾကေလသည္။ ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ တစ္ဦးတည္းက်န္ခဲ့စဥ္အတြင္း လ်င္ျမန္စြာထ၍ ထက္ဝယ္ဖြဲ႕ေခြထိုင္လိုက္ၿပီးလွ်င္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းကို စတင္အားထုတ္ခဲ့သည္။ ထိုသို႔ျဖင့္ သူသည္ ပထမစ်ာန္အဆင့္အထိ ေရာက္ရွိခဲ့ေလသည္။ ထိုကမၼ႒ာန္းကား အျခားမည္သည့္ဘာသာေရးသက္ေရာက္မႈမဆိုမွ လြတ္ကင္းသည့္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တို႔၏ စင္ၾကယ္ရွင္းသန္႔ေသာ မူလဘူတ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းပင္ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ေလသည္။ </div>
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At the age of twenty-nine, after renunciation of the royal life, Prince Gautama initially approached the distinguished hermit Ᾱlāra Kālāma and leant his doctrine and practice. He easily attained the seven mundane absorptions (up to ākin͂can͂n͂āyatana jhāna). However, he soon found out the defect, that is, the dogma of Ᾱlāra Kālāma could not lead to the highest truth, Nibbāna, and thus he departed from this sect-leader. </div>
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သိဒၶတၳမင္းသားသည္ ထီးနန္းစည္းစိမ္ကို စြန္႔ခြါၿပီးေနာက္ သက္ေတာ္ (၂၉) ႏွစ္အရြယ္တြင္ ေက်ာ္ၾကားထင္ရွားေသာ ရေသ့ဆရာႀကီး အာဠာရကာလာမထံ ဦးစြာခ်ည္းကပ္ၿပီးလွ်င္ ထိုရေသ့ႀကီး၏ အယူဝါဒႏွင့္ က်င့္စဥ္ကို သင္ယူခဲ့သည္။ သူသည္ ေလာကီစ်ာန္ခုနစ္ပါး (အာကိဉၥညာယတနစ်ာန္အထိ) သို႔ လြယ္လင့္တကူ တက္လွမ္းႏိုင္ခဲ့သည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ရေသ့ဆရာ အာဠာရကာလာမ၏ အယူဝါဒသည္ အျမင့္ဆံုးသစၥာ နိဗၺာန္တရားသို႔ေရာက္ေအာင္ မစြမ္းေဆာင္ႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း အားနည္းခ်က္ကို မၾကာမတင္ ေတြ႔ျမင္ခဲ့ၿပီးလွ်င္ ဤဂိုဏ္းဆရာႀကီးကို စြန္႔ခြါခဲ့ေလသည္။ </div>
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Then on seeking for the bliss of Nibbāna, he met the other famous ascetic Udaka and practiced his doctrine. Before long, he gained the eight mundane absorptions (up to nevasan͂n͂ā-nāsan͂n͂āyatana jhāna). Yet, he was not satisfied with that attainment because of realizing the fact that the doctrine of Udaka is not the right way to achieve cessation of suffering. Then, he left the recluse and stayed in the Uruvelā forest to undertake his own meditation. </div>
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ထို႔ေနာက္ သူသည္ အျမတ္ဆံုးနိဗၺာန္ခ်မ္းသာကို ရွာေဖြရင္း အျခားထင္ရွားသည့္ ရေသ့ဆရာႀကီးဥဒကႏွင့္ ဆံုေတြ႔ခဲ့ရျပန္သည္။ မၾကာမတင္ပင္လွ်င္ ေလာကီစ်ာန္ရွစ္ပါး (ေနဝသညာနာသညာယတနစ်ာန္ အထိ) လွမ္းတက္ႏိုင္ခဲ့သည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ ဥဒက၏ အယူဝါဒသည္ ဒုကၡလြတ္ရာကို ရရွိႏိုင္ေလာက္သည့္ လမ္းေၾကာင္းမွန္မဟုတ္ေသးေၾကာင္း သေဘာေပါက္ လာေသာေၾကာင့္ ထိုေအာင္ျမင္မႈမွ်ျဖင့္ သူ ေက်နပ္မေနခဲ့ေပ။ ထို႔ေနာက္ သူသည္ ရေသ့ႀကီးကို စြန္႔ခြါခဲ့ၿပီးလွ်င္ သူ၏ကိုယ္ပိုင္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို က်င့္သံုးရန္အတြက္ ဥေရာေဝလေတာတြင္ ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ေလသည္။ </div>
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The Bodhisatta practised very difficult exercises so called dhukkaracariyā about six years. During this period, due to having very little food, his body became extremely emaciated, his limbs became like the stem of water convolvulus vine or of moonseed vine, his buttock became like a camel’s hoof, his backbone stood out like a string of beads, his ribs stuck out like chaotic rafters of an old shed, his eyes was haggard like shallow water in a deep well, his scalp shriveled like a green bitter gourd which is shriveled by heat and wind. He had held his backbone when he touched with the thought of touching his belly, he had held his belly when he touched with the thought of touching his backbone, and his belly came closer to backbone. When he tried to urinate or defecate, he fell over right there. When he stroked his body, the rotted roots of body hair fell out. </div>
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ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္သည္ ဒုကၠရစရိယာဟုေခၚေသာ အလြန္ခက္ခဲသည့္ က်င့္စဥ္မ်ားကို ေျခာက္ႏွစ္ခန္႔မွ် က်င့္ႀကံေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္။ ထိုအေတာအတြင္းတြင္ အစာအာဟာရနည္းပါးမႈေၾကာင့္ သူ႔ကိုယ္ခႏၶာသည္ အလြန္အမင္း ပိန္ခ်ံဳ႔ခ်ည့္နဲ႔လာခဲ့၏။ သူ၏ အဂၤါႀကီးငယ္တို႔သည္ ကန္စြန္းႏြယ္၏ ရိုးတံဆစ္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ႏြယ္ပုပ္ ႏြယ္ငန္းတို႔၏ ရိုးတံဆစ္တို႔ကဲ့သို႔လည္းေကာင္း ျဖစ္လာခဲ့သည္။ သူ၏ တင္ပါးဆံုသည္ ကုလားအုတ္၏ခြာကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္လာခဲ့သည္။ သူ႔ ေက်ာကုန္းရိုးသည္ ပုတီးကုန္းကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာခဲ့သည္။ သူ႕ နံရိုးတို႔သည္ ဇရပ္အို၏ ဖရိုဖရဲျဖစ္ေနေသာ အျခင္တို႔ကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္လာခဲ့သည္။ သူ႕ မ်က္လံုးတို႔သည္ နက္ရိႈင္းေသာေရတြင္း၌ ေရအနည္းငယ္ကဲ့သို႔ မ်က္တြင္းေခ်ာင္က်လာခဲ့သည္။ သူ႔ ဦးေရခြံသည္ ေလပူ ေနပူေၾကာင့္ ရံႈ႕တြေနေသာ ဗူးခါးသီးစိမ္းနုနုကဲ့သို႔ ရံႈ႕တြလာခဲ့သည္။ သူသည္ ဝမ္းေရကို သံုးသပ္အံ့၏ သံုးသပ္ေသာ္ ေက်ာကုန္းရိုးကို ကိုင္မိ၏။ ေက်ာကုန္းရိုးကို သံုးသပ္အံ့ဟု သံုးသပ္ေသာ္ ဝမ္းေရကို ကိုင္မိ၏။ သူ၏ ဝမ္းေရသည္ ေက်ာကုန္းရိုနား ကပ္ေနခဲ့၏။ က်င္ငယ္ (သို႔မဟုတ္) က်င္ႀကီးစြန္႔အံ့ဟု သြားေသာ္ ထိုေနရာ၌ပင္ လဲက်၏။ လက္ျဖင့္ ကိုယ္ကို ပြတ္သပ္ေသာ္ အျမစ္ေဆြးေနေသာ အေမြးတို႔သည္ ကၽြတ္ထြက္ကုန္ေလသည္။ </div>
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After six years, the Bodhisattha realized that though he practised extreme asceticism, he could not accomplish enlightenment in this way. He ratiocinated that there must be another way. Then, he remembered his first experience of having the first jhāna by way of breathing meditation when he was a child. He considered that the practice of this spiritual experience must definitely be the way to achieve enlightenment. Then, he resumed taking food and tried to regain the first jhāna by way of breathing meditation technique. Finally, at the age of thirty five, on the Full-moon day of Vesakha, he achieved the knowledge of Four Noble Truths and attained the Buddhahood. Therefore, it can be definitely said that the Buddhist breathing meditation technique was not influenced by other religions. </div>
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ေျခာက္ႏွစ္ၾကာၿပီးေနာက္ ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္သည္ လြန္ကဲျပင္းထန္ေသာ ၿခိဳးျခံေခါင္းပါးသည့္ အက်င့္ကို သူ က်င့္သံုးပါေသာ္လည္း ဤနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ဉာဏ္အလင္းကို မရႏိုင္ေၾကာင္း သေဘာေပါက္နားလည္ခဲ့၏။ အျခားနည္းလမ္းရွိရမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေၾကာင္းက်ိဳးသင့္ စဥ္းစားဆင္ျခင္မိ ခဲ့၏။ ထိုမွသည္ သူ ကေလးဘဝတုန္းက ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ပထမစ်ာန္ကို ရရွိခဲ့ဖူးေၾကာင္းကို အမွတ္ရလာခဲ့၏။ ဤ စိတ္ပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာအေတြ႔အႀကံဳသည္ ဉာဏ္အလင္းကို ရရွိျခင္းငွါ ေသခ်ာေသာလမ္းစဥ္ ျဖစ္ရမည္ဟု သူ စဥ္းစားမိခဲ့၏။ ထို႔ေနာက္ သူသည္ အစာအာဟာရကို ျပန္စားၿပီးလွ်င္ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ပထမစ်ာန္ကို ျပန္လည္ရရွိေအာင္ ႀကိဳးစားခဲ့ေလသည္။ ေနာက္ဆံုးတြင္ သက္ေတာ္ ၃၅ ႏွစ္အရြယ္အတြင္း ကဆုန္လျပည့္ေန႔၌ သစၥာေလးပါးကို သိျမင္ေတာ္မူခဲ့ၿပီးလွ်င္ ဘုရားအျဖစ္သို႔ ေရာက္ရွိေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္တို႔၏ ဝင္ေလထြက္ေလကမၼ႒ာန္းနည္းလမ္းကို အျခားဘာသာတရားမ်ား၏ လႊမ္းမိုးမႈမရွိေၾကာင္း ေသခ်ာေပါက္ ေျပာဆိုႏိုင္ေပသည္။ </div>
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Dr. Ashin Visarada (Rammavati)
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Ashin Visaradahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16386347905484294213noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-17004566200699926002018-02-25T21:08:00.002-08:002018-03-11T23:22:49.436-07:00ပရိတ္ေတာ္ အေမးအေျဖ လကၤာမ်ား<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ) က ေမးျမန္း၍ ဒြါရာဝတီအရွင္ကုသလ (ေငြသဇင္-သံတြဲ) က ျပန္လည္ေျဖဆိုေသာ ပရိတ္ေတာ္အေမးအေျဖ လကၤာမ်ားျဖစ္ပါသည္။<br />
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"မဂၤလသုတ္ပရိတ္ေတာ္ အေမး"<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaxcTv-BRugmQVhzmr-gVBKbgaa1MHw8h6Xs-1I-QJrsFz1fOV_DADQWWV8VISeOwVI7WfixQAAbXlISdfXP4vaEhxXdY0ynna3OA8IabOB5R6qHc3_hQcMgfq55OCWlZ7VJX1RSUrkILf/s1600/28056096_1603919396356696_4041515453019668264_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="438" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaxcTv-BRugmQVhzmr-gVBKbgaa1MHw8h6Xs-1I-QJrsFz1fOV_DADQWWV8VISeOwVI7WfixQAAbXlISdfXP4vaEhxXdY0ynna3OA8IabOB5R6qHc3_hQcMgfq55OCWlZ7VJX1RSUrkILf/s640/28056096_1603919396356696_4041515453019668264_n.jpg" width="361" /></a><br />
ထင္ေသာ္လည္း ထင္ေသာ္<br />
မဂၤလာ ထိုသေဘာကို<br />
ေစာေၾကာမေပၚ။<br />
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နတ္လူတို႔ ျငင္းခံုေသာ္<br />
နတ္အေက်ာ္ မေနအား၊<br />
ဘုရားထံ အေရာက္သြားလို႔<br />
ၾကားေလွ်ာက္ၫြတ္တြား။<br />
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ျမတ္ဘုရား မိန္႔ေတာ္မူ<br />
အကုသိုလ္ ဖိန္႔တုန္ရွားတဲ့<br />
တရားမွန္ကူ၊<br />
မဂၤလာလို႔အမွန္ယူ<br />
နတ္လူတို႔ က်င့္ေစသား။<br />
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ဘယ္ႏွစ္ပါး အျမင္ကူပါမွ<br />
မဂၤလာ အယူေျမာက္ပါ့မယ္<br />
ျမတ္မဥၨဴ ပရိတ္ပန္းကို<br />
ျမန္းဆင္ဖို႔ၾကား။<br />
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ရိုေသစြာျဖင့္<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)<br />
22/ 02/ 2018<br />
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"မဂၤလသုတ္ပရိတ္ေတာ္ အေျဖ"<br />
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* ထင္ေသာ္လည္း ထင္ေသာ္။<br />
မဂၤလာ ထုိသေဘာကုိ<br />
ေစာေႀကာမေပၚ။<br />
နတ္လူတုိ႕ ျငင္းခုံေသာ္<br />
နတ္အေက်ာ္ မေနအား။<br />
ဘုရားထံ အေရာက္သြားလုိ႕<br />
ႀကားေလ်ွာက္ညြတ္တြား။<br />
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*ျမတ္ဘုရား မိန္႕ေတာ္မူ။<br />
အကုသုိလ္ ဖိန္႕တုန္ရွားတဲ႔<br />
တရား မွန္ကူ။<br />
မဂၤလာလုိ႕ အမွန္ယူ<br />
နတ္လူတုိ႕က်င့္ေစသား။<br />
သုံးဆယ့္ရွစ္ျဖာ အျမင္ကူပါမွ<br />
မဂၤလာ အယူေျမာက္ပါလိမ့္<br />
သူသူငါ မဂၤလပရိတ္ပန္းကုိျဖင့္<br />
ျမန္းဆင္ လုိ႕ထား။ ။<br />
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ေငြသဇင္(သံတဲြ)<br />
22/ 02/ 2018</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-23226978631363743852014-10-16T22:53:00.003-07:002014-10-16T22:56:56.120-07:00ဘာ့ေၾကာင့္ၿငိမ္ၿငိမ္ထိုင္ရတယ္ (ေလာကဓမၼ ဒႆနစာစုမ်ား) ဤစာအုပ္တြင္-<br />- ဘာသာဝင္ဦးေရတိုးေအာင္ သာသနာျပဳသင့္သလား။<br />- သားရွင္ျပဳအလွဴ လွဴၾကသူမ်ားအေၾကာင္း။<br />- ညီခ်င္လွ်င္ ညြတ္ေပးရသည့္ သီအိုရီ။<br />- တရားအားထုတ္မႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္သည့္ အယူအဆမ်ား။<br />- ကေလးမ်ား၏ အနာဂတ္။<br />- လူတစ္ေယာက္ေသဆံုးလွ်င္ ေရအိုးခြဲသည့္ အယူအဆ မွန္/မမွန္။<br />-
သမီးရည္းစားရင္ၾကားေစ့ေရးႏွင့္ အမ်ိဳးသားရင္ၾကားေစ့ေရး စသည့္ ေလာက
ဓမၼေရးရာ စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္ရာ အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ားကို ေရးသားစုစည္းထားပါသည္။ <br />
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</span>အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-25774370652866127772014-08-22T11:41:00.001-07:002014-08-22T11:41:13.086-07:00သာသနာတည္ေၾကာင္းတရား (၇) ပါး<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}">ကိုထူး။ ။ ဗုဒၶသာသနာေတာ္ဟာ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕လူေတြ ေျပာေနၾကသလို အေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံေတြဘက္မွာ ထြန္းလင္းလာစရာအေၾကာင္း ရွိပါသလားဘုရား။ <br /> <br />
အရွင္။ ။ သာသနာေတာ္ဟာ အာရွမွာတည္လိမ့္မယ္၊ အေနာက္ ဥေရာပမွာတည္လိမ့္မယ္၊
အာဖရိကမွာတည္လိမ့္မယ္လို႔ေတာ့ တပ္အပ္က် ေျပာလို႔ မရပါဘူး။ အဲသလို
ေဟာေတာ္မူထားခဲ့တဲ့ ေဒသနာေတာ္လည္း မရွိပါဘူး။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း အေၾကာင္းတရား
ခုနစ္ပါးနဲ႔ ျပည့္စံုတဲ့ ေနရာေတြမွာ သာသနာတည္ေတာ္မူလိမ့္မယ္ဆိုၿပီး
အဂၤုတၱိဳရ္၊<span class="text_exposed_show"> သတၱကနိပါတ္၊
ေဒဝတာဝဂ္မွာလာရွိတဲ့ အပၸမာဒဂါရဝသုတၱန္စတဲ့ ေဒသနာေတာ္ေတြကို ကိုးကားၿပီး
ဆရာျမတ္ေတြ ေျဖဆိုေတာ္မူထားၾကတာေတြ ရွိတယ္ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။ <br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ အဲဒီ အေၾကာင္းတရား (၇) ပါးကို သိပါရေစဘုရား။<br /><br /> အရွင္။ ။ ေကာင္းၿပီ၊ ေသခ်ာမွတ္ပါ။<br /> (၁) သက္ေတာ္ထင္ရွား ျမတ္စြာဘုရားအေပၚမွာ၊ ဓာတ္ေတြ ေမြေတာ္ ေစတီေတာ္ေတြအေပၚမွာ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈရွိျခင္း။<br /> <br /> (၂) မဂ္ေလးပါး၊ ဖိုလ္ေလးပါး၊ နိဗၺာန္၊ ပရိယတၱိဓမၼ ဆိုတဲ့ တရားေတာ္ေတြ အေပၚမွာ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈ ရွိျခင္း။<br /> <br /> (၃) ဒီေန႔မွ သာမေဏဝတ္ခါစ ကိုရင္ေလးကစၿပီး သီလရွိတဲ့ရဟန္းသံဃာေတြ အေပၚမွာ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈရွိျခင္း။<br /> <br /> (၄) သီလ၊ သမာဓိ၊ ပညာလို႕ဆိုအပ္တဲ့ သိကၡာသံုးပါးအေပၚမွာ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈရွိျခင္း။<br /> <br /> (၅) တည္ၾကည္ၿငိမ္သက္မႈ သမာဓိတရားအေပၚမွာ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈရွိျခင္း။<br /> <br /> (၆) မေမ့မေလ်ာ့မႈ သတိတရား (တနည္း) သတိပ႒ာန္တရားေတာ္အေပၚမွာ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈရွိျခင္း။<br /> <br />
(၇) ပစၥည္းေလးပါး ေထာက္ပံ့လွဴဒါန္းျခင္းျဖင့္ ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ေစ့စပ္ျခင္း
(အာမိသပဋိသႏၳာရ)၊ တရားဓမၼေဟာေျပာျပသျခင္းျဖင့္ ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ေစ့စပ္ျခင္း
(ဓမၼပဋိသႏၳာရ) တို႔အေပၚ ရိုေသေလးစားမႈ ရွိျခင္း။ တို႔ပါပဲ။ <br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္လွပါဘုရား။ <br /> <br />
အရွင္။ ။ ဆိုလိုတာက၊ အာရွ၊ အာဖရိက၊ ဥေရာပ မေရြးပါဘူး၊ အဲဒီတရား
ခုနစ္ပါးနဲ႔ ျပည့္စံုတဲ့ သူေတြ ေနတဲ့ေနရာမွာ သာသနာေတာ္ တည္ပါလိမ့္မတဲ့
ကိုထူးရဲ႕။ <br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္လွပါဘုရား။<br /> <br /> အရွင္။ ။
လက္ရွိသာသနာေတာ္တည္ေနပါတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ေနရာေတြမွာေတာင္... ဆင္းတုေတာ္ေတြ
ေစတီပုထိုးေတြကို အုတ္ပံုသာသာ၊ လည္ပတ္စရာ ေနရာေတြအျဖစ္သာ
သေဘာထားလာၾကတဲ့တစ္ေန႔၊ တရားဓမၼေတြကို ေလွာင္ေျပာင္ဖို႔
ဝန္မေလးေတာ့တဲ့တစ္ေန႔၊ သီလရွိတဲ့ ရဟန္းသာမေဏေတြကို အရိုအေသ
မေပးႏိုင္ေတာ့တဲ့တစ္ေန႔၊ သီလ သမာဓိ ပညာ အက်င့္သိကၡာေတြကို
ေဘးဖယ္လာၾကတဲ့တစ္ေန႔၊ တည္ၾကည္ၿငိမ္သက္မႈ သမာဓိကို ပ်က္ရယ္ျပဳလာၾကတဲ့တစ္ေန႔၊
သတိပ႒ာန္တရားေတြကို ရႈတ္ခ်လာၾကတဲ့တစ္ေန႔၊ ပစၥည္းေလးပါးေထာက္ပံ့မႈေတြ
တရားဓမၼေဟာေျပာမႈေတြ ရပ္တန္႔သြားၾကတဲ့တစ္ေန႔... အဲဒီေနရာကေန သာသနာေတာ္
ကြယ္ေပ်ာက္သြားမွာ အမွန္ပဲ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ အမွန္ပါပဲဘုရား။<br /> <br />
အရွင္။ ။ တန္ဖိုးရွိတာကို တန္ဖိုးရွိမွန္းသိမွ
တန္ဖိုးထားေစာင့္ေရွာက္ဖို႔ စိတ္အားထက္သန္ၾကတာ ဓမၼတာပဲ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။
ဘုရားအဆံုးအမ သာသနာေတာ္ရဲ႕ တန္ဖိုးကို ျမင္ေအာင္ ၾကည့္တတ္ၾကဖို႔
သိေအာင္ၾကည့္တတ္ၾကဖို႔ လိုပါတယ္။ <br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါဘုရား။<br /> <br />
အရွင္။ ။ သာသနာေတာ္ျပန္႔ပြါးထြန္းကားတဲ့ ေနရာနဲ႔၊ သာသနာအဆံုးအမ
မရွိတဲ့ ေနရာ၊ သာသနာအဆံုးအမအတိုင္း လိုက္နာတဲ့ မိသားစုနဲ႔ သာသနာအဆံုးအမ
လံုးဝမရွိတဲ့ မိသားစု၊ ကိုယ့္သႏၱာန္မွာ သာသနာ အဆံုးအမ တည္ေနခိုက္နဲ႔၊
သာသနာအဆံုးအမ လက္လြတ္ခိုက္ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမႈခ်င္း မတူညီၾကပံုေတြကို
ယွဥ္ထိုးၾကည့္ရင္ ျမင္နိုင္ၾကမယ္ထင္တာပဲ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။ <br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါတယ္ဘုရား။ ဒီေန႔ေခတ္မွာဆို သတင္းစီးေမ်ာမႈေတြကလည္း ျမန္ဆန္လာေတာ့ ပိုၿပီး သိနိုင္ ျမင္နိုင္ၾကပါတယ္ဘုရား။ <br /> <br />
အရွင္။ ။ ဟုတ္တယ္။ သာသနာေတာ္ၾကီး တည္တ့့ံျခင္းသည္ ေလာကသားေတြ
ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမႈတည္တံ့ျခင္းပဲ၊ သာသနာေတာ္ကြယ္ျခင္းသည္
ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမႈတရားကြယ္ေပ်ာက္ျခင<wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span>္းပဲ။
ဆိုေတာ့.. ကဲ .. အေပၚက ခုနစ္ခ်က္ကို မွတ္မိလြယ္ေအာင္ လကၤာေလး
ေရးေပးလိုက္မယ္။ အဲဒီခုနစ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ ကိုက္ညီတဲ့ သူေတြ မ်ားလာေအာင္
ၾကိဳးစားႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ ကိုထူးေရ။ <br /> <br /> ကိုထူး။ ။ ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္ပါ့မယ္ဘုရား။<br /> <br /> {ရတနာသံုးရပ္၊ က်င့္ျမတ္သိကၡာ၊ သမၼာသမာဓိ၊ သတိပ႒ာနႍ၊ ပဋိသန္ဟု၊ ခုနစ္တန္တရား၊ ရိုေသျငား၊ ဘုရားသာသနာတည္ေၾကာင္းတည္း။}<br /> <br /> ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br /> အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)<br /> 17/08/2014</span></span><span class="full post">
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ(ရမၼာဝတီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/05713127031614792482noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-29178074944862869082014-04-03T03:01:00.000-07:002014-04-03T03:01:07.484-07:00ေလးစားပါတယ္ ကိုယ့္လူတို႔<span class="userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}">- ရန္ကုန္ကားတို႔သည္ တေရြ႕ေရြ႕တြားသြားေနၾက၏။ <br /> - ေန႔လည္ ၁၂ နာရီခန္႔ ေနအပူသည္ ျခစ္ျခစ္ေတာက္ပူ၏။<br /> - ကတၱရာလမ္းသည္ အခိုး တရွိန္ရွိန္ထ၏။<br /> <br /> "ေသာက္ေရသန္႔ရမယ္၊ ကြမ္းယာရမယ္..၊ ေသာက္ေရသန္႔ေအးေအးေလးရမယ္.."<br /> "ဂ်ာနယ္ရမယ္..၊ ဂ်ာနယ္စံု..၊ ဂ်ာနယ္စံု.." <br /> <br />
- ေရခဲေငြ႕တို႔ျဖင့္ စိုရႊဲေနေသာ ေရသန္႔ဗူးကေလးမ်ား၊ သြပ္ႀကိဳးကြင္းျဖင့္
ေဖာက္တြဲ ထားေသာ ကြမ္းယာထုပ္ကေလးမ်ား၊ လက္တြင္ေပြ႕ထားေသာ ဂ်ာနယ္မ်ားကို
ထိုးျပရင္း ကားေတြႀကိဳးၾကား<span class="text_exposed_show"> ေအာ္ဟစ္ သြားလာေရာင္းခ်ေနၾကေသာ ေစ်းသယ္မ်ားကား က်ားမအစံု၊ အရြယ္စံု။ အသက္ (၁၀) ႏွစ္ အရြယ္ခန္႔မွသည္ အသက္ (၅၀) ခန္႔အထိ ပါဝင္၏။ <br /> <br /><span> - ခပ္ႏြမ္းႏြမ္းအဝတ္အစားကေလးမ်ားႏ</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span>ွင့္
ေနေလာင္ထားသည့္ အသားအေရတို႔မွာ ေခၽြးတို႔ျဖင့္ စိုရႊဲေနၾကရွာေသာ္လည္း
မသုတ္ပစ္အား၊ ကားဟြန္းသံမ်ားအၾကား အေျပးအလႊား ေအာ္ဟစ္ေရာင္းခ်ေနၾကရွာေလသည္။
ကားေပၚမွ လွမ္းဝယ္သူ ေငြေရတြက္ေနခိုက္ သက္ျပင္းကို တခ်က္ရိႈက္ရင္း
လက္ဖမိုးျဖင့္ သပ္ခ်လိုက္သည့္ ေခၽြးစက္တို႔ခမ်ာကား အခိုးရွိန္ရွိန္ထေနသည့္
ကတၱရာလမ္းမပူပူေပၚ အေငြ႕ေပ်ာ္ၾကရရွာေလသည္။ <br /> <br /> - သည္ေနရာမွ
ျဖတ္သြားတိုင္း ထိုသူမ်ားကို ျမင္ေတြ႔ရ၏။ ထိုသူမ်ားကို ျမင္ရတိုင္း
ေလးနက္သည့္ ခံစားခ်က္တစ္မ်ိဳးႏွင့္ ျပင္းျပသည့္ ဆႏၵတစ္မ်ိဳးတို႔ ျဖစ္ေပၚၿမဲ
ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br /> <br /><span> - ခံစားခ်က္ တစ္မ်ိဳးကား ဆင္းရဲေသာ္လည္း မလိမ္မညာ၊ မခိုးမဝွက္၊ ဘယ္သူ႕ဆီမွာမွလည္း ခခယယ အသနားမခံ၊ ကိုယ္က်င့္သိကၡာကိုလည္းမခ်နင္း၊</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span><span>
ခႏၶာကိုရင္း၍လည္း စီးပြါးမရွာ၊ ကိုယ့္ခြန္ကိုယ့္အားျဖင့္ ရိုးရိုးသားသား
သမၼာအာဇီဝက်က် ဝမ္းစာရွာေနၾကသူမ်ားျဖစ္၍ နက္နက္နဲနဲေလးစားမိျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္</span><wbr></wbr><span class="word_break"></span>ၿပီး၊ <br /> <br /> - ဆႏၵတစ္မ်ိဳးကား ပင္ပန္းဆင္းရဲလွသည့္ ထိုအေနအထားမွ ျမန္ျမန္ဆန္ဆန္ လြတ္ေျမာက္ၾကေစလိုျခင္းပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ <br /> <br /> ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br />အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)<br /> 31/03/2014</span></span><span class="full post">
</span>အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-64713636305877264712013-11-23T19:39:00.004-08:002013-11-23T19:46:10.683-08:00ပရေလာကသားမ်ားအတြက္ပရဟိတ (အမွ်ေဝနည္းႏွင့္ကုသိုလ္ျပဳနည္းလမ္းညႊန္)<div style="text-align: center;">
"သဇင္သားစာစဥ္ အမွတ္ (၃)"</div>
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ပရေလာကသားမ်ားအတြက္ပရဟိတ (အမွ်ေဝနည္းႏွင့္ကုသိုလ္ျပဳနည္းလမ္းညႊန္) Pdf ရပါၿပီ။</div>
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<span class="userContent">ဤစာအုပ္တြင္ ျမန္မာႏွင့္သီရိလကၤာ အမွ်ေဝပံု ျခားနားခ်က္မ<span class="text_exposed_show">်ား၊
ၿပိတၱာမ်ားကိုသာ အမွ်ေဝ၍ ရႏိုင္သည္ဟုဆိုေသာ္ လူအခ်င္းခ်င္း အမွ်ေဝရက်ိဳး
ရွိနိုင္-မရွိနိုင္၊ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ မဟုတ္ခဲ့သူ တစ္ဦး ေသဆံုး၍
ၿပိတၱာျဖစ္ေနခဲ့လွ်င္ သာဓုေခၚႏိုင္- မေခၚႏိုင္၊ ထက္ျမက္ေသာ
တိဟိတ္ကုသိုလ္ျဖစ္ရန္ မည္သို႔ျပဳလုပ္ရမည္နည္း၊ ကုသိုလ္ဘယ္လိုရသနည္း၊
ကုသိုလ္ကံတရားမ်ား မိမိတို႔သႏၱာန္ဝယ္ မည္သို႔မည္ပံု လိုက္ပါေနသနည္း...
စသည့္ စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္ရာ အေၾကာင္းအရာမ်ားကို အေျခခံက်က် ေရးသားထားပါသည္။ </span></span></div>
<span class="userContent"><span class="text_exposed_show"></span></span><span class="userContent"><span class="text_exposed_show"> <br /> ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br /> အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/186639282/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B8%E1%82%8F%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B9%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B3%E1%80%94%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B8%E1%80%8A%E1%82%8A%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View ပရေလာကသားမ်ားအတြက္ပရဟိတ<br> (အမွ်ေဝနည္းႏွင့္ကုသိုလ္ျပဳနည္းလမ္းညႊန္) on Scribd">ပရေလာကသားမ်ားအတြက္ပရဟိတ<br /> (အမွ်ေဝနည္းႏွင့္ကုသိုလ္ျပဳနည္းလမ္းညႊန္)</a> by <a href="http://www.scribd.com/ashin_visarada" nbsp="" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Ashin Visarada's profile on Scribd">Ashin Visarada</a></div>
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</span>အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-31754515704383159032013-06-30T04:28:00.003-07:002013-06-30T04:28:28.350-07:00ခဏခဏ အမွတ္ရမိတဲ့ အျဖစ္အပ်က္ေလးတစ္ခု<div class="mbl notesBlogText clearfix">
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ခုတေလာ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့
ငါးႏွစ္ေလာက္က အျဖစ္အပ်က္ကေလး တစ္ခုကို ခဏခဏ အမွတ္ရေနမိတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္
ေနထိုင္မေကာင္းတဲ့ အခါမ်ိဳးေတြမွာ အဲဒီအျဖစ္အပ်က္ကေလးကို ျပန္
အမွတ္ရမိတတ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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အဲဒီတုန္းက ေတာရြာေလးတစ္ရြာမွာ
ေက်ာင္းထိုင္ဘုန္းႀကီးအျဖစ္ တာဝန္ယူေနခဲ့ရတယ္။ ရြာကေလးဟာ ျမစ္နဲ႔
နီးတဲ့အေလ်ာက္ တခါတေလ မနီးမေဝးရြာေတြက ျမစ္ထဲမွာ တစ္လ ႏွစ္လ စသည္
မိသားစုလိုက္ တဲထိုးေနထိုင္ၿပီး တံငါလုပ္ငန္း လုပ္ကိုင္ၾကသူေတြရဲ႕
သာေရးနာေရးပြဲေတြကို ျမစ္ထဲအထိ လိုက္ပါေဆာင္ရြက္ ေပးရတတ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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ေဆာင္းရာသီရဲ႕
ညေနခင္းတစ္ခုမွာ ျမစ္ထဲက တဲစုတစ္စုဆီကို အျခားသံဃာေတာ္ (၈) ပါးနဲ႔အတူ
ၾကြေရာက္ခဲ့ရပါတယ္။ စက္တပ္ေလွကေလးေတြနဲ႔ လာေရာက္ပင့္ေဆာင္ၾကတာပါ။
ေနဝင္ဆည္းဆာမွာ ေတာင္ျပန္ေလ ေျပလ်လ်နဲ႔ ဒီေရအက်ေၾကာင့္ လိႈင္းလံုးကေလးေတြ
တအိအိထေနတဲ့ ျမင္ကြင္းဟာ ဘယ္လိုမွ ေမ့ေပ်ာက္လို႔ မရတဲ့ ျမင္ကြင္းတစ္ခုပါပဲ။
တစ္နာရီခြဲ သာသာေလာက္ ခုတ္ေမာင္းအၿပီးမွာေတာ့ ေရလုပ္သားမ်ား စံေပ်ာ္ရာ
ပိုက္ဆိပ္တဲစုဆီသို႔ ဆိုက္ေရာက္ၾကပါေတာ့တယ္။ </div>
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ဒီေရေတာထဲက
သစ္ပင္ရွည္ရွည္ေတြကို တိုင္လုပ္ၿပီး ျမစ္ထဲမွာ တည္ေဆာက္ထားတဲ့
ေျခတံရွည္တဲေတြပါ။ တဲတစ္ခုနဲ႔တစ္ခုကို အလြယ္တကူ ကူးသန္းသြားလာလို႔ရေအာင္
တံတားကေလးေတြထိုးၿပီး လက္ရန္းတန္းကေလးေတြ တပ္ဆင္ထားၾကတာကို ေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။
သံဃာေတာ္ ကိုးပါးကို သံုးေနရာခြဲၿပီး ေနရာခ်ထားေပးပါတယ္။ သံဃာေတာ္ေတြနဲ႔အတူ
လိုက္ပါလာတဲ့ ဒကာႀကီး အေယာက္ (၂၀) ေလာက္ကိုလည္း သင့္ေတာ္သလို
ေနရာခ်ထားေပးၾကပါတယ္။ သူတို႔တဲစုမွာ တဲအိမ္ေပါင္း (၂၀) ေက်ာ္ရွိပါတယ္။</div>
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ေရေႏြးၾကမ္း၊
အေအး၊ ထန္းလ်က္မ်ား ဆက္ကပ္လွဴဒါန္းၿပီး၊ တစ္နာရီေလာက္ နားၾကၿပီးတဲ့
အခါမွာေတာ့ တဲတန္းရဲ႕အလယ္ ဧည့္ခန္းလို႔ ေခၚႏိုင္တဲ့ ေနရာမွာ စုေဝးၾကၿပီး
သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားထံမွ ပရိတ္တရား ေဒသနာေတာ္မ်ားကို နာၾကားၾကပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္မွာ
ဆရာေတာ္တစ္ပါးက ညတရားေဒသနာ ဆက္လက္ေဟာၾကားခ်ီးျမွင့္ေတာ္မူၿပီး အသီးသီး
အနားယူၾကရပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ေတြကေတာ့ ေနာက္ေန႕သံဃဒါနဆြမ္းအတြက္
ျပင္ဆင္ခ်က္ျပဳတ္ၾကရင္း၊ ကေလးေတြကေတာ့ ဗီဒီယိုၾကည့္ရင္း တစ္ညတာကို
ကုန္လြန္ေစခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။</div>
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ေနာက္ေန႔မနက္
အရုဏ္ဆြမ္းဘုဥ္းေပးအၿပီးမွာေတာ့ အေညာင္းေျပအညာေျပ တံတားေလးေပၚမွာ
ေျခဆန္႔လက္ဆန္႔ လုပ္ရင္း ျမစ္ျပင္ႀကီးရဲ႕အလွမွာ နစ္ေမ်ာေနမိပါတယ္။
ပင္လယ္ေပ်ာ္ ငွက္ကေလးေတြလည္း ဟိုမွသည္မွ ပ်ံဝဲရင္း ဘာသာဘာဝ
ျမဴးထူးေပ်ာ္ပါးေနၾကတာကို ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။ နီးစပ္ရာ တဲစုေတြဆီက
စက္တပ္ေလွငယ္ကေလးမ်ားလည္း တဘုတ္ဘုတ္ ျမည္သံေပးရင္း ဟိုမွသည္မွ
ေရာက္လာေနၾကပါတယ္။ အသံခ်ဲ႕စက္က ဖြင့္ထားတဲ့ ဓမၼေတးသံေတြ ၾကားထဲမွာ
“ကပိုင္ေခ်ာင္းအုပ္စု ေရာက္လာရာေဝး၊ လာကတ္ေဝး (ကပိုင္ေခ်ာင္းအုပ္စု
ေရာက္လာၿပီေဟး၊ လာၾကေဟး) ” စတဲ့ အသိေပးသံ ႀကိဳဆိုသံေတြနဲ႔ စည္ကားေနပါတယ္။</div>
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မနက္ (၈း၀၀) နာရီေလာက္မွာ သီလေပး၊ တရားေဟာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေန႔က ဓမၼပဒပါဠိေတာ္လာ</div>
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<strong>“ေယာ စ ၀ႆသတံ ဇီေ၀၊ ဒုႆီေလာ အသမာဟိေတာ။</strong></div>
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<strong> ဧကာဟံ ဇီ၀ိတံ ေသေယ်ာ၊ သီလ၀ႏၲႆ စ်ာယိေနာ။” </strong>ဆိုတဲ့ ဂါထာကို သူတို႔ နားလည္လြယ္ေအာင္ ေဟာေျပာျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။</div>
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ဦးဇင္းတို႔လူမ်ိဳးေတြဟာ
ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ေတြပီပီ သူ႕အသတ္ကိုမွီၿပီးေတာ့မွ ကိုယ့္အသက္ကို ေမြးရတဲ့
အလုပ္မ်ိဳးေတြကို မလုပ္လိုသူေတြကမ်ားပါတယ္။ ငါ့ဝမ္းပူဆာ မေနသာလို႔၊
အျခားလုပ္စရာမရွိလို႕၊ မလႊဲသာလို႔ လုပ္ရသည့္တိုင္ေအာင္ အခိုက္အတန္႔မွ်သာ
ဒီလုပ္ငန္းကို လုပ္မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အသိက လူတိုင္းမွာ ရွိၾကပါတယ္။ ဒီလုပ္ငန္းကေန
ရနိုင္သေလာက္လည္း ရုန္းထြက္တတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ အနည္းဆံုးေတာ့ သႀကၤန္ ဝါကၽြတ္
ဆိုသလို အခါႀကီး ရက္ႀကီးေတြမွာ သူ႔အသက္ကိုမွီခိုရတဲ့ အလုပ္မ်ိဳးေတြကေန
လြတ္ေအာင္ေရွာင္ၿပီး ဥပုသ္သီလ ေဆာက္တည္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ႀကိဳးစားတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။</div>
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ဒီကေန႔သည္လည္း
ဒကာ-ဒကာမတို႔ အသက္ေမြးဝမ္းေၾကာင္း လုပ္ငန္းကို ရပ္နားၿပီး
သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္ နီးစပ္ရာ မိသဂၤဟမ်ားကို ဖိတ္မႏၱကျပဳလို႔၊ ကိုယ္တိုင္လည္း
သီလေဆာက္တည္လို႔၊ သူတပါးတို႔ကိုလည္း သီလေဆာက္တည္ေစလို႔၊ သီလရွိတဲ့သူေတြကို
အလွဴဒါနျပဳလို႔၊ တရားဓမၼေတြ နာၾကားလုိ႔ ေနၾကတယ္ဆိုတာ
ကုသိုလ္ေကာင္းမႈျပဳရမယ့္အေရးမွာ မေမ့မေလ်ာ့ ေနၾကရာလည္း ေရာက္ပါတယ္။</div>
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“သီလ,
သမာဓိမ႐ွိဘဲ အႏွစ္တစ္ရာပတ္လံုး အသက္႐ွည္ေနရျခင္းထက္ သီလ, သမာဓိရွိၿပီး
သမထ-၀ိပႆနာကို ႐ႈေနေသာသူရဲ႕ တစ္ရက္ တနက္မွ် အသက္႐ွည္ရျခင္းက ပိုၿပီး
ျမတ္တယ္” လို႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ေဟာေတာ္မူထားတဲ့အတြက္ မိမိတို႔
အသက္ေမြးတယ္ဆိုတာဟာ အသက္ရွင္ရပ္တည္ေနရံုမွ်ေလာက္သာ မဟုတ္ဘဲ၊
သီလေဆာက္တည္ႏိုင္ေရး၊ သမာဓိ ပညာ လုပ္ငန္းေတြကို
လုပ္ႏိုင္ေရးအတြက္လည္းျဖစ္တယ္ ဆိုတာကို မေမ့မေလ်ာ့ ဦးတည္ထားၾကရမွာ
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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တစ္ေန႔တာ သီလနဲ႔ ျပည့္စံုတာကိုေတာင္ ဘုရားရွင္
ခ်ီးမႊမ္းေတာ္မူရင္ တစ္ပတ္တာ၊ တစ္လတာ၊ တစ္ႏွစ္တာ၊ တစ္သက္တာ သီလနဲ႔
ျပည့္စံုတာကုိ ဘုရားရွင္ဘယ္ေလာက္ ခ်ီးမႊမ္းေတာ္မူေလမလဲ ဆိုတာကို
ေလးေလးနက္နက္ ေတြးၾကရမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဆိုေတာ့ကာ.. ဒီေန႔လို သီလရွိတဲ့ေန႔ေတြ၊
သမာဓိ- ပညာျဖစ္ပြါးေၾကာင္း စုေပါင္းၿပီး တရားဓမၼနာၾကားၾကည္ညိဳၾကတဲ့ေန႔ေတြ
ကို အသက္ရွင္ခြင့္ရတဲ့ ေန႔ေတြထဲက ဒီထက္မက ဆြဲထုတ္ရယူႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ..။”
စသျဖင့္ ေဟာေျပာျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သူတုိ႔ေတြလည္း အင္မတန္ ေက်နပ္ၾကပါတယ္။
တရားေဟာၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္ လွဴဖြယ္ဝတၳဳေတြ လွဴဒါန္း၊ ကိုယ္ေစာင့္နတ္
ျမစ္ေစာင့္နတ္ေတြကစလို႔ အမွ်ေပးေဝၿပီး ေန႔ဆြမ္းဆက္ကပ္လွဴဒါန္းၾကပါတယ္။
ျမစ္ထဲက ေရလုပ္သားေတြ ျမစ္ထဲမွာ စုေပါင္းဆက္ကပ္ၾကတဲ့ တစ္သက္မေမ့ႏိုင္စရာ
သံဃဒါနကုသိုလ္ပြဲတစ္ခုပါပဲ။</div>
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ညေန ေက်ာင္းကို ျပန္ေရာက္ေတာ့
စိတ္မေကာင္းစရာ သတင္းတစ္ခုက ဆီးႀကိဳလို႔ေနပါတယ္။ စစ္ေတြမွာ သီတင္းသံုးေနတဲ့
အဆုပ္ေရာဂါ အခံရွိတဲ့ သူငယ္ခ်င္းရဟန္းေတာ္တစ္ပါး အသည္းအသန္ျဖစ္လာလို႔
ေဆးရံုတင္လိုက္ရတယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ သတင္းပါပဲ။</div>
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စာေရးသူ အေနျဖင့္ သူဟာ
လူ႕ဘဝတုန္းက ဘိလပ္ေျမသိုေလွာင္ခန္းတစ္ခုမွာ အလုပ္လုပ္ခဲ့ရသူျဖစ္ၿပီး
သူ႕ရဲ႔အဆုပ္ဟာလည္း အေတာ္ပ်က္စီးေနၿပီ ဆိုတာကို သိထားပါတယ္။ သူဟာ အသက္ (၂၀)
ေလာက္မွာ သာသနာ့ေဘာင္ကို ဝင္ေရာက္လာခဲ့ၿပီး ပရိယတၱိစာေပမ်ားကို
သင္ယူေလ့လာခဲ့တယ္။ စာဝါအားလပ္ခ်ိန္ေတြမွာ ရိပ္သာဝင္ၿပီး တရားဓမၼအလုပ္
အားထုတ္ေလ့ရွိတယ္။ တခါတေလမွာ စာေရးသူတို႔ ငယ္ဆရာေတာ္ဆီမွာ သံုးလတန္သည္၊
ေလးလတန္သည္ လာေရာက္ေနထိုင္တတ္ပါတယ္။ အေအးအားႀကီးတဲ့ အခါမ်ိဳးဆိုရင္ သူ႕ခမ်ာ
အသက္ရႈမဝေတာ့ပါဘူး။ ေခ်ာင္းေတြ တဟြတ္ဟြတ္ ဆိုးတတ္ၿပီး သူ႕ကို ၾကည့္ရတာ
ေပါင္ (၁၀၀) ေတာင္ ျပည့္မယ္ မထင္ရေတာ့ပါဘူး။ အံ့ၾသစရာေကာင္းတာက ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ
ပ်က္မသြားတဲ့ သူ႔အၿပံဳးေတြပါပဲ။</div>
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တခါတေလမွာ ကုတင္ေပၚမွာ
ဝမ္းလ်ားေမွာက္ၿပီး ေခ်ာင္းေတြတဟြတ္ဟြတ္ဆိုး၊ ကုတင္ေအာက္က ေထြးခံမွာ
တံေတြးေတြ တပ်စ္ပ်စ္ ေထြးေနရတဲ့ၾကားက တကုတ္ကုတ္ စာေရးေနတဲ့သူ႕ကို
ေတြ႔ရတတ္ပါတယ္။ လစဥ္ထုတ္ ဘာသာေရးမဂၢဇင္းေတြမွာ သူ႕ေဆာင္းပါးေတြကို
ရံဖန္ရံခါ ေတြ႕လာရတတ္ပါတယ္။ ေဝဒနာကို ခံစားရင္း၊ တရားအားထုတ္ရင္း၊
ဘာသာေရးအသိေတြကို မွ်ေဝေပးေနသူအျဖစ္ ေလးစားမိရတာကေတာ့ အမွန္ပါပဲ။ ခု
ထိုအရွင္ စစ္ေတြေဆးရံုက ကုတင္တစ္လံုးေပၚ ေရာက္ေန ရွာသတဲ့။</div>
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မနက္က
ေဟာျဖစ္ခဲ့တဲ့ “သီလမ႐ွိ သမာဓိမ႐ွိဘဲ အႏွစ္တစ္ရာပတ္လံုး
အသက္႐ွည္ေနရျခင္းထက္ သီလ႐ွိ၍ သမထ၀ိပႆနာကို ႐ႈေနေသာသူ၏ တစ္ရက္မွ်
အသက္႐ွည္ရျခင္းသည္ ျမတ္၏။” ဆိုတဲ့ ဓမၼပဒဂါထာေလးက ေခါင္းထဲကို
အဟုန္ျပင္းျပင္းနဲ႔ ျပန္လည္ ဝင္ေရာက္လာခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဟုတ္တယ္။ သူ႕လို
ပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ိဳးအတြက္ တစ္ရက္ တစ္မနက္ေလာက္ အသက္ဆက္ရွင္ခြင့္ရခဲ့ရင္
တစ္ရက္အတြက္ သူတရားဆက္မွတ္ခြင့္ ရေပလိမ့္မယ္။ အက်ိဳးရွိတဲ့ စာေပတစ
သူခ်န္ထားရစ္ခဲ့ နိုင္လိမ့္မယ္။ သူ အသက္ရွင္ႏိုင္သမွ် ဆက္ရွင္ေနျခင္းဟာ
သူ႔အတြက္ေရာ အမ်ားအတြက္ပါ အမ်ားႀကီး တန္ဖိုးရွိတယ္။</div>
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ေလာေလာဆယ္
လက္ထဲမွာ မနက္က ျမစ္ထဲက ဒကာေတြ လွဴလိုက္ၾကတဲ့ နဝကမၼ ႏွစ္ေသာင္း ရွိေနတယ္။
အနည္းဆံုး ေဆးတစ္လံုးစာဖိုးေလာက္ေတာ့ ရတန္ေကာင္းရဲ႕။ သတင္းေပးလာသူက
သူ႕အကို၊ နက္ျဖန္ စစ္ေတြကို လိုက္သြားမည္ဆိုေတာ့ အားေပးစကားနဲ႔အတူ ထိုနဝကမၼ
ႏွစ္ေသာင္းကို ေဆးဖိုးအျဖစ္ လွဴဒါန္းျဖစ္လိုက္ပါတယ္။ တကယ္ေတာ့ အဲဒီတုန္းက
ေငြႏွစ္ေသာင္းဆိုတာ ဘာမွ ဆန္းတာမဟုတ္၊ ကိုယ့္မွာလည္း အဲသေလာက္သာ
ခ်မ္းသာသည္။ ဒီထက္မက လွဴခ်င္သည္။ မည္သို႔ဆိုေစ အက်ိဳးရွိသည့္
အသက္ရွင္ျခင္းအေၾကာင္းကို ထိုေန႔က ေကာင္းေကာင္းႀကီး
နားလည္ခြင့္ရခဲ့လိုက္ပါသည္။</div>
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လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ငါးႏွစ္ေလာက္က
အဲဒီအျဖစ္အပ်က္ကေလးကို ခုတေလာ ခဏခဏ အမွတ္ရေနမိတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္
ေနထိုင္မေကာင္းတဲ့ အခါမ်ိဳးေတြမွာ အဲဒီအျဖစ္အပ်က္ကေလးကို ပိုၿပီး
အမွတ္ရေနမိတတ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)</div>
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30/06/2013</div>
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</span>အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-82735887728841651542013-06-29T01:32:00.002-07:002013-06-29T01:32:25.062-07:00ကာမအာရံု၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုႏွင့္ ဗုဒၶစိတ္ပညာ<div style="text-align: justify;">
အလိုရွိအပ္ေသာ တရား (အာ႐ုံ၊ အရာဝတၳဳ၊ ဝတၳဳကာမ၊ ကာမဂုဏ္၊ ကာမဘုံ) ႏွင့္
အလိုရွိတတ္-လိုခ်င္တတ္-ေသာတရား (ကိေလသကာမ=ေလာဘ၊ ဆႏၵ) ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလံုးကို ကာမ
ဟု ေခၚဆိုေၾကာင္း အဘိဓာန္တို႔က ဖြင့္ဆို၏။ ထိုတြင္ လိုခ်င္မႈ
ကာမႏွင့္စပ္ေသာ အဆင္း၊ အသံ၊ အနံ႔၊ အရသာ၊ အေတြ႔အထိ အာရုံ ငါးပါးလံုးကို
ဝတၳဳကာမ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ကာမအာရံုဟုေခၚ၏။ ထိုကာမအာရံုတို႔ကို ခံစားခ်င္တတ္ေသာ
တဏွာေလာဘကို ကိေလသကာမဟု ေခၚ၏။ ကာမတဏွာမကင္းေသးေသာ သတၱဝါတို႔တြင္ အထူးသျဖင့္
ကာမဘံု၌က်င္လည္ခိုက္ျဖစ္ေသာ ကာမသတၱဝါတို႔သည္ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ကာမအာရံုကို
ခံစားလိုၾကသည္သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။</div>
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ခံစားလိုသမွ် ကာမအာရံုကို
ေက်နပ္အားရသည္အထိ ခံစားရလွ်င္ သတၱဝါတို႔၏ စိတ္သည္ ၾကည္ရႊင္ျခင္းသို႔
ေရာက္၏။ ထိုသေဘာကို စာေပက ေသာမနႆ ဟု ဆို၏။ အားရေအာင္ မခံစားရလွ်င္
မရႊင္ပ်ျခင္းသို႔ ေရာက္၏။ ထိုသေဘာကို ဥေပကၡာ ဟု ဆို၏။ တခါတရံတြင္မူ
တႏံု႕ႏုံ႕မွသည္ ေပါက္ကြဲသည္ အထိ ျဖစ္တတ္၏။ ထိုသေဘာကို ေဒါမနႆ ဟု
ေခၚဆိုေလသည္။</div>
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ထိုတြင္ ကာမအာရံုကို အားရေအာင္ ခံစားခြင့္မရဟူရာ၌လည္း...</div>
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(က) မိမိခံစားလိုေသာ အာရံုကို လံုေလာက္စြာ မရရွိ၍ (ရတာမလို/ လိုတာမရ၍)။</div>
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(ခ)
ကာမအာရံုေတြကို အလိုရွိသေလာက္ ရႏိုင္ပါလ်က္၊ မိမိဖက္က ခံစားႏိုင္သည့္
ရုပ္ပိုင္းစြမ္းရည္ ခ်ိဳ႕တဲ့၍ (အစစျပည့္စံုပါေသာ္လည္း က်န္းမာေရးမေကာင္း၍)</div>
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(ဂ)
တစ္စံုတစ္ဦး၏ အုပ္ထိန္းမႈေအာက္သို႔ က်ေရာက္သြားရသည့္အတြက္ မိမိ၏ကာမဆႏၵကို
အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ခြင့္ မရ၍ (စည္းမ်ဥ္းတစ္ခုခုျဖင့္ ကန္႔သတ္ခံထားရ၍) ဟူ၍
အေျခအေန အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ကြဲျပားႏိုင္ေလသည္။</div>
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မည္သို႔ဆိုေစ
က်န္းမာသန္စြန္း၍ ကာမဂုဏ္ခံစားလိုေသာ စိတ္ဆႏၵလည္း ထက္သန္ေနသူ
ကာမသတၱဝါတစ္ဦးအဖို႔ ကာမအာရံုကို လံုေလာက္စြာ ခံစားခြင့္မရေသာအခါ
ကိုယ့္ကိုယ္ကိုလည္း မေက်နပ္၊ ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ကိုလည္း မေက်နပ္ေသာ သေဘာတစ္မ်ိဳး
ႀကီးစိုးလႊမ္းမိုး လာတတ္ေလသည္။ ထိုသေဘာကို မိမိ၏လက္ရွိအေနအထားႏွင့္
မိမိဝန္းက်င္ကို မေက်နပ္ မႏွစ္ၿမိဳ႕မႈ သေဘာ (disaffection) ဟု ေခၚဆိုေလသည္။
ထိုတြင္ အခ်ိဳ႕မွာ မိမိ၏မေက်နပ္မႈကို ၾကမ္းၾကမ္းတမ္းတမ္း
ေဖာ္ထုတ္တတ္ၾကၿပီး၊ တစ္စံုတစ္ခု တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ကို မေက်နပ္၍ လက္စားေခ်တတ္သူ
(avenger) မ်ားအျဖစ္သို႔တိုင္ ဆိုက္ေရာက္သြားတတ္ေလသည္။ ထုိသို႔
လက္စားေခ်လိုမႈသေဘာ (revenge, a desire for vengeance) မ်ိဳးကို
မိမိ၏အိမ္ေထာင္ေရး၊ အခ်စ္ေရး၊ စီးပြါးေရး၊ ဂုဏ္သိကၡာအေရးကို
ၿဖိဳခြဲဖ်က္ဆီးခံရသူ အမ်ားစုတြင္ အေတြ႔ရမ်ားတတ္ေလသည္။</div>
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အခ်ိဳ႕မွာမူ
ကာမအာရံုအေပၚ အလိုမျပည့္ေသာအခါ ၾကမ္းၾကမ္းတမ္းတမ္း မဟုတ္ဘဲ၊
စိတ္အားညိွဳးငယ္သကဲ့သို႕ျဖစ္လာၿပီးလွ်င္ မိႈင္ေတြေငးေမာ စိတ္ေသာကမ်ား
ဖိစီးႏွိပ္စက္ကာသာ ေနတတ္ၾကေလသည္။ ထိုသေဘာကို စိတ္က်ေရာဂါ (depression) ဟု
ေခၚဆို သတ္မွတ္ႏိုင္ေလသည္။ ထိုစိတ္ေရာဂါ စြဲကပ္ခံရသူမ်ားမွာ အိပ္လည္းဒီစိတ္
စားလည္းဒီစိတ္ ဟူသကဲ့သို႔ ျဖစ္ရွိေနၿပီး ေကာင္းစြာလည္း အိပ္မေပ်ာ္
ေကာင္းစြာလည္း စားမဝင္ ျဖစ္လာၿပီးလွ်င္ ေနာက္ဆံုး၌ တျဖည္းျဖည္း
ပိန္ခ်ံဳးခ်ည့္နဲ႔ လာတတ္ေလသည္။ ထိုသေဘာကို တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္အေပၚတြင္
မလြန္ဆန္ဝံ့သူ၊ မိမိဆႏၵသေဘာကို ပြင့္ပြင့္လင္းလင္းေျပာဆိုရန္ ဝန္ေလးတတ္သူ၊
အားတုန္႔အားနာျဖစ္တတ္သူ မ်ားတြင္ အေတြ႔ရမ်ားတတ္ေလသည္။ ဤစာရင္းတြင္ ကာမသတၱဝါ
လူပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားသာမက၊ အခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ သာမန္ ပုထုဇဥ္ ရဟန္း သာမေဏ သူေတာ္
သီလရွင္မ်ားပါ ပါဝင္ႏိုင္ေလသည္။ </div>
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ဤေနရာတြင္
လူပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားအေနျဖင့္ ကာမျဖင့္ပူေလာင္မူ ပူေလာင္သင့္သည္ ရွိေစ၊ ရဟန္း
သာမေဏမ်ားအေနျဖင့္မူ ကာမျဖင့္ မပူေလာင္သင့္သည္ မဟုတ္ပါေလာဟု ေစာဒက
တက္ဖြယ္ရာ ရွိေလသည္။ စင္စစ္ လူျဖစ္ေစ ရဟန္းျဖစ္ေစ ကာမဘံုသား
သတၱဝါမ်ားအဖို႔ရာမွာ ကာမအာရံုကို အာရံုျပဳလွ်င္ျပဳ၊ မျပဳလွ်င္
ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတစ္ခုခုကို အာရံုျပဳ၍ ေနသင့္ၾက သည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
ဗုဒၶစိတ္ပညာသေဘာအရ ကာမအာရံုကို အာရံုျပဳဖို႔ရာလည္း အခက္အခဲ အကန္႔သတ္ခံထားရ၊
ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတစ္ခုခုကို အာရံုျပဳရန္လည္း မစြမ္းႏိုင္ဟုဆိုလွ်င္ လူျဖစ္ေစ
ရဟန္းျဖစ္ေစ မည္သူမဆို အလိုမျပည့္မႈေၾကာင့္ ကာမပူ ပူေလာင္ၾကရသည္သာ
ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ထိုသေဘာကို ညီေတာ္မင္းနန္ ဇာတ္ေၾကာင္းတြင္
ထင္ရွားစြာေတြ႔ျမင္ႏိုင္ၾကသည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။</div>
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<u><strong><span class="fbUnderline">ညီေတာ္မင္းနန္</span></strong></u></div>
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ညီေတာ္မင္းနန္သည္
ျမတ္စြာဘုရား၏ မိေထြးေတာ္ မဟာပဇာပတိေဂါတမီ၏ သားေတာ္ျဖစ္ၿပီး
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားေအာက္ အသက္အားျဖင့္ (၃) ရက္သာ ငယ္ရြယ္သူျဖစ္ေလသည္။ သူသည္
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ ဘုရားအျဖစ္ကို ေရာက္ေတာ္မူၿပီးေနာက္ ကပိလဝတ္ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကို
ပထမဦးဆံုး ျပန္လည္ၾကြေရာက္ေတာ္မူၿပီး (၃) ရက္ေျမာက္ေန႔၊ သူ၏လက္ထပ္မဂၤလာ
အခန္းအနားအၿပီးတြင္ပင္ ဘုရားရွင္ကို အားနာသျဖင့္ ရဟန္းျဖစ္လာရသူလည္း
ျဖစ္ေလသည္။</div>
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ထိုေန႔က ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္သည္ နန္းေတာ္ထဲ၌
အႏုေမာဒနာတရား ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူၿပီး နႏၵမင္းသားကို သပိတ္ေတာ္ကို
ကိုင္ေဆာင္ေစၿပီးလွ်င္ ေက်ာင္းေတာ္သို႔ ျပန္ၾကြေတာ္မူေလသည္။ နႏၵမင္းသားလည္း
သပိတ္ေတာ္ကို ေပြ႕ခ်ီယင္း ဘုရားရွင္ေနာက္ေတာ္ပါးက လိုက္ပါရေလသည္။
ဇနီးသည္ျဖစ္ေသာ ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီမင္းသမီးလည္း “အရွင္မ.. ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္
နႏၵမင္းသားကို အရွင္မတို႔ႏွင့္ ကင္းကြာေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ရန္ ေခၚေဆာင္၍
ၾကြသြားေတာ္မူပါၿပီ” ဟူေသာ ရံေရြေတာ္ တို႔၏ ေလွ်ာက္တင္ ခ်က္ေၾကာင့္၊
ေခါင္းေလွ်ာ္ၿပီးကာစ ေရစိုေနေသာ ဆံပင္တုိ႔ကို တဝက္တပ်က္ ၿဖီးလိမ္းလ်က္က
ကမန္းကတန္း ထလာၿပီးလွ်င္ “အိုအရွင့္သား.. ျမန္ျမန္ျပန္လာေတာ္မူခဲ့ပါ” ဟု
မွာၾကားလိုက္ရွာေလသည္။ ထိုစကားသည္ကား နႏၵမင္းသား၏ ႏွလံုးသား၌
တည့္တည့္ၾကီးစူးဝင္၍ တည္ေလသည္။</div>
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ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္သည္
ေက်ာင္းေတာ္သို႔ေရာက္ေသာအခါ “နႏၵ.. ရဟန္းျပဳမည္ေလာ” ဟုေမးေတာ္မူလွ်င္
ဘုရားရွင္အေပၚ၌ အလြန္ရိုေသေလးစားသျဖင့္ “ရဟန္းမျပဳႏိုင္ပါ” ဟု
မေလွ်ာက္ထားဝံ့ဘဲ၊ “ေကာင္းပါၿပီ ေနာင္ေတာ္ျမတ္ဘုရား.. ရဟန္းျပဳပါမည္” ဟု
ေလွ်ာက္ဆိုဝန္ခံရွာေလသည္ ။ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္လည္း နႏၵမင္းသားကို
ရဟန္းတို႔လက္သို႔ အပ္ႏွံကာ ရဟန္းျပဳေပးေစေလသည္။ </div>
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<u><span class="fbUnderline"><strong>ရဟန္းဘဝ</strong></span></u></div>
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ရဟန္းဘဝဟူသည္
ကာမအာရံုကိုတတ္ႏိုင္သမွ် ခြါေရွာင္၍ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌
ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ေပ်ာ္ပိုက္ရေသာ ဘဝမ်ိဳးျဖစ္၏။ ကာမအာရံုတို႔၌ တပ္မက္ျခင္း၏အျပစ္၊
ကာမအာရံုတို႔ကို ေရွာင္ခြါေရွာင္၏အက်ိဳး၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌
ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ျခင္း၏အျပစ္၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ျခင္း၏ အက်ိဳးတုိ႔ကို
ဘုရားရွင္သည္ ေန႔စဥ္မျပတ္ ဆံုးမေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူ၏။ လိုက္နာက်င့္သံုးၾကကုန္ေသာ
ရဟန္းတို႔သည္ အတိတ္ကံ ႏွင့္ ပစၥဳပၸန္ သဒၶါ၊ ဝီရိယ၊ သတိ၊ သမာဓိ၊
ပညာအရွိန္အားေလ်ာ္စြာ ကိေလသကာမ (ကာမဂုဏ္အာရံုကိုတပ္မက္ေသာစိတ္၊ တဏွာ ေလာဘ)
မွ သူ႕အတိုင္းအတာႏွင့္သူ လြတ္ေျမာက္ၾကေလသည္။ ကာမအာရံုကို ခံစား၍ ခ်မ္းသာေသာ
ေဝဒယိတသုခမွသည္ ၿငိမ္းေအးမႈ သႏၱိသုခကို ေျပာင္းလဲခံစားခြင့္
ရရွိၾကေလသည္။ </div>
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ရဟန္းသစ္ျဖစ္သူ အရွင္နႏၵကား ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌
သူ႔စိတ္ကို မေပ်ာ္ေမြ႕ေစႏိုင္။ ရဟန္းျဖစ္သည့္ေန႔မွစ၍ ႏွမေတာ္ ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီ
မွာၾကားေျပာဆိုလိုက္သည့္ “အိုအရွင့္သား.. ျမန္ျမန္ျပန္လာေတာ္မူခဲ့ပါ” ဟူေသာ
စကားကိုသာ ထပ္ခါထပ္ခါ အမွတ္ရေနမိ၏။ ထိုစကားကို ၾကားေယာင္မိေလတိုင္း
ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီသည္ အနီးသို႔ေရာက္ေရာက္လာသေယာင္ ထင္မိ၏။ အရွင္နႏၵသည္ သာသနာေတာ္၌
မေပ်ာ္ေတာ့။ သာသနာေတာ္မွ ခ်ထားေပးေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ သူ႕စိတ္ကို
ထိန္းမထားႏိုင္ေတာ့။ တနည္းအားျဖင့္ သာသနာေတာ္မွ တည္ခင္းထားေပးေသာ
ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုမ်ားကို ျမည္းစမ္း၍ပင္ မၾကည့္ခ်င္ေတာ့။ ေနာက္ဆံုး ကာမအာရံုကို
မည္သို႔မွ် ျဖတ္ေတာက္၍ မရႏိုင္ေတာ့သည့္အခါ နိေျဂာဓာရံုေက်ာင္းတိုက္မွပင္
ထြက္ေျပးမိရွာေလသည္။</div>
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မည္သို႔ဆိုေစ၊ အရွင္နႏၵ၌
ဘုရားရွင္အေပၚ၌ အလြန္ရိုေသေလးစားေသာစိတ္သည္ ရွိ၏။ ထြက္ေျပး၍
ေက်ာင္းဝင္းအျပင္ဖက္ ခ်ံဳဖုတ္တစ္ခု သစ္ပင္စုတစ္ခု မွ်ေလာက္ကို
ေက်ာ္လြန္ မိလွ်င္ပင္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္သည္ မိမိ၏ေရွ႕၌
ရပ္တည္ေတာ္မူလာသကဲ့သို႔ ထင္မိေလသည္။ ထိုအခါ မီး၌ပစ္ခ်ျခင္းခံလိုက္ရေသာ
ၾကက္ေတာင္ပမာ တြန္႔ဆုတ္သြားၿပီးလွ်င္ မိမိေနရာေက်ာင္းသို႔
ျပန္လွည့္ ဝင္ျပန္ရွာေလသည္။ ကာမအပူေလာင္ျခင္းကို အျပင္းအထန္
ခံစားရရွာျခင္းႏွင့္ တစ္စံုတစ္ဦးကို မလြန္ဆန္ဝံ့၊ မိမိစိတ္ဆႏၵကို
ပြင့္ပြင့္လင္းလင္း ထုတ္ေျပာရန္ ဝန္ေလးတတ္သူမ်ား ႀကံဳေတြ႔ရေလ့ရွိေသာ
နမူနာျပယုဂ္ေပတည္း။</div>
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<u><span class="fbUnderline"><strong>ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ ေမြ႕ေလ်ာ္ေတာ္မူေစျခင္း (သို႔ဟုတ္) ဗုဒၶ၏စိတ္ပညာစြမ္း</strong></span></u></div>
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ထိုအခါ
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္သည္ “နႏၵရဟန္းသည္ အလြန္ပင္ ေမ့ေမ့ေလ်ာ့ေလ်ာ့ ေနဘိ၏၊
သာသနာေတာ္၌ မေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ျခင္းကို ပယ္ေဖ်ာက္ျခင္းငွါ မစြမ္းႏိုင္ရွာ၊
ငါဘုရားသည္ နႏၵရဟန္း၏ စိတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမႈရေအာင္ ျပဳမွ သင့္ေတာ္မည္” ဟု
ႀကံစည္ဆင္ျခင္ ေတာ္မူၿပီးလွ်င္ နတ္ျပည္သို႔ ေခၚေဆာင္၍ နတ္တို႔၏အဆင္းရုပ္ဝါ
စည္းစိမ္ခ်မ္းသာ တို႔ကို ျပသေတာ္ မူေလသည္။ ထိုသို႔ နတ္ျပည္သို႔
ေခၚေဆာင္ျပသေတာ္မူေသာအခါ၌လည္း တိုက္ရိုက္ၾကြသြားေတာ္မူၾကသည္မဟုတ္ပဲ
လမ္းခရီးအၾကား မီးေလာင္ထားသည့္လယ္ကြက္အတြင္း မီးေလာင္ထားသည့္
သစ္ငုတ္တစ္ခုထိပ္၌ နား, ႏွာေခါင္း, အၿမီးမ်ား မီးသင့္ထား၍ စုတ္ျပတ္ရြတ္တ
အိုမင္းလြန္းလွၿပီျဖစ္ေသာ ေမ်ာက္အိုမႀကီး တစ္ေကာင္ကို ျမင္ေစေတာ္မူၿပီးမွ
တာဝတိ ံသာနတ္ျပည္သို႔ တက္ၾကြေတာ္မူေလသည္။</div>
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ဤေနရာတြင္
ဘုရားရွင္သိေစေတာ္မူခဲ့ေသာ စိတ္ပညာကုထံုး (Psychotherapy) သေဘာကို
နားလည္ေအာင္ ႀကိဳးစားသင့္ၾကပါ၏။ စင္စစ္ ေရႊနန္းေတာ္၌ ခ်မ္းခ်မ္းသာသာ
ႀကီးျပင္းလာရေသာ အရွင္နႏၵသည္ ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီကဲ့သို႔ေသာ အေခ်ာအလွ မ်ားကိုသာ
ျမင္ခဲ့ရဖူးသူျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ လယ္ကြက္ၾကားက ေမ်ာက္အိုမကဲ့သို႔ေသာ စုတ္ျပတ္ရြတ
မလွသည့္အသြင္ အျမင္မေကာင္းသည္မ်ားကို ျမင္ဖူးခဲ့ရသူမဟုတ္ေပ။ ထို႔အျပင္
လူတို႔၏အျမင္သည္ လူ႔ေဘာင္တြင္သာ ဆံုးသည္ ဟူသကဲ့သို႔ အဘိညာဏ္ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ
တန္ခိုးပါဝါမရွိေသးသူ သူ႔အဖို႔ နတ္ျပည္ေလာကစသည့္ အထက္အထက္ တိုးတက္၍
ႏွစ္သက္ဖြယ္ ကာမအာရံုဆန္းမ်ားကို ျမင္ဖူးေသးသူလည္း မဟုတ္ေပ။ ေမ်ာက္အိုမ၊
ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီ ႏွင့္ နတ္သမီးမ်ားကို အစဥ္အတိုင္း အဆိုး၊ အေကာင္း၊
ပို၍သာ၍ေကာင္းဟု အဆင့္သတ္မွတ္မည္ဆိုလွ်င္ အရွင္နႏၵျမင္ဖူးသည္မွာ
ေကာင္းသည္ဆိုေသာ အလယ္အလတ္အာရံုတစ္မ်ိဳးတည္းမွ်သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ သူ႕တြင္
ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္စဥ္းစားစရာ အျခားအာရံု (Comparative objects)
မရွိခဲ့ျခင္းသည္လည္း ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီအေပၚ တန္းတန္းစြဲ ျဖစ္ေနခဲ့ရျခင္း၏
အေျခခံက်ေသာ အေၾကာင္းတရားတစ္ခု ျဖစ္ေလသည္။</div>
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ထို႔ေၾကာင့္
ဗုဒၶစိတ္ပညာကုထံုးအရ “ဒါဆိုမွဒါ” တန္းတန္းစြဲျဖစ္ေနသူမ်ားႏွင့္ ႀကံဳရေသာအခါ
ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္ စဥ္းစားစရာ အာရံုအသစ္အဆန္းတစ္ခုခုကို ေပးသိေစျခင္းျဖင့္
ထိုသူတို႔၏ မူလကာမအာရံုအေပၚ တပ္စြဲျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚေနေသာ အပူမီးကို
ဦးစြာၿငိမ္းသတ္ေပးၾကရမည္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။</div>
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ယခုအခါ အရွင္နႏၵသည္
သိၾကားမင္းအားေဖ်ာ္ေျဖရန္လာၾကရင္း ဘုရားရွင္အား ရွိခိုးရပ္တည္လာၾကသည့္
နတ္သမီးငါးရာတို႔ကို မ်က္ဝါးထင္ထင္ ေတြ႔ျမင္ေနရၿပီျဖစ္ေလသည္။ သူ႕စိတ္ထဲ
စူးနစ္ေနေသာ ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီသည္ ဤနတ္သမီးငါးရာ တို႔ကို ေထာက္ဆလွ်င္
လမ္းခရီး၌ေတြ႔ခဲ့ရေသာ ေမ်ာက္အိုမႀကီးပမာ ဟူ၍သာ ထင္ျမင္ယူဆမိေတာ့သည္။
ထိုအခိုက္ ဘုရားျမတ္စြာက “နႏၵ၊ သာသနာေတာ္၌ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္စြာေနေလာ့၊
ခိုေျခအဆင္းရွိသည့္ နတ္သမီးငါးရာတို႔ကို ရဖို႔ရန္အတြက္ ငါဘုရားအာမခံ
(တာဝန္ယူ) ၏” ဟု မိန္႔ၾကားေတာ္မူလိုက္၏။ အရွင္နႏၵ၏ ဝမ္းသာလံုးကား
အဆံုးမရွိၿပီ။ “ျမတ္စြာဘုရား..၊ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ တပည့္ေတာ္အတြက္
ခုိေျခအဆင္းရွိသည့္နတ္သၼီး ငါးရာတို႔ကို ရဖို႔ရန္ အာမခံႏိုင္ပါမူ
တပည့္ေတာ္သည္ သာသနာေတာ္ဝယ္ ဘုရားရွင့္အထံေတာ္၌ ေပ်ာ္ရႊင္စြာ ေနပါေတာ့မည္”
ဟု အေပးအယူစကား ျပန္ၾကားလိုက္ေလသည္။</div>
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ဤေနရာတြင္
“ျမတ္စြာဘုရားသည္ အရွင္နႏၵကို သာသနာေတာ္၌ ျမတ္ေသာအက်င့္ကို
က်င့္သံုး၍ေနေစလိုပါလ်က္၊ နတ္သမီးမ်ားႏွင့္ အတူတကြေနရျခင္း မျမတ္ေသာအက်င့္
အျဗဟၼစရိယဝါသ အလို႔ငွါ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ အာမခံေတာ္မူပါသနည္း” ဟု
ေစာဒကတက္စရာရွိလာ၏။ ထိုေစာဒကို “ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီတည္းဟူေသာ အာရံု၌ ကာလၾကာျမင့္စြာ
အခိုင္အမာ က်ေရာက္ေနေသာ ရာဂကိေလသာကို အာဂႏၱဳကျဖစ္သည့္ နတ္သမီးအာရံု၌
ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ေပးမွသာ အလြယ္ႏွင့္ စြန္႔ႏိုင္မည္ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္
နတ္သမီးမ်ားႏွင့္စပ္၍ အာမခံေတာ္မူသည္” ဟု ဆရာတို႔ ေျဖဆိုေတာ္ မူၾကေလသည္။
ထိုအခ်က္ကို မဟာဗုဒၶဝင္က်မ္းျပဳ တိပိဋကဓရမင္းကြန္းဆရာေတာ္ဘုရားႀကီးက
“ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္၏ တရားေဟာစဥ္ (တရားေတာ္ေဒသနာေတာ္ေဟာနည္းအစဥ္) =
အႏုပုဗၺိကထာ၌၊ သဂၢကထာ= နတ္ရြာခ်မ္းသာႏွင့္ စပ္ေသာ တရားစကား
ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူျခင္းမွာ ဤအနက္အဓိပၸါယ္အတြက္ သက္ေသသာဓကျဖစ္သည္” ဟု
အထူးမွတ္ခ်က္ျပဳေတာ္မူထားခဲ့ေလသည္။</div>
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<u><span class="fbUnderline"><strong>ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုကိုယူၿပီ</strong></span></u></div>
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ယခုအခ်ိန္တြင္
အရွင္နႏၵ၏ စိတ္၌ ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီ မရွိေတာ့ၿပီ။ နတ္သမီးမ်ားသာ ရွိေတာ့၏။
ထိုနတ္သမီးမ်ားကို ရနိုင္ဖို႔ရန္လည္း ဘုရားရွင္ကိုယ္ေတာ္တိုင္က
အာမခံေပးထား၏။ မရႏိုင္မည္ကို စိုးရိမ္ဖြယ္မရွိၿပီ။ သူလုပ္ရမည္ကား
ကမၼ႒ာန္းတရား အားထုတ္ရံုသာ ရွိေတာ့၏။ သူ႔တာဝန္ေက်ပြန္လွ်င္ ဘုရားရွင္ဘက္က
ခၽြတ္ယြင္းစရာအေၾကာင္းမရွိၿပီ။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ရႊင္လန္းတက္ၾကြစြာျဖင့္
ေန႔ညဆက္ကာ ရဟန္းတရားကို ပြါမ်ားအားထုတ္ေလေတာ့သည္။</div>
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ဤေနရာတြင္
ဗုဒၶစိတ္ပညာကုထံုးကို ေလ့လာသူမ်ားအေနျဖင့္ အရွင္နႏၵ၏စိတ္သည္
ဇနပဒကလ်ာဏီတည္းဟူေသာ ကာမအာရံုကို အေၾကာင္းခံခဲ့စဥ္တုန္းက ပူေလာင္မႈျဖင့္သာ
ေလာင္ကၽြမ္း ခဲ့ရေသာ္လည္း၊ နတ္သမီးတည္းဟူေသာ ကာမအာရံုအသစ္ကို
အေၾကာင္းခံလိုက္ေသာအခါမူ ရႊင္လန္းတက္ၾကြသည့္သေဘာ ေသာမနႆအရွိန္အဝါ
ဝင္ေရာက္လာၿပီးလွ်င္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ သူ႔စိတ္ကို ထားႏိုင္ခဲ့ပံုကို
ျမင္မိေအာင္ ၾကည့္ၾကရမည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။</div>
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အရွင္နႏၵသည္
စိတ္ကို ကမၼ႒ာန္အာရံု၌ တည္ေစႏိုင္ခဲ့ၿပီကား ေသခ်ာသြားၿပီ ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း၊ သူ၏
ဦးတည္ခ်က္ကား နတ္သမီးရေရးပင္ ျဖစ္ေနေသးသည္။ တနည္းဆိုရလွ်င္ အရွင္နႏၵသည္
မဂၢင္ေဖာင္ေပၚသို႔ တက္ေရာက္ေလွာ္ခတ္ေနၿပီ မွန္ေသာ္လည္း၊ ဦးတည္ခ်က္ကား
မမွန္ေသး။ သူ၏ ဦးတည္ခ်က္ကား လြတ္ေျမာက္မႈ ဝိမုတၱိသို႔ မဟုတ္ေသး၊
အေႏွာင္အဖြဲ႕ခံေရးသို႔ပင္ ဦးတည္ေနေပေသး၏။ ဘုရားျမတ္စြာသည္ သူ၏
ဦးတည္ခ်က္ကို ျပင္ေပးရန္အတြက္ ေရွ႕တဆင့္တိုး စီမံေတာ္မူျပန္ေလသည္။</div>
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“အရွင္နႏၵသည္
နတ္သမီးတို႔ကို ရလိုမႈေၾကာင့္ ျမတ္ေသာအက်င့္ကို က်င့္ေနသတဲ့၊
ထိုအရွင္နႏၵအတြက္ နတ္သမီးငါးရာ ရစိမ့္မည့္အေၾကာင္း ျမတ္စြာဘုရားက
အာမခံေပးေတာ္မူထားရသတဲ့၊ အရွင္နႏၵဟာ ေၾကးစားၾကီးပါပဲ၊ အရွင္နႏၵဟာ
အဝယ္ေတာ္ၾကီးပါပဲ” ဟူေသာ သီတင္းသံုးေဖာ္မ်ား၏ က်ီစယ္ေလွာင္ေျပာင္သံမ်ားကို
အရွင္နႏၵၾကားလာရ၏။ ရွက္လာမိ၏။ သူ႔အလုပ္ မဟုတ္ေသးပံုမ်ားကို ျမင္လာမိ၏။
ဣေျႏၵတို႔ကို ေရွးကထက္ပို၍ ေစာင့္ထိန္းျဖစ္လာ၏။ ဤသို႔ျဖင့္ အေရွ႕ အေနာက္
ေတာင္ ေျမာက္ အထက္ ေအာက္ ဖီလာ အေထာင့္ဟူေသာ အရပ္မ်က္ႏွာတို႔ကို
ၾကည့္ရႈေတာ္မူလိုလွ်င္ ေလာဘ ေဒါသ စေသာ အကုသိုလ္တရားမ်ား မျဖစ္ပြါးရေအာင္
သတိ, သမၸဇဥ္ အၿမဲယွဥ္၍ ၾကည့္ရႈေတာ္မူျခင္းတည္းဟူေသာ ဣၿႏၵိယသံဝရ
ဥကၠဌ္ပဋိပတ္ကို က်င့္ႀကံေတာ္မူလ်က္ ရဟန္းတရားကို ပြါးမ်ားႀကိဳးကုတ္
အားထုတ္ေတာ္မူေလရာ မၾကာျမင့္မီပင္ အာသေဝါကုန္ခန္း၍ ရဟႏၱာအျဖစ္သို႔
ေရာက္ေတာ္မူေလသည္။</div>
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ဤေနရာတြင္ ဤေဆာင္းပါးကို
နိဂံုးခ်ဳပ္သင့္ၿပီ ျဖစ္၏။ နိဂံုးခ်ဳပ္ဆိုရလွ်င္ ကာမသတၱဝါတို႔မည္သည္
မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ကာမအာရံုတစ္ခုခုအေပၚ တပ္မက္စြဲလန္းေသာစိတ္ျဖင့္
ပူေလာင္ညိွဳးႏြမ္းေနရသူ မ်ားသာ မ်ားပါ၏။ စိတ္အစဥ္သည္ ကာမအာရံုတို႔အေပၚ
တပ္မက္ပူေလာင္မႈေၾကာင့္ ညစ္ေထးျခင္းသို႔ ေရာက္ရ၏။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ပင္
“ကာမသတၱဝါ၊ ကာမရြာ၌၊ ကာမာရမၼဏ၊ ကာမသေဘာ၊ ကာမေဇာျဖင့္၊ တပ္ေလာဘစိတ္၊
ပိတ္မႈမသိ၊ ညစ္ညဴးဘိ၏” ေရွးသူေတာ္ေကာင္းမ်ား စပ္ဆို
ဆံုးမေတာ္မူခဲ့ၾကျခင္းျဖစ္၏။ မိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ ထိုအျဖစ္မ်ိဳး ႀကံဳလာရေသာ
အခါ၌လည္းေကာင္း၊ ထိုအျဖစ္မ်ိဳး ႀကံဳေတြ႕ခံစားေနရသူ အျခားသူမ်ား၏ အပူမီးကို
ကူညီၿငိမ္းသတ္ေပးရန္ လိုအပ္လာေသာအခါမ်ိဳး၌လည္းေကာင္း ဤေဆာင္းပါး၌
ေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိခဲ့ၾကရပါေသာ ဗုဒၶစိတ္ပညာကုထံုး (Buddhist Psychotherapy)
မ်ားကို အတိုင္းအတာ တစ္ခုအထိ အသံုးခ်ႏိုင္ၾကလိမ့္မည္ဟု ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ရပါသည္။
ဦးတည္ခ်က္မွန္မွန္ျဖင့္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတစ္ခုခုကို လက္ကိုင္ျပဳကာ
အပူခပ္သိမ္းမွ လြတ္ၿငိမ္းေအာင္ ႀကိဳးစားေတာ္မူႏိုင္ၾကပါေစသတည္း။</div>
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က်မ္းကိုး။ ။ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ဗုဒၶသာသန မဟာဗုဒၶဝင္၊ တတိယတြဲ၊ ဆ႒မတြဲ</div>
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)</div>
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29/06/2013</div>
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အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-48030608691975460452013-05-24T19:55:00.000-07:002013-05-24T19:57:33.182-07:00"ဓမၼပူဇာဆိုတာ ဘယ္လို ပူေဇာ္တာပါလိမ့္"<div style="text-align: justify;">
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ခုဒၵကပါဌအ႒ကထာ၊ မဂၤလသုတ္အဖြင့္၌ပူဇာဟူသည္ကို “ပူဇာတိ
သကၠာရဂရုကာရ မာနနဝႏၵနာ- ပူဇာဟူသည္ ေကာင္းစြာျပဳျခင္း၊
အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳျခင္း၊ျမတ္ႏိုးတနာျပဳျခင္း၊ ရွိခိုးျခင္းတည္း”
ဟု ဖြင့္ဆိုျပထားေပသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ အာမိသျဖင့္ ေကာင္းစြာျပဳျခင္း၊
အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳျခင္း ၊ျမတ္ႏိုးတနာျပဳျခင္း၊ ရွိခိုးျခင္းမ်ားကို ‘အာမိသပူဇာ’
ဟု လည္းေကာင္း၊ ဓမၼျဖင့္ ေကာင္းစြာျပဳျခင္း ၊အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳျခင္း၊
ျမတ္ႏိုးတနာျပဳျခင္း၊ ရွိခိုးျခင္းမ်ားကို ‘ဓမၼပူဇာ’
ဟုလည္းေကာင္းအက်ဥ္းအားျဖင့္ မွတ္သားႏိုင္ၾကၿပီ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။<br />
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<u>"အာမိသပူဇာ"</u><br />
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ထိုတြင္
အာမိသဟူသည္ပစၥည္းေလးပါး၊ လာဘ္လာဘ၊ တံစိုးလက္ေဆာင္၊ ကိေလသာကာမ၊
ကိေလသာတို႔ျဖင့္ သံုးသပ္အပ္ေသာအရာတို႔ဟူ၍ဆရာျမတ္တို႔က
ဖြင့္ဆိုရွင္းျပေတာ္မူၾက၏။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္.. အပူေဇာ္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္တို႔အား
ပန္း၊ေရခ်မ္း၊ ဆီမီး၊ အဝတ္အထည္၊ စားေသာက္ဖြယ္ရာ ေငြေၾကးဝတၳဳ စသည့္
အာမိသပစၥည္းတို႔ျဖင့္ ျမတ္ႏိုးတနာျပဳ၍ ေပးလွဴျခင္း စသည္ကို အာမိသပူဇာ
ဟုေခၚေဝၚရေလသည္။ ယေန႔ေခတ္တြင္ အသံုးတြင္ ေခတ္စားေနေသာ
တရားေဟာပုဂၢိဳလ္တို႔အား ကပ္လွဴသည့္ နဝကမၼစာအိတ္ႀကီးငယ္ စသည္တို႔သည္ကား
အမ်ားသိမွတ္ေနၾကသကဲ့သို႕ ဓမၼပူဇာစစ္စစ္ မဟုတ္မူ၍၊့ အာမိသပူဇာ
စာရင္းဝင္တို႔သာ ျဖစ္ၾကေလသည္။ <br />
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ဤေနရာတြင္
ပူဇာဟူေသာစကားကို သကၠာရႏွင့္ ဂါရဝ ဟူေသာ စကားတို႔ျဖင့္ ယွဥ္တြဲၾကည့္လွ်င္
ပို၍ နားလည္ဖြယ္ရာရွိ၏။ မွန္၏။ ပါရာဇိကဏ္အ႒ကထာ၌ ေအာက္ပါအဓိပၸါယ္ကို
ဖြင့္ဆိုထား သည္ကို ေတြ႕ရ၏။ <br />
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- အာမိသျဖင့္တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္အား
ပူေဇာ္ၾကရာ၌ အပူေဇာ္ခံပုဂၢိဳလ္အားကား အေလးအနက္မထားဘဲ
မိမိ၏လွဴဖြယ္ပစၥည္းကိုသာေကာင္းစြာျပင္ဆင္ လွဴဒါန္းလွ်င္၊ ၎ကို ‘သကၠာရ’ ဟု
ေခၚ၏။ <br />
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- လွဴဖြယ္ပစၥည္းကိုကားေကာင္းစြာျပင္ဆင္မႈမျပဳဘဲ၊ အလွဴခံ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ကိုသာ အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳကာ ေပးကမ္း လွဴဒါန္းလွ်င္၊၎ကို ‘ဂါရဝ’ ဟုေခၚ၏။<br />
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ထိုသကၠာရ၊ ဂါရဝႏွစ္ပါးႏွင့္ ျပည့္စံုစြာ ခ်စ္ခင္ျမတ္ႏိုးျခင္းႏွင့္တကြ
ေကာင္းစြာ ျပင္ဆင္စီရင္အပ္ေသာ လွဴဖြယ္ပစၥည္းျဖင့္ အလွဴခံပုဂၢိဳလ္ကိုလည္း
အေလးအျမတ္ ပူေဇာ္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္ျခင္းကို‘ပူဇာ’ ဟု ေခၚေလသည္။ <br />
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ထို႔ေၾကာင့္
ေကာင္းစြာျပင္ဆင္ထားအပ္ေသာလွဴဖြယ္ဝတၳဳတို႔ျဖင့္ အလွဴခံပုဂၢိဳလ္တို႔အား
ခ်စ္ခင္ျမတ္ႏိုးစြာ အေလးအျမတ္ျပဳ ပူေဇာ္ခ်ီးေျမွာက္လွ်င္၊ ၎ကို‘အာမိသပူဇာ’
ဟု ေခၚရေလသည္။ <br />
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<u>“ဓမၼပူဇာ”</u><br />
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‘ဓမၼပူဇာ’
ဟူေသာစကားရပ္၌'ဓမၼ'အရ မျပဳက်င့္ဘဲ ေရွာင္ၾကဥ္ၾကရမည္ဟု ပညတ္ေတာ္မူ အပ္သည့္
(ဝါရိတၱ) သီလသိကၡာပုဒ္ေတာ္မ်ား၊ လိုက္နာရမည္ဟု ပညတ္ေတာ္မူအပ္သည့္
ဆရာသမားတို႔ အေပၚ၌ ျပဳက်င့္ရာေသာ ဝတၱရားမ်ားစေသာ စာရိတၱသီလ(ေခၚ)
အာစာရပညတ္ေတာ္မ်ား၊ ဓုတင္အက်င့္မ်ား ၊ ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္၏ေရွ႔ ေဂါၾတဘုဉာဏ္
တိုင္ေအာင္ေသာသမထ-ဝိပႆနာအက်င့္မ်ားကို ေကာက္ယူရေလသည္။ <br />
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မွန္၏။
ထို ေရွာင္ၾကဥ္ရမည့္သီလသိကၡာပုဒ္ေတာ္မ်ား၊ ျဖည့္က်င့္ရမည့္
ဝတၱရားႀကီးငယ္မ်ား၊ ဓုတင္အက်င့္ျမတ္မ်ားႏွင့္သမထ-ဝိပႆနာ အက်င့္ျမတ္မ်ားသည္
မဂ္ေလးပါး၊ ဖိုလ္ေလးပါးႏွင့္ နိဗၺာန္တည္းဟူေသာ ေလာကုတၱရာတရား
ကိုးပါးအားေလ်ာ္ကန္ထိုက္တန္သည့္ အက်င့္ (ပုဗၺဘာဂပဋိပဒါ) တို႔ပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
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ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ‘ဓေမၼနပူဇနာ ဓမၼပူဇာ’
ဟူသည္ႏွင့္အညီ၊ ဘုရား တရား သံဃာ ရတနာသံုးပါးတို႔အား
ေလးစားခ်စ္ခင္ၾကည္ညိဳေသာ အားျဖင့္ထို သီလသိကၡာပုဒ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို
လိုက္နာျခင္း၊ ဝတ္ႀကီးဝတ္ငယ္မ်ားကို
ျဖည့္က်င့္ျခင္း၊ဓုတင္အက်င့္ျမတ္တို႔ကို လိုက္နာက်င့္သံုးျခင္း၊
သမထ-ဝိပႆနာတရားတို႔ကို ပြါးမ်ားအားထုတ္ျခင္းဟူေသာ အက်င့္-ဓမၼျဖင့္
ပူေဇာ္ျခင္းကိုပင္ ‘ဓမၼပူဇာ’ ဟု ေခၚရေလသည္။ လိုရင္းခ်ဳပ္၍ ဆိုရပါလွ်င္
ဘုရား တရားသံဃာ ရတနာသံုးပါးအေပၚ ေလးစားခ်စ္ခင္ေသာအားျဖင့္ ဗုဒၶ၏အဆံုးအမ
ျမတ္ဓမၼအတိုင္း လိုက္နာက်င့္သံုးေနထိုင္၍ပူေဇာ္ျခင္းကို ဓမၼပူဇာ ဟု
ေခၚရေလေတာ့သည္။ <br />
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<u>“ပူေဇာ္အထူးကို ခံယူေတာ္မူထိုက္ေသာျမတ္စြာဘုရား”</u><br />
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ေလာကတြင္ ရွိသမွ်လူနတ္ျဗဟၼာ သတၱဝါတို႔ကို ဧရာမေနရာႀကီးတစ္ခုတြင္
စုေဝးေစၿပီး အပူေဇာ္ အခံထိုက္ဆံုး ပုဂၢိဳလ္ကိုေရြးခ်ယ္မည္ဆိုပါက
ထိုပုဂၢိဳလ္သည္ ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္မွတပါး အျခားသူျဖစ္စရာ အေၾကာင္းမရွိေပ[အရဟံ]။ <br />
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အေၾကာင္းကား ဗုဒၶသည္သာ ေလာဘ ေဒါသ ေမာဟ မာန ဒိ႒ိ ဝိစိကိစၦာ ထိန ဥဒၶစၥ
အဟိရိကအေနာတပၸ ဟူေသာ ကိေလသာတရားဆိုးတို႔ကို ဝါသနာအေငြ႔အသက္ႏွင့္တကြ
ပယ္ျဖတ္ေတာ္မူၿပီးေသာေၾကာင့္ပင္ျဖစ္ေလသည္ [အရ,ဟံ]။ <br />
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ဗုဒၶ၏ ထိုသေဘာသည္ကား လူေရွ႕တြင္သာ ကိေလသာ ကင္းသေယာင္
ဟန္ေဆာင္ေနသည္မဟုတ္၊လူသူမရွိသည့္ ဆိတ္ကြယ္ရာ၌လည္း ၎အတူပင္ မေကာင္းမႈကို
ျပဳေတာ္မမူသည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္ [အ,ရဟံ]။<br />
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- ထို႕ေၾကာင့္ပင္
ဗုဒၶ၏ဂုဏ္ေက်းဇူးေတာ္တို႔ကိုသိ၍ဗုဒၶကို ခ်စ္ခင္ၾကည္ညိဳၾကသူ တို႔သည္
ေက်ာင္းသကၤန္းဆြမ္းေဆးတို႔ျဖင့္ ပူေဇာ္ျခင္း
အာမိသပူဇာျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ သိကၡာပုဒ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို
လိုက္နာျခင္းစေသာ ဓမၼပူဇာျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း ယေန႔တိုင္ပူေဇာ္လ်က္ရွိၾကေလသည္။<br />
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<u>“အာမိသျဖင့္ပူေဇာ္ၾကေသာ္လဲ…”</u><br />
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ထိုတြင္
ဗုဒၶသည္ အာမိသပူဇာထက္ဓမၼပူဇာကို ပို၍ ႏွစ္သက္ေတာ္မူေၾကာင္းကို
မဟာပရိနိဗၺာနသုတၱန္တြင္ ကိုယ္ေတာ္တိုင္ အတိအလင္းေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္။
မွန္ပါ၏။ ဗုဒၶသည္ ဘုရားျဖစ္ေတာ္မူသည္မွ (၄၅)
ႏွစ္တာကာလပတ္လံုးဆံုးမထိုက္သမွ် ေဝေနယ်တို႔ကို ဆံုးမေတာ္မူ၍ လူနတ္နိဗၺာန္
သံုးတန္ေသာခ်မ္းသာကို ထိုက္တန္စြာရရွိေစေတာ္မူၿပီးသည့္ေနာက္ မလႅာမင္းတို႔၏
အင္ၾကင္းဥယ်ာဥ္ေတာ္ဝယ္ ေျမာက္အရပ္သို႔ ေခါင္းရင္းျပဳကာခင္းထားအပ္ေသာ
သလြန္ေတာ္ျမတ္၌ ပရိနိဗၺာန္ျပဳေတာ္မူရန္အလို႔ငွါ လက္ယာနံေတာင္းျဖင့္
ျမတ္ေသာေလ်ာင္းစက္ျခင္းကို ျပဳေတာ္မူေလသည္။<br />
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ထိုေရာအခါ
ဗုဒၶကိုၾကည္ညိဳၾကကုန္ေသာ နတ္ျဗဟၼာအေပါင္းတို႔သည္ နတ္၌ျဖစ္ေသာ ပန္း,
နံသာတို႔ျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း၊နတ္ေစာင္းပတ္သာ တူရိယာတို႕ကို တီးခတ္
သီဆိုကာျဖင့္လည္းေကာင္း ဗုဒၶကို ပူေဇာ္ၾကေလသည္။ထိုအခါ ဗုဒၶသည္
အရွင္အာနႏၵာကို ေခၚေတာ္မူၿပီးလွ်င္… <br />
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“''အာနႏၵာ
အင္ၾကင္းပင္အစံုတို႔သည္အခါမဲ့ ပြင့္ေသာပန္းတို႔ျဖင့္ ပင္လံုးကြၽတ္ပြင့္လ်က္
ရွိကုန္၏၊ ထို (အင္ၾကင္းပင္)တို႔သည္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကို ပူေဇာ္သည့္အေနျဖင့္
ပန္းတို႔ကို ျမတ္စြာဘုရား၏ ကိုယ္ေတာ္ထက္သို႔ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏၊ လႊမ္းလ်က္
ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏၊ မျပတ္မစဲ ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏။<br />
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မႏၵာရဝမည္ေသာ
နတ္ပန္း (ထင္ရွားပန္း) တို႔သည္လည္းေကာင္းကင္မွ က်လာကုန္၏၊ ထို (ပန္း)
တို႔ကိုလည္း (နတ္တို႔သည္) ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကို ပူေဇာ္သည့္အေနျဖင့္ျမတ္စြာဘုရား၏
ကိုယ္ေတာ္ထက္သို႔ ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏၊ လႊမ္းလ်က္ ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏၊
မျပတ္မစဲၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏။<br />
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နတ္၌ျဖစ္ေသာ
စႏၵကူးနံ႕သာမႈန္႔တို႔သည္လည္း ေကာင္းကင္မွက်လာကုန္၏၊ ထို (စႏၵကူးနံ႕သာမႈန္႔)
တို႔ကိုလည္း (နတ္တို႔သည္) ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကိုပူေဇာ္သည့္အေနျဖင့္
ျမတ္စြာဘုရား၏ ကိုယ္ေတာ္ထက္သို႔ ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏၊ လႊမ္းလ်က္ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏၊
မျပတ္မစဲ ၾကဲျဖန္႔ကုန္၏။<br />
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နတ္တူရိယာတို႔ကိုလည္း
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကိုပူေဇာ္သည့္အေနျဖင့္ ေကာင္းကင္၌ တီးမႈတ္လ်က္ရွိကုန္၏။
နတ္သီခ်င္းသံတို႔သည္လည္းျမတ္စြာဘုရားကို ပူေဇာ္သည့္အေနျဖင့္ ေကာင္းကင္၌
ျဖစ္ေပၚလ်က္ရွိကုန္၏။<br />
အာနႏၵာ ဤမွ်ေလာက္ (ပူေဇာ္မႈ) ျဖင့္
ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကို အ႐ိုအေသျပဳသည္ မမည္ေသး၊အေလးျပဳသည္ မမည္ေသး၊ ျမတ္ႏိုးသည္
မမည္ေသး၊ ပူေဇာ္သည္ မမည္ေသး၊ ပသသည္ မမည္ေသး” ဟု မိန္႔ေတာ္မူ၏။ <br />
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<u>“ဓမၼအက်င့္ျမတ္ျဖင့္ ပူေဇာ္ပါ”</u><br />
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ထို႔ေနာက္ဗုဒၶသည္
“အာနႏၵာအၾကင္ရဟန္းျဖစ္ေစ ရဟန္းမိန္းမျဖစ္ေစ ဥပါသကာျဖစ္ေစ ဥပါသိကာမ ျဖစ္ေစ
(ေလာကုတၱရာ)တရားႏွင့္ ေလ်ာ္ေသာ တရားကိုက်င့္လ်က္ေန၏၊ ေလ်ာ္ေသာ
အက်င့္ကိုက်င့္လ်က္ေန၏၊တရားႏွင့္ေလ်ာ္စြာ က်င့္လ်က္ေန၏၊ ထိုသူသည္
အျမတ္ဆံုးပူေဇာ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ျမတ္စြာဘုရားကို အ႐ိုအေသျပဳသည္ မည္၏၊ အေလးျပဳသည္
မည္၏၊ျမတ္ႏိုးသည္ မည္၏၊ ပူေဇာ္သည္ မည္၏၊ ပသသည္ မည္၏” ဟု သူႏွစ္သက္ေသာ
ပူေဇာ္ျခင္းကို အတိအလင္း မိန္႔ၾကားေတာ္မူေလသည္။<br />
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မွန္ပါ၏။
ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္ျမတ္သည္ဒီပကၤရာျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္၏ ေျခေတာ္ရင္း၌
လဲေလ်ာင္းေတာ္မူလ်က္ ရွစ္ပါးေသာအေၾကာင္းအဂၤါျပည့္စံုစြာျဖင့္
သဗၺညဳတဉာဏ္ေတာ္ကို ဆုေတာင္းေတာ္မူခဲ့သည္မွာ
ပန္းနံသာတူရိယာဘုန္းေတာ္ဘြဲ႕ေတးသံသာမ်ားျဖင့္ ပူေဇာ္ခံေတာ္မူလို၍
မဟုတ္ခဲ့ေခ်ၿပီ၊ အာမိသပူဇာျဖင့္အပူေဇာ္ခံယူေတာ္မူလို၍ ပါရမီေတာ္ျမတ္တို႔ကို
ျဖည့္က်င့္ေတာ္မူျခင္း မဟုတ္ခဲ့ေခ်ၿပီ။ <br />
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စင္စစ္အားျဖင့္
မဂ္ဖိုလ္နိဗၺာန္ကိုရရွိရန္ထိုက္တန္သည့္ သီလေတာ္ျမတ္တို႔ကို
ျဖည့္က်င့္ျခင္း၊ ဓုတင္အက်င့္ျမတ္တို႔ကိုေဆာက္တည္ျခင္း၊
သမထ-ဝိပႆနာတရားမ်ားကို ပြါးမ်ားၾကျခင္းတည္းဟူေသာ အၿငိမ္းဓာတ္ကိုရလိုသသူ
နတ္လူတို႕၏ ပုဗၺဘာဂပဋိပဒါအက်င့္ျမတ္ အက်ိဳးငွါသာ ပါရမီေတာ္တို႔ကို
ျဖည့္က်င့္ေတာ္မူခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္ေလသည္။ <br />
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ထို႕ေၾကာင့္ပင္
မဟာပရိနိဗၺာနဓာတ္ျဖင့္ခ်ဳပ္ၿငိမ္းေတာ္မူအံ့ဆဲဆဲအခါ ေလ်ာင္းေတာ္မူရာ
သလြန္ေတာ္ထက္မွေန၍ “အာနႏၵာ ထို႕ေၾကာင့္ ဤ (သာသနာေတာ္)၌ (ေလာကုတၱရာ)
တရားႏွင့္ ေလ်ာ္ေသာ တရားကိုက်င့္လ်က္ ေနကုန္အံ့၊ ေလ်ာ္ေသာ
အက်င့္ကိုက်င့္လ်က္ ေနကုန္အံ့၊ တရားႏွင့္ ေလ်ာ္စြာ က်င့္လ်က္ေနကုန္အံ့ဟု
ဤသို႔ႏွလံုးသြင္းလ်က္ သင္တို႔ က်င့္ၾကံအားထုတ္ရမည္ အာနႏၵာ''ဟု
မိန္႔မွာေတာ္မူခဲ့ေလသည္။<br />
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ပစၥည္း လာဘ္လာဘ အာမိသထက္
အက်င့္ျမတ္ဓမၼကို အေလးဂရုျပဳေတာ္မူေသာ ဘုရားရွင့္သာသနာေတာ္၌ ဓမၼပူဇာ၏
သေဘာကိုထဲထဲဝင္ဝင္ သိျမင္ေအာင္ႀကိဳးစားၿပီးလွ်င္၊ ဆြမ္းေတာ္တင္
ပန္းေတာ္ကပ္၊ ဓမၼကထိကအား နဝကမၼျဖင့္ပူေဇာ္စသည့္ အာမိသပူဇာျဖင့္
ပူေဇာ္ရံုမွ်ျဖင့္ ေက်နပ္ႏွစ္သိမ့္မေနၾကဘဲ၊ ဘုရားရွင္ႏွစ္သက္ေတာ္မူသည့္
ဓမၼပူဇာ အက်င့္ျမတ္ျဖင့္ ပူေဇာ္ႏိုင္ေအာင္
ႀကိဳးစားအားထုတ္ေတာ္မူၾကပါကုန္စို႔ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ကလ်ာဏႏြယ္ဝင္ သူေတာ္စင္
သူေတာ္ေကာင္းအေပါင္းတို႔..။<br />
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က်မ္းကိုး။
။ အဂၤုတၳိဳရ္ ပါဠိေတာ္- အ႒ကထာ၊ ခုဒၵကပါဌအ႒ကထာ၊သုတ္မဟာဝါအ႒ကထာ- ဘာသာဋီကာ၊
ပါဠိေတာ္ ျမန္မာျပန္၊ သေျပကန္ပရိတ္ၾကီးနိႆယသစ္၊ မင္းပူးဆရာေတာ္ ဦးၾသဘာသ၏
ေတမိယ ဇာတ္ေတာ္ႀကီးဝတၳဳ<br />
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-3799933559320099332013-05-06T07:30:00.000-07:002013-05-06T07:30:10.381-07:00ဘာဝနာဆိုတာ ဘာကို ပြါးပါလိမ့္<div class="mbl notesBlogText clearfix" style="text-align: justify;">
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“ဒါန၊ သီလ၊ ဘာဝနာ”
ဟူေသာစကားမ်ားကို ငယ္စဥ္ကပင္ ၾကားနာခဲ့ရပါသည္။ ဒါနဆိုတာ လွဴဒါန္းတာ၊
သီလဆိုတာ ေစာင့္ထိန္းတာ၊ ဘာဝနာဆိုတာပြါးမ်ားတာဟူေသာ definition
အက်ဥ္းကိုလည္း မွတ္သားခဲ့ရပါသည္။ ဒါန ႏွင့္ သီလကိုမူဉာဏ္မွီသေလာက္
သေဘာေပါက္ခြင့္ ရခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း “ဘာဝနာ ဆိုတာ ပြါးမ်ားတာ”
ဟူေသာဖြင့္ဆိုခ်က္ကိုမူ လံုးဝ သေဘာမေပါက္ႏိုင္ဘဲ ရွိခဲ့ရဖူးပါသည္။ <br />
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မွန္ပါသည္။
လွဴဖြယ္ဝတၳဳေတြကို လွဴဒါန္းတာ ဒါန၊ ကိုယ္ႏွင့္ႏႈတ္ကိုေစာင့္ထိန္းတာ သီလ ဟု
သရုပ္သကန္ႏွင့္တကြ သေဘာေပါက္ခဲ့ ရေသာ္လည္း၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းတရားပြါးမ်ားတာ ဘာဝနာ
ဟူေသာ ဖြင့္ဆိုခ်က္ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍မူ ထူလွသျဖင့္သေဘာမေပါက္ႏိုင္ခဲ့ေတာ့ပါ။
ပြါးတယ္ဆိုတာ ဘယ္လိုပါလိမ့္၊ ကမၼ႒ာန္းဆိုတာ ဘာပါလိမ့္၊ကမၼ႒ာန္းကို
ဘယ္လိုပြါးပါလိမ့္၊ ဟူေသာ အေတြးမ်ားျဖင့္သာ ကာလရွည္ၾကာလံုးေထြးေနခဲ့ရပါသည္။
ပရိယတၱိ အသိပညာ ခ်ိဳ႕တဲ့သျဖင့္ ေဝဝါးစြာ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ရေသာ ကာလ
မည္မွ်ရွည္ၾကာခဲ့ပါသနည္း။ “အႆဝနတာ ဓမၼႆပရိဟာယႏၱိ- တရားေတာ္ျမတ္ကို
မနာၾကားၾကရသည့္အတြက္ တရားအသိမွ ဆုတ္ယုတ္လ်က္ရွိၾကရပါကုန္၏” ဟူေသာ
သဟမၸတိျဗဟၼာႀကီး၏ ဘုရားရွင္ထံ ေတာင္းပန္တိုးလွ်ိဳးေသာစကားသံကို
ႀကိမ္ဖန္မ်ားစြာပင္ ေထာက္ခံမိ ပါေတာ့၏။ <br />
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<u>“ပြါးသည္ဟူေသာစကား”</u><br />
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ပြါးသည္ဟူေသာ
စကားသည္ ပြါးမ်ားသည္၊ တိုးတက္ပြါးမ်ားလာေအာင္ လုပ္ယူသည္ ဟူေသာ အဓိပၸါယ္ကို
ေဆာင္၏။ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္ တစ္ခုမွ ႏွစ္ခု၊ ႏွစ္ခုမွ သံုးခု၊ သံုးခုမွသည္
ေလးခု-ငါးခု- တစ္ရာ- တစ္ေထာင္- တစ္ေသာင္း စသျဖင့္ မ်ားသထက္မ်ားလာေအာင္
လုပ္ယူသည္ကိုပြါးမ်ားသည္ဟု ဆိုရ၏။ မွန္၏။ ပါဠိစာေပ၌
“ဘာဝနာ”ဟူေသာစကားလံုးကို “ဘာေဝတိ ဥပၸါေဒတိ ဝေၯတီတိ ဘာဝနာ- စ၍ ျဖစ္ေစတတ္၊
တိုးတက္ပြါးမ်ားေစတတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ဘာဝနာ မည္၏" ဟု ဆရာတို႕ ဖြင့္ဆိုျပၾက၏။
သို႕ဆိုလွ်င္ ဘာကို စ၍ ျဖစ္ေစရပါမည္နည္း၊ဘာကိုတိုးတက္
ပြါးမ်ားေစရပါမည္နည္း၊ စသျဖင့္ ေရွ႕ဆက္ေမးျမန္းရန္ လိုအပ္လာ၏။ <br />
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<u>“ကုသိုလ္စိတ္ကို တိုးတက္ပြါးမ်ားေစရမည္”</u><br />
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ဋီကာေက်ာ္ဆရာက
“ဘာေဝတိ ကုသေလဓေမၼ အာေသဝတိ ဝေၯတိ ဧတာယာတိ ဘာဝနာ - ကုသိုလ္တရားတို႔ကို
အဖန္ဖန္မွီဝဲတတ္၊တိုးပြါးေစတတ္ေသာ ေစတနာသည္ ဘာဝနာမည္၏ ” ဟု
ဖြင့္ဆိုျပ၏။မွန္၏။ ေပးလွဴေၾကာင္း ေစတနာကို ဒါန၊ အကုသိုလ္ မျဖစ္ေအာင္
ကိုယ္ႏႈတ္တို႔ကို ေကာင္းစြာထားတတ္ေသာ ေစတနာကို သီလ ဟု ယူရသကဲ့သို႔၊
လြန္ကဲျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာ ကုသိုလ္စိတ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစတတ္တိုးပြါးေစတတ္ေသာ ေစတနာကို
ဘာဝနာ ဟု ယူရေလသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ “မိမိသႏၱ ာန္၌ ဒါနေစတနာ သီလေစတနာတို႔ထက္
လြန္ကဲျမင့္ျမတ္ေသာကုသိုလ္စိတ္တို႔ကို ထပ္ခါထပ္ခါ တိုးပြါးေအာင္
အားထုတ္မႈကို ဘာဝနာ ပြါးသည္” ဟု မွတ္ယူရမည္ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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<u>“စိတ္၏သဘာဝႏွင့္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု”</u><br />
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စိတ္၏သေဘာကား
မေကာင္းေသာအာရံုတို႔၌သာ မ်ားစြာ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ေလ့ရွိ၏။ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ “ပါပသၼိ ံ
ရမတိ မေနာ- စိတ္သည္မေကာင္းမႈ၌ ေမြ႕ေလ်ာ္ေလ့ရွိ၏” ဟု ဓမၼပဒပါဠိေတာ္ပါပဝဂ္၌
ေဟာေတာ္မူ၏။ ဥပမာျပဳရလွ်င္ အလိုင္းမင္းမညီပဲ ဘယ္ဘက္သို႔ ဦးလည္ေနေသာ
စက္ဘီးကဲ့သို႔ျဖစ္၏။သတိလြတ္သည္ႏွင့္ မေကာင္းမႈဘက္သို႔ ေစာင္းသြားတတ္၏။ ထိုသို႔
မေကာင္းေသာအာရံုမ်ားသို႔ ဦးလွည့္ေသာစိတ္သည္
ကိေလသာအခိုးအေငြ႕တို႕ျဖင့္ပူေလာင္၏။ ထိုပူေလာင္ေနေသာ စိတ္ကို
ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတည္း ဟူေသာ ေရၾကည္အိုင္အတြင္း သက္ဆင္းၿငိမ္းေအးေစရ၏။<br />
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မွန္၏။
စိတ္ဟူသည္ အာရံုတရားႏွင့္ကင္း၍ကား မျဖစ္ႏိုင္။ သူေပ်ာ္ေမြ႔ေနက်မေကာင္းေသာ
အာရံုမ်ား၌ ေပ်ာ္ေမြ႕ေနေသာ စိတ္ကို ေကာင္းေသာအာရံု၌ ေပ်ာ္ေမြ႕လာေအာင္
လုပ္ေဆာင္ရသည္မွာလည္း လြယ္ကူလွသည္ေတာ့မဟုတ္။ အက်ိဳးမရွိ
အခ်ိန္ကုန္ရံုမွ်ျဖစ္ေသာ အကစားအလုပ္၌သာ ေပ်ာ္ေမြ႕ေလ့ရွိေသာကေလးကို
စာဖတ္ခိုင္းရသည္ထက္ပင္ ခက္လွေတာ့၏။ တုတ္မိုးျခိမ္းေျခာက္ ဟိန္းေဟာက္၍
စာက်က္ခိုင္းရေသာ္ ကေလးလည္းမရႊင္လန္း လူႀကီးလည္းပန္းရ၏။ ထိုအခါ
လိမၼာေသာမိဘဆရာမ်ားက ကေလးအဖို႔ ကစားစရာလည္းရေစ၊အသိပညာလည္းရေစမည့္
နည္းလမ္းမ်ားကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ကာ ကေလးငယ္မ်ားေပ်ာ္ေမြ႔စရာ
ပညာေပးအာရံုေကာင္းမ်ားကို ဖန္တီးေပးၾကရ၏။ <br />
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ဗုဒၶသည္ကား
လူသံုးပါးတို႔၏ အတုမဲ့ ဆရာျမတ္ျဖစ္ေတာ္မူ၏။
မေကာင္းေသာ အာရံုမ်ား၌သာေပ်ာ္ေမြ႔ပူေလာင္ေနၾကေသာ သတၱဝါတို႔အတြက္
အပူအေလာင္လည္းၿငိမ္းေစ၊ သမထ, ဝိပႆနာ အသိပညာလည္းရင့္သန္ႀကီးထြားေစရန္အတြက္
သမထကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၊ ဝိပႆနာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုမ်ားကို
ရွာေဖြေဖာ္ထုတ္ေပးေတာ္မူခဲ့၏။ထိုတြင္ သမထကမၼ႒ာန္း အာရံုေပါင္းကား (၄၀)
မွ်ပင္ ရွိ၏။ မိမိတို႔စိတ္သန္ရာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌မိမိတို႕ စိတ္ကို
အႀကိမ္ႀကိမ္ ျဖစ္ပြါးေစလွ်င္ ကိေလသာ အခိုးအေငြ႕တို႔
ကင္းၿငိမ္းျခင္းအက်ိဳးကိုကိုယ္ေတြ႔ပင္ ခံစားခြင့္ရၾက၏။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ပင္
ဆရာျမတ္တို႔က “ကိေလေသ သေမတီတိ သမေထာ-ကာမစၦႏၵစေသာ ကိေလသာတို႔ကို
ၿငိမ္းေစတတ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ သမထမည္၏” ဟု မိန္႔ဆိုေတာ္မူၾကျခင္းျဖစ္ေပ၏။<br />
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<u>“ကမၼ႒ာန္း”</u><br />
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ဤတြင္
“ကမၼ႒ာန္း” ဟူေသာစကားကို နားလည္ဖို႔ လိုအပ္လာ၏။ ဆရာျမတ္တို႔က“ကမၼႆ ဌာနံ
ကမၼ႒ာနံ- ပြါးမ်ားအားထုတ္မႈ၏ တည္ရာအာရံုသည္ ကမၼ႒ာန္းမည္၏” ဟု
မိန္႔ဆိုေတာ္မူၾက၏။ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ မိမိတို႔စိတ္ကို တင္၍ ၾကိမ္ဖန္မ်ားစြာ
ျဖစ္ပြါးေစသင့္ေသာ ကသိုဏ္းစေသာ အရႈခံသမထအာရံုမ်ားႏွင့္
ရုပ္နာမ္ဓမၼသခၤါရဟူေသာ ဝိပႆနာအရႈခံအာရံုမ်ားကို ကမၼ႒ာန္းဟု ေခၚရေလသည္။<br />
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<u>“ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ မိမိစိတ္ကို မ်ားသထက္မ်ားလာေစျခင္း”</u><br />
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ကမၼ႒ာန္းအားထုတ္ေသာပုဂၢိဳလ္သည္
မိမိႏွစ္သက္ေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတစ္ခုခု၌မိမိစိတ္ကို တစ္ႀကိမ္ထက္တစ္ႀကိမ္
ဆက္ကာဆက္ကာ မ်ားသထက္မ်ားလာေအာင္ အားထုတ္ၾကရေပသည္။ နားလည္ေအာင္ ေျပာရလွ်င္
ဟိုဟိုသည္သည္ က်င္လည္က်က္စားေနေသာစိတ္ကို
ကမၼ႒ာန္း အာရံုတစ္ခုခုျဖင့္ ခ်ည္ေႏွာင္ပူးကပ္၍ ထိုကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုမွ
လြတ္ထြက္မသြားေအာင္ ေလ့က်င့္ေပးျခင္းကိုပင္ ကမၼ႒ာန္း အားထုတ္သည္ဟုဆိုရေလသည္။
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ထိုတြင္ စိတ္ဟူသည္ကား ျဖစ္မႈ ပ်က္မႈ
အလြန္ျမန္လြန္းလွေလရကားစိတ္တစ္ခုၿပီး ေနာက္စိတ္တစ္ခု ၊ ေနာက္စိတ္တစ္ခုၿပီး
ေနာက္ထပ္စိတ္တစ္ခု အသစ္အသစ္ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္လာေလသမွ်ေသာစိတ္မ်ားစြာကို
ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတစ္ခုတည္း၌သာ ႀကိမ္ေရမ်ားစြာ ျဖစ္ပြါးလာေအာင္
ပြါးမ်ားအားထုတ္ရယူျခင္းကို ကမၼ႒ာန္းဘာဝနာရႈပြါးသည္ဟု ေခၚဆိုရေလသည္။ <br />
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<u>ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ပြါးျခင္းဥပမာ</u><br />
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ဤတြင္
မိမိစိတ္ကို ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံုတစ္ခုခုတြင္တင္၍
ႀကိမ္ေရမ်ားစြာရေအာင္မည္သို႔ပြါးမ်ားယူရသည္ကို နားလည္ေအာင္
ရွင္းျပသင့္ၿပီျဖစ္ပါသည္။ အမ်ားေျပာေနက် “ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ပြါးသည္”ဟူေသာ စကားရပ္ကို
မွီခို၍ အနည္းငယ္ရွင္းလင္းပါမည္။ ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ပြါးသည္ဟူရာ၌
ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ဟူသည္ကားဗုဒၶ၏ အရဟံစေသာ ဂုဏ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို ရည္ညႊန္းပါသည္။ <br />
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ထိုတြင္
‘အရဟံ’ ဟူေသာဂုဏ္ေတာ္ႏွင့္ကပ္၍ မိမိစိတ္ကို ပြါးမ်ားရယူရန္မွာဘုရားရွင္၏
ပူေဇာ္အထူးကို ခံယူေတာ္မူထိုက္ပံု၊ ကိေလသာရန္သူကို
ပယ္သတ္ေတာ္မူၿပီးပံု၊ဆိတ္ကြယ္ရာအရပ္၌ေသာ္မွ မေကာင္းမႈကို
ျပဳေတာ္မမူပံုတုိ႔ကို အာရံုျပဳ၍ <br />
‘အရဟံ…၊ <br />
အရဟံ…၊ <br />
အရဟံ….၊ <br />
အရဟံ….၊ <br />
အရဟံ….’ စသည္ျဖင့္ စိတ္ထဲက သိမွတ္ေပးရမည္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ <br />
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ယခုဆိုလွ်င္အရဟံဂုဏ္ေတာ္အာရံုျဖင့္ၿပီးေသာစိတ္ေပါင္း
ငါးခုကို ျဖစ္ပြါးေစခဲ့ၾကၿပီျဖစ္ပါသည္။
တနည္းအားျဖင့္အရဟံဂုဏ္ေတာ္တည္းဟူေသာ ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု၌ မိမိစိတ္ကို
တစ္ႀကိမ္ထက္တစ္ႀကိ္မ္ မ်ားသထက္မ်ားလာေအာင္ပြါးမ်ားအားထုတ္ခဲ့ၾကသည္မွာ
ငါးၾကိမ္တိုင္ျပည့္ေျမာက္ခဲ့ၿပီျဖစ္၍
အရဟံဂုဏ္ေတာ္ျဖင့္ ထံုမႊမ္းထားေသာ(သို႔မဟုတ္) အရဟံဂုဏ္ေတာ္၌ကပ္၍
ေလ့က်င့္ထားအပ္ေသာ စိတ္ေပါင္း ငါးခုကို ပြါးမ်ားရယူႏိုင္ခဲ့ၾကၿပီျဖစ္ပါသည္။
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ထိုကဲ့သို႕ေသာ အရဟံဂုဏ္ေတာ္ျဖင့္ ထံုမႊမ္းထားေသာ
စိတ္ေပါင္းတစ္ႀကိမ္မွ ႏွစ္ႀကိမ္၊ အႀကိမ္ ရာေထာင္ေသာင္းသိန္း စသည္အားျဖင့္
မ်ားသထက္ မ်ားလာေအာင္အားထုတ္ရယူျခင္းကို ဂုဏ္ေတာ္ပြါးသည္ဟု ေခၚဆိုရေလသည္။
၎ကိုပင္ ဗုဒၶါႏုႆတိဘာဝနာရႈပြါးသည္ဟုေခၚဆိုရေလသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဘာဝနာဆိုတာ
ဘာကိုပြါးပါလိမ့္ ဟု တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္က ေမးလာေသာ္“ကမၼ႒ာန္းအာရံု တစ္ခုခုျဖင့္
ထံုမႊမ္းထားေသာ မိမိစိတ္ကို တစ္ႀကိမ္ထက္တစ္ႀကိမ္
မ်ားသထက္မ်ားလာေအာင္ပြါးရပါသည္” ဟု ေျဖဆိုလိမ့္မည္ျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း…။ <br />
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မွတ္ခ်က္။
။ ဤေဆာင္းပါး၌အပၸနာသို႔မေရာက္မီ ကာမကုသိုလ္ ဘာဝနာပြါးပံုကိုသာ
သိသာႏိုင္ရံုမွ် ေရးသားခဲ့ျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ နိမိတ္စသည္ကို
ပြါးမ်ားပံုအေၾကာင္းမ်ား မပါဝင္ေသးပါေၾကာင္း..။ <br />
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)<br />
<br /><br /><br /><br /><span class="photo "><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/397838_446372412111406_2078549493_n.jpg" /></span></div>
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အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-54176834147780555082013-02-24T23:23:00.004-08:002013-06-29T01:34:14.844-07:00"သည္ရုပ္နာမ္.."ခ်ိန္အခါ အတိအက်<br />
အေၾကာင္းဆံုက ျဖစ္ေပၚလာ<br />
သို႔ေပမယ့္ တယ္မၾကာတယ္<br />
မရဏာ ေသမ်ိဳး။<br />
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တကယ္ပင္ ထင္မကိုးေလနဲ႕<br />
အို နာမ်ိဳးအမွန္၊<br />
ဥပါဒ္ႏွင့္ ဌီမွ်ခံတယ္<br />
သည္ရုပ္နာမ္ ဘင္အဟုတ္ အမွန္ကြဲ႔ေလး..။<br />
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)<br />
23/02/2013 အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-9143025854884645362013-02-22T04:23:00.000-08:002013-02-22T04:34:32.937-08:00ကိုေအာင္ႏိုင္ဦးေျပာျပေသာ ငရဲအေတြ႔အႀကံဳႏွင့္ ဓမၼရသေဆာင္းပါးမ်ား<p style=" margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block;"> <a title="View ကိုေအာင္နိုင္ဦးေျပာျပေသာ ငရဲအေတြ႔အႀကံဳႏွင့္ ဓမၼရသ ေဆာင္းပါးမ်ား on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/126727613/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%A5%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC-%E1%80%84%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B2%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%82%94%E1%80%A1%E1%82%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B3%E1%82%8F%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B7-%E1%80%93%E1%80%99%E1%81%BC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9E-%E1%80%B1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" style="text-decoration: underline;" >ကိုေအာင္နိုင္ဦးေျပာျပေသာ ငရဲအေတြ႔အႀကံဳႏွင့္ ဓမၼရသ ေဆာင္းပါးမ်ား</a> by <a title="View Ashin Visarada's profile on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/ashin_visarada" style="text-decoration: underline;" >Ashin Visarada</a> </p><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/126727613/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-gg069ro1bp0jokk1xfm" data-auto-height="false" data-aspect-ratio="0.642156862745098" scrolling="no" id="doc_79513" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-84515362621180567232013-02-21T18:29:00.000-08:002013-02-21T18:29:01.719-08:00"ဖံုးလည္းအုပ္ပါ- ျခစ္လည္းထုတ္ပါ"<div class="mbl notesBlogText clearfix" style="text-align: justify;">
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ကိုထူး။ ။ ျပဳမွားခဲ့တဲ့ အကုသိုလ္အျပစ္ေတြကို ေခ်ဖ်က္လို႔ ရနိုင္ေကာင္းပါသလား ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ရႏိုင္တာလည္းရွိ- မရႏိုင္တာလည္းရွိတယ္။ ပဥၥာနႏၱရိယကံၾကီးငါးပါး
(အေမကိုသတ္တဲ့ကံ၊ အေဖကိုသတ္တဲ့ကံ၊ ရဟႏၱာကိုသတ္တဲ့ကံ၊
ဘုရားကိုေသြးစိမ္းတည္ေအာင္ ျပဳတဲ့ကံ၊ သံဃာကိုသင္းခြဲတဲ့ကံ) ကေတာ့
က်ဴးလြန္မိရင္ ေခ်ဖ်က္လို႔မရႏိုင္ေတာ့တဲ့ ကံေတြပဲ။ က်န္တဲ့ကံေတြကေတာ့
ေခ်ဖ်က္ ရင္ ေက်ပ်က္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ ဘယ္လိုေခ်ဖ်က္ရမွာပါလဲ ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ကိုယ့္ကိုယ္ကို အိုးမဲေတြ လိမ္းက်ံမိတဲ့သူတစ္ေယာက္ဟာ
ဒီအိုးမဲေတြအလူးလူးနဲ႔ ျဖစ္ေနတာကို လူေတြျမင္မွာရွက္ေၾကာက္လာတဲ့အခါ
အိုးမဲေတြေပ်ာက္သြားေအာင္ ဘယ္လိုလုပ္မလဲ။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ အေပၚကေန သနပ္ခါး လိမ္းလိုက္ပါမယ္ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ အဲဒီသနပ္ခါး ကြာက်သြားရင္ေရာ..။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ သနပ္ခါးကြာက်သြားရင္ေတာ့ အိုးမဲေတြ ျပန္ေပၚလာမွာေပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
<br />
အရွင္။
။ ဒါဆိုရင္.. သနပ္ခါးနဲ႔ ဖုံးအုပ္တဲ့နည္းက ခနတျဖဳတ္ေတာ့
ဖံုးလႊမ္းရာရေစႏိုင္ေပမယ့္၊ လံုးဝစိတ္ခ်ရတဲ့နည္းေတာ့ မဟုတ္ေသးဘူးေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ တင္ပါ့၊ လံုးဝျပန္မေပၚလာေအာင္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ျခစ္ထုတ္ၿပီး ေရေဆးပစ္လိုက္ရမွာေပါ့ ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ ဟန္က်ၿပီ။ ဒါျဖင့္ အိုးမဲဆိုတာက အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ သနပ္ခါးဆိုတာက ဒါနကုသိုလ္၊ သီလကုသိုလ္၊ သမထကုသိုလ္ကံေတြေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ဒါဆို အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြေတာ့ ရွိပါရဲ႕၊ သို႔ေသာ္ သတိတရားရၿပီး
ကုသိုလ္ကံေတြနဲ႔ ဖုံးအုပ္ထားႏိုင္လိုက္တဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ လူ႔ျပည္ နတ္ျပည္
ျဗဟၼာ့ျပည္ဆိုတဲ့ သုဂတိဘံုေတြ ကိုေတာ့ ေရာက္ႏိုင္ေသးတာေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း အဲဒီကုသိုလ္ကံ အရွိန္ေတြလည္းကုန္ေရာ၊ သနပ္ခါးေတြ ကြာက်ေတာ့
အိုးမဲေတြျပန္ေပၚလာရသလို အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြက အပါယ္ကို ျပန္ၿပီးပစ္ခ်ျပန္တာပဲ
ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ အဲဒီသေဘာကို ဝိဘင္းပါဠိေတာ္၊ ဓမၼဟဒယဝိဘဂၤ၊ ဥပၸါဒကကမၼ အာယုပၸမာဏဝါရ မွာ<br />
“ဥကၡိတၱာ
ပုညေတေဇန၊ ကာမ႐ူပဂတႎ ဂတာ။ ဘဝဂၢတမၸိ သမၸတၱာ၊ ပုနာဂစၧႏၲိ ဒုဂၢတႎ။ တာဝ
ဒီဃာယုကာ သတၱာ၊ စဝႏၲိ အာယုသခၤယာ။ နတၳိ ေကာစိ ဘေဝါ နိေစၥာ၊ ဣတိ ဝုတၱံ
မေဟသိနာ” ဆိုၿပီး ေဟာေတာ္မူထားတယ္။ ျမန္မာျပန္ အဓိပၸါယ္ကေတာ့.. “ေကာင္းမႈ
ရွိန္ေစာ္ အာႏုေဘာ္ျဖင့္ ေျမႇာက္တင္အပ္ကုန္ေသာ ပုထုဇဥ္သတၱဝါ
တို႔သည္ကာမသုဂတိ ႐ူပသုဂတိဘံုသို႔ လားရကုန္၍ ဘဝဂ္သို႔တိုင္ ေရာက္ ၾကေသာ္လည္း
တစ္ဖန္မေကာင္းေသာ လားရာ (အပါယ္ေလးဘံု) သို႔ ျပန္ေရာက္ၾကရကုန္၏။
ထိုမွ်ေလာက္ အသက္ရွည္ေသာ သတၱဝါတို႔သည္ပင္လွ်င္ အသက္တမ္းကုန္၍ ေသဆံုးရ
ကုန္၏၊ ျမဲေသာ ဘဝ အနည္းငယ္မွ် မရွိေခ်၊ ဤသို႔ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ေဟာၾကားေတာ္မူ၏”
တဲ့ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ တခါ ဆက္ၿပီး “တသၼာ ဟိ ဓီရာ နိပကာ၊ နိပုဏာ အတၳစိႏၲကာ။ ဇရာမရဏေမာကၡာယ၊
ဘာေဝႏၲိ မဂၢမုတၱမံ။ ဘာဝယိတြာ သုစႎ မဂၢံ၊ နိဗၺာေနာဂဓဂါမိနံ။ သဗၺာသေဝ ပရိညာယ၊
ပရိနိဗၺႏၲိ အနာသဝါတိ။” ဆိုၿပီး ေဟာေတာ္မူျပန္တယ္ ။ ျမန္မာျပန္အဓိပၸါယ္က..
“ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ပင္လွ်င္ ရင့္က်က္ေသာ ပညာရွိကုန္ေသာ သိမ္ေမြ႕ေသာ ပညာရွိ
ကုန္ေသာ အက်ဳိးစီးပြါးကိုၾကံစည္တတ္ကုန္ေသာ ပညာရွင္တို႔သည္ အိုမႈ ေသမႈ
လြတ္ရန္ ျမတ္ေသာ မဂ္ကို ပြါးမ်ားၾကကုန္၏။ နက္႐ႈိင္းေသာ နိဗၺာန္သို႔
ေရာက္ေၾကာင္းျဖစ္ေသာ စင္ၾကယ္ေသာ မဂ္ကို ပြါးမ်ား၍ အာသဝအလံုးစံုတို႔ကို
ပိုင္းျခားသိလ်က္ အာသဝမရွိကုန္ဘဲ ဒုကၡ ခပ္သိမ္း ၿငိမ္းၾကကုန္၏” တဲ့
ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ဆိုေတာ့.. ျပဳခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ အကုသိုလ္ေတြ ေက်ေပ်ာက္ေအာင္ ဒါန, သီလ,
သမထကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို ပြါးမ်ားအားထုတ္တယ္ ဆိုရင္ အဲဒါကို
ဖံုးအုပ္တဲ့နည္းလို႔မွတ္၊ ျပဳခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ အကုသိုလ္ေတြ ေက်ေပ်ာက္ေအာင္
မဂ္ဖိုလ္ဆိုက္သည္အထိ ပြါးမ်ားအားထုတ္ရင္ အဲဒါကို ျခစ္ထုတ္တဲ့နည္း လို႔
မွတ္ေပေတာ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ ရွင္းပါၿပီဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ဒီေနရာမွာ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕က ဝိပႆနာမွ ဝိပႆနာဆိုၿပီး၊ ဒါန, သီလ, သမထဆိုတာေတြကို
ပစ္ပယ္ဖို႔ ႀကိဳးစားလာတတ္ၾကတယ္။ တကယ္ေတာ့ အဲဒါဟာ အယူေခ်ာ္သြားတာ
တစ္မ်ိဳးပါပဲ။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ။ ဒီတစ္ဘဝတည္းနဲ႔အၿပီး တကယ္ႀကီး ကၽြတ္ႏိုင္လြတ္ႏိုင္မယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ တစ္မ်ိဳးေပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ မွန္တယ္။ တကယ္တန္းမွာ မဂ္ဖိုလ္ရဖို႔အတြက္ဆိုရင္ ဒါနတစ္ခုတည္း၊
သီလတစ္ခုတည္းနဲ႔လည္း မျဖစ္ႏိုင္သလို၊ တစ္ခုတည္းဆိုရင္
ဘာဝနာတစ္ခုတည္းနဲ႔လည္း မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေပဘူး ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ နိဗၺာန္ရဖို႔အေရးမွာ ဘာဝနာတစ္ခုတည္းနဲ႔လည္း မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဘူးဆိုတာ ဟုတ္ပါရဲ႕လားဘုရား။ နည္းနည္းမ်ား ဆန္းေနသလားလို႔။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ တိပိဋကဆရာေတာ္ဘုရားႀကီးက မဟာဗုဒၶဝင္ မွာ ဒီလိုရွင္းျပေတာ္မူခဲ့တယ္
ကိုထူးရဲ႕.. ၊ ေရာ့.. ေရာ့.. ဒီစာမ်က္မွာ (စဲ နဲ႔ ေစာ) ကို ဖတ္စမ္း။<br />
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ကိုထူး။
။ “အခ်ိဳ႕ကလည္း _ ဒါနတခုတည္းႏွင့္ နိဗၺာန္သို႔ ေရာက္ႏိုင္ပါမည္ေလာဟု
ေမးေလ့ေမးထ ရွိၾက၏။ တစ္ခုတည္းသာဆိုလွ်င္ ဒါနျဖင့္လည္း နိဗၺာန္ မေရာက္ႏိုင္၊
သီလျဖင့္လည္း နိဗၺာန္ မေရာက္ႏိုင္၊ ဘာဝနာျဖင့္လည္း နိဗၺာန္ မေရာက္ႏိုင္ဟူ၍
ေျဖရေပမည္။ အေၾကာင္းကိုဆိုေသာ္… “ဒါနတစ္ခုတည္း” ဟု ဆိုရာမွာ သီလႏွင့္ဘာဝနာ
မပါဟု အဓိပၸါယ္ ယူရသကဲ့သို႔၊ “ဘာဝနာတစ္ခုတည္း”ဟု ဆိုလိုက္လွ်င္လည္း
ဒါနႏွင့္သီလ မပါဟူ၍ အဓိပၸါယ္ ယူရမည္ ျဖစ္၏။ သီလမပါလွ်င္ ဒုစရိုက္မႈေတြကို
ျပဳက်င့္ေနေသာ ဒုစရိုက္တံုး ဒုစရိုက္ေကာင္ၾကီးသာ ျဖစ္၏။
ထိုဒုစရိုက္တုံးႀကီးသည္ မည္သို႔ပင္ ဘာဝနာတရား ပြါးမ်ားေစကာမူ …
“အလြန္ေကာင္းလွစြာေသာ မ်ိဳးေစ့ကို ရဲရဲေတာက္ေနေသာ သံခဲႀကီးေပၚမွာ
တင္လိုက္လွ်င္ အညြန္႔အေညွာက္ မထြက္ႏိုင္ပဲ ခဏအတြင္း ျပာက်သြားသကဲ့သို႔၊
ဒုစရိုက္တံုး ဒုစရိုက္ေကာင္ႀကီး ပြါးမ်ားအပ္ေသာ ဘာဝနာသည္လည္း
ဘာဝနာအျဖစ္သို႔မေရာက္ ခ်က္ခ်င္းပင္ ဘာဝနာသေဘာ ပ်က္စီးသြားမည္သာ ျဖစ္၏။”
သို႔ျဖစ္၍ “တခုတည္း”ဟူေသာ စကားကို ဒါနမွာ ထည့္သြင္း၍ ေမးျမန္းျခင္းသည္
မသင့္ေလ်ာ္ေသာ ေမးျမန္းျခင္းသာ ျဖစ္သည္ဟု မွတ္ယူအပ္၏။” ပါတဲ့ ဘုရား..။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ ကဲ.. ရွင္းၿပီလား။<br />
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ကိုထူး။
။ မွန္ပါ့။ ဒါဆို တပည့္ေတာ္တို႔အေနနဲ႔က ျပဳခဲ့ၿပီးသား အကုသိုလ္ေတြကို
ေခ်ဖ်က္တဲ့အခါ ဖံုးအုပ္တဲ့နည္းလမ္း (ဒါန သီလ သမထ) ကိုေရာ ၊
ျခစ္ထုတ္တဲ့နည္းလမ္း (ဝိပႆနာ) ကိုေရာ အသံုးျပဳရမွာေပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ အဲသလိုပဲ ျဖစ္သင့္တာေပါ့ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။ သမၼပၸဓာနတရားေလးပါးကို ၾကည့္ပါ။<br />
(၁) မျဖစ္ေသးတဲ့ အကုသိုလ္ေတြကို မျဖစ္ေအာင္။<br />
(၂) ျဖစ္ၿပီးသား အကုသိုလ္ေတြကို ပယ္ႏိုင္ေအာင္။<br />
(၃) မျဖစ္ေသးတဲ့ ကုသိုလ္ေတြကို ျဖစ္လာေအာင္။<br />
(၄)
ျဖစ္ၿပီးသားကုသိုလ္ေတြကို တိုးပြါးလာေအာင္.. ႀကိဳးစားၾကရမတဲ့ ကိုထူးရဲ႕၊
ဆိုေတာ့.. အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို ေခ်ဖ်က္ႏိုင္ဖို႔အတြက္သာဆိုရင္
နည္းစံုသံုးၾကရမွာပဲေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့။ ဒါဆို
ဆရာေတာ့္ ဥပမာကိုပဲ နည္းနည္း ေစာဒက တက္ပါရေစဘုရား။ ေအာက္မွာ အိုးမဲ၊
သူ႔အေပၚက သနပ္ခါး၊ တစ္ခါ ေယာင္မွားၿပီး ကိုယ့္ဘာသာ လိမ္းမိျပန္တာက အိုးမဲ၊
အဲဒါကို ဖုံးအုပ္ခ်င္ျပန္ေတာ့ သနပ္ခါး၊ ဒီလိုနဲ႔ အိုးမဲတစ္ထပ္၊
သနပ္ခါးတစ္ထပ္၊ တစ္ခါ တစ္ခါမ်ား အိုးမဲခ်ည္းပဲ အထပ္ထပ္၊ ၿပီးမွ
သနပ္ခါးတစ္ထပ္၊ ဒီလို ျဖစ္ေနတာပါဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။ ။ ဟုတ္တယ္၊
ဒါေၾကာင့္လည္း ေကာင္းက်ိဳးေပးလိုက္၊ မေကာင္းက်ိဳးေပးလိုက္၊ တစ္ခါတစ္ခါ
မေကာင္းက်ိဳးေတြ ဆက္တိုက္ေပးလိုက္၊ ေကာင္းက်ိဳးကေလးတစ္ခု ေပးလာျပန္လိုက္၊
အဲသလုိ ျဖစ္ေနၾကတာေပါ့။ ကဲ.. ဆက္စမ္းပါဦး။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။
မွန္ပါ့၊ အဲသလိုအေနအထားမွာ အထဲက အိုးမဲေတြကို ျခစ္ထုတ္ေဆးေၾကာ
လိုက္မယ္ဆိုရင္ အေပၚကဖံုးအုပ္ထားတဲ့ သနပ္ခါးေတြပါ ပါကုန္မွာေပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ဟုတ္တယ္၊ အဲသလိုပါကုန္မယ္ေလ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အဲဒါမ်ိဳးက အရဟတၱမဂ္ အဆင့္ေရာက္မွ
ျဖစ္တဲ့သေဘာပါ။ အဲသလို အကုသိုလ္ (အိုးမဲ)၊ ကုသိုလ္ (သနပ္ခါး) ေတြကို
အကုန္ျခစ္ထုတ္ပယ္ခြါ လိုက္ႏိုင္ၿပီဆိုတဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ အကုသိုလ္ကံ-
ကုသိုလ္ကံေတြရယ္လို႔ မရွိေတာ့ဘူး၊ အသစ္အသစ္ ထပ္ျပဳသမွ်သည္လည္း
(ကံမဟုတ္ေတာ့ဘဲ) ႀကိယာလို႔ပဲ ေျပာၾကရေတာ့တယ္။ အဲဒါ ရဟႏၱာအဆင့္မွာမွ
ျဖစ္တဲ့သေဘာပါ။ အဲဒီမွာ အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို ရွင္းပလိုက္ႏိုင္တဲ့အတြက္
အပါယ္ကိုေရာက္စရာလည္း မရွိေတာ့ဘူး၊ ကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို
ရွင္းပလို္က္ႏိုင္တဲ့အတြက္ သုဂတိဘံုေတြကို ေရာက္စရာလည္း မရွိေတာ့ဘူး။ တကယ္က
အပါယ္ဘံုေတြမွာသာ ဒုကၡရွိတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး၊ သုဂတိဘံုေတြမွာေရာ အိုေဘး-နာေဘး-
ေသေဘး- အမြဲေဘး- အငတ္ေဘး- အကြဲေဘးစတဲ့ ဒုကၡေတြရွိတာပါပဲ။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။နားလည္ေအာင္ ထပ္ေျပာရရင္ လူသာမန္ေတြအျမင္မွာ သနပ္ခါးဆိုတာ
အိုးမဲနဲ႔စာရင္ ၾကည့္ေပ်ာ္ရႈေပ်ာ္ ရွိတယ္လို႔ ေျပာလို႔ရေပမယ့္၊ တကယ့္
က်င့္ႀကံအားထုတ္ေနတဲ့ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းေတြရဲ႕ အျမင္မွာေတာ့ သနပ္ခါးကေလး
အေဖြးသားနဲ႔ ဆိုရင္ကိုပဲ ရွက္စရာလို႔ ထင္မိတတ္ၾကတာမ်ိဳးေပါ့ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ သေဘာေပါက္ပါၿပီဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ဆိုေတာ့ ျပဳမွားခဲ့တဲ့ အကုသိုလ္ကံ (အိုးမဲ) ေတြကို ေခ်ဖ်က္ဖို႔ဆိုရာမွာ
ေသာတာပတၱိမဂ္ကုသိုလ္ ဆိုတဲ့ ေရစင္ေရေအးနဲ႔ မျခစ္ထုတ္ မေဆးေၾကာနိုင္ေသးခင္၊
အျခား ဒါန သီလ သထမ ဆိုတဲ့ ကုသိုလ္ သနပ္ခါးေတြနဲ႕ ဖံုးအုပ္ထားနိုင္ေအာင္ေတာ့
ႀကိဳးစားၾကရမွာေပါ့ ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ ဒီဘဝမွာတင္ အၿပီး ျခစ္ထုတ္နိုင္ခဲ့ရင္ေတာ့
အတိုင္းအထက္အလြန္ေကာင္းတာေပါ့။ သို႔ေသာ္ အဲသလိုလည္း
မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ခဲ့ဘူးဆိုရင္ေတာ့ သုဂတိဘံုဘဝတစ္ခုခုကိုေတာ့ အနည္းဆံုးရမွ ျဖစ္မယ္
ကိုထူးရဲ႕၊ အဲဒီမွာ ဆက္ၿပီး အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို
ျခစ္ထုတ္ဖို႔အခြင့္ရႏိုင္တာေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါတယ္ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ တကယ္ေတာ့ ပုထုဇဥ္မွန္ရင္ အကုသိုလ္ကံကို အနည္းနဲ႔အမ်ား
မက်ဴးလြန္ခဲ့ဖူးသူရယ္လို႔ ေလာကမွာ မရွိႏိုင္ေပဘူး။ ကိုယ္မွားခဲ့တာကို
မွားမွန္းသိၿပီး ေခ်ဖ်က္ႏိုင္ဖို႔ ႀကိဳးစားရေကာင္းမွန္းသိရင္ကိုပဲ
အေတာ္ႀကီး ဟုတ္ေနၿပီ။ တကယ္လည္းႀကိဳးစားတယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ အတိုင္းထက္အလြန္ေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ အဲဒါကို ပ႒ာန္းပါဠိေတာ္ႀကီးမွာ.. “ပါဏံ ဟႏ႖ာ တႆ ပဋိဃာတတၱာယ ဒါနံ ေဒတိ၊
သီလံ သမာဒိယတိ၊ ဥေပါသထကမၼံ ကေရာတိ၊ စ်ာနံ ဥပၸါေဒတိ၊ ဝိပႆနံ ဥပၸါေဒတိ၊ မဂၢံ
ဥပၸါေဒတိ၊ အဘိညံ ဥပၸါေဒတိ၊ သမာပတၱႎ ဥပၸါေဒတိ” စသည္ျဖင့္ ေဟာေတာ္မူထားတယ္။
အဓိပၸါယ္က “သူတစ္ပါး အသက္ကို သတ္ျဖတ္မွားမိၿပီး ထိုအျပစ္ေတြ
ေပ်ာက္ကင္းေစျခင္းငွါ အလွဴေပး၏၊ သီလေဆာက္တည္၏၊ ဥပုသ္ေဆာက္တည္က်င့္သံုး၏၊
သမထစ်ာန္ကို ျဖစ္ေစ၏၊ ဝိပႆနာဉာဏ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစ၏၊ မဂ္ဉာဏ္ကိုျဖစ္ေစ၏၊
အဘိညာဏ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစ၏၊ သမာပတ္ကို ျဖစ္ေစ၏” လို႔ ဆိုလိုတယ္။ ဥပမာေပးရရင္
အရွင္အဂၤုလိမာလ မေထရ္တို႔လိုေပါ့။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ အင္း.. အဲဒါတင္မကေသးဘူး၊ သူ႕ဥစၥာကို ခိုးျခင္း၊ လိမ္လည္ျခင္း၊
ကုန္းတိုက္ျခင္း၊ ဆဲဆိုျခင္း၊ အက်ိဳးမဲ့စကားကို ဆိုျခင္း၊
သူ႔ပိုင္နက္နယ္စပ္ကို ခ်ိဳးဖ်က္ျခင္း၊ ပုန္းေအာင္း၍ ဓားျပတိုက္ျခင္း၊
အိမ္တြင္းသို႔ဝင္၍ ဓားျပတိုက္ျခင္း၊ လမ္းခရီး၌ ဓားျပ တိုက္ျခင္း၊
သူ႔သားမယားကို က်ဴးလြန္ျခင္း၊ ရြာကိုဓားျပတိုက္ျခင္း၊ ၿမိဳ႕ကို
ဓားျပတိုက္ျခင္း စတဲ့ အကုသိုလ္ကံဆိုးေတြကို ျပဳက်င့္မိၿပီး အဲဒီအျပစ္ေတြကို
ေခ်ဖ်က္ဖို႔အတြက္ ဒါနျပဳ၊ သီလေဆာက္တည္၊ သမထစ်ာန္ကို ရေအာင္အားထုတ္၊
ဝိပႆနာဉာဏ္ရင့္သန္ေအာင္အားထုတ္၊ မဂ္ဉာဏ္ကိုရေအာင္အားထုတ္၊ အဘိညာဏ္ကို
ရေအာင္အားထုတ္၊ သမာပတ္ကို ရေအာင္အားထုတ္ တာမ်ိဳးေတြလည္း ရွိတဲ့အေၾကာင္း
ပ႒ာန္းပါဠိေတာ္ႀကီးမွာ ေဟာေတာ္မူထားပါေသးတယ္။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ မွန္ပါ့ဘုရား။<br />
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အရွင္။
။ တကယ္ေတာ့ ဒါေတြဟာ ျပဳခဲ့မွားတဲ့ အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို ေခ်ဖ်က္ဖို႔
ႀကိဳးစားၾကတာခ်ည္းပါပဲ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ အေပၚကဖုံုးအုပ္တာမ်ိဳးကိုလည္း အထင္မေသးရ၊
အဲဒါနဲ႔တင္လည္း ေက်နပ္ မေနရ၊ ျခစ္ထုတ္ႏိုင္ဖို႔ပါ ႀကိဳးစားၾကရမွာပါပဲ
ကိုထူးရဲ႕။<br />
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ကိုထူး။ ။ ေက်းဇူးႀကီးလွပါတယ္ဘုရား။
ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း သေဘာေပါက္ပါၿပီ။ ျပဳမွားခဲ့တဲ့ အကုသိုလ္ကံေတြကို
ဒါနသီလသမထကုသိုလ္ကံေတြနဲ႔ ဖံုးအုပ္နိုင္ေအာင္လည္း ႀကိဳးစားပါ့မယ္ဘုရား၊
ဝိပႆနာဉာဏ္ကေန မဂ္ဉာဏ္ကိုျဖစ္ေစၿပီး ျခစ္ထုတ္ႏိုင္ေအာင္လည္း
ႀကိဳးစားပါေတာ့မယ္ဘုရား။<br />
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)<br />
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<span class="photo "><img alt="" class="photo_img img" src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-h-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/s720x720/13187_419032718178709_845929129_n.jpg" /></span></div>
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အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-26770929497533231512013-02-19T23:17:00.004-08:002013-02-19T23:17:49.591-08:00ေမာင္းေထာင္ေျမဇင္းနည္း အလင္းနိမိတ္ အျမင္မ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ (ဖတ္လြယ္ေအာင္ ပံုစံအသစ္ ေျပာင္းေရးထားပါသည္)<div style="text-align: justify;">
အမွာစကားႀကိဳတင္ ေရးသားလိုပါသည္။ ယခုေဆာင္းပါး၌ ေမးထားေသာ
ပုစၦာမ်ားမွာ ေျမဇင္းရိပ္သာ ရက္ေျခာက္ဆယ္ တရားစခန္းတစ္ခုမွ ထြက္လာေသာ
ေျမဇင္းေယာဂီေဟာင္း ဒကာမတစ္ဦး ၏ ေမးျမန္းခ်က္ မ်ားျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ အေျဖမ်ားမွာ
သမထ-ဝိပႆနာ ဘာဝနာကို အားထုတ္ေနၾကသူ ေယာဂီမ်ား အတြက္ အေထာက္အကူတစ္ခု
ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေကာင္းသည္ ဟု ယူဆမိ၍ စာေရးသူ ကိုယ္တိုင္
ေျဖဆိုထားခဲ့ သည္မ်ားျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ဤေမးခြန္းမ်ားကို ေျဖၾကားရာ၌
မိမိဉာဏ္မွီသမွ် စာေပမ်ားႏွင့္ မိမိ၏ အေတြ႔အႀကံဳမ်ား ၊ ေလ့လာမႈမ်ားကို
အားကိုးျပဳ၍ ရိုးသားစြာ ေျဖၾကားေပးထားပါသည္။</div>
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ယခင္တင္ထားခဲ့ေသာ
အေမးအေျဖမ်ားမွာ အေမးက တစ္ေနရာ၊ အေျဖကတစ္ေနရာျဖစ္၍
အတန္ငယ္ၾကည့္ရႈရခက္ေသာေၾကာင့္ ၊ ယခုကဲ့သို႔ အေမးတစ္ခု အေျဖတစ္ခုပံုစံ
ျပန္လည္ေရးသား လိုက္ျခင္းသာျဖစ္ၿပီး အႏွစ္သာရပိုင္းမွာ မူလအတိုင္းပင္
ရွိပါေၾကာင္း သိေစအပ္ပါသည္။</div>
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ပညာ့ရွင္မ်ားကို
ပန္ၾကားေတာင္းပန္လိုသည္မွာ ဤအေမးအေျဖမ်ားသည္ ပဋိပတ္နယ္ပယ္မွ
အေမးအေျဖမ်ားျဖစ္၍ ပရိယတ္စံေပတံျဖင့္ ခ်ိန္ကိုက္သည့္အခါ
ခၽြတ္ေခ်ာ္မႈမ်ားေတြ႔ျမင္ေတာ္မူၾက ပါမူ.. ေျဖဆိုသူ၏အက်ိဳး၊
ဖတ္ရႈမွတ္သားၾကမည့္ ေယာဂီ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းမ်ား၏ အက်ိဳးကို ရႈငဲ့ေသာအားျဖင့္
အမွန္ျပင္ဆင္ ေပးေတာ္မူၾကပါရန္ က်ိဳးႏြံေသာ စိတ္ထားျဖင့္
ဖိတ္မန္ၾကားရ ပါေၾကာင္း.....။</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)</div>
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အေမး
(၁)။ ။ အရွင္ဘုရား၊ တပည့္ေတာ္ မရွင္းတာေတြ ၊ ဥာဏ္မမီတာေတြပါ ဘုရား၊
ကပ္ကပ္သပ္သပ္ ေမးတယ္လို႔ေတာ့ မထင္ေစခ်င္ပါဘုရား..။ နိမိတ္နဲ႔ဘုရားဖူးတဲ့အခါ
ျမင္ရတဲ႕ ပံုရိပ္ေတြက ပညတ္ပံုရိပ္ေတြလား။</div>
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အေျဖ (၁) ။ ။ မွန္ပါတယ္။ ပညတ္ပံုရိပ္ေတြပါ။</div>
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အေမး (၂) ။ ။ အဘိဓမၼာ ရွဳ ေထာင္႕ကေန ေျပာရင္ ဘာ နဲ႕ဘာနဲ႕ တိုက္တာလို႔ ေျပာႏိုင္မလဲ။</div>
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အေျဖ (၂) ။ ။ ဓမၼာရံုနဲ႔ မေနာဒြါရ တိုက္တာပါ။</div>
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အေမး (၃) ။ ။ “တာ၀တိ ံသာတို႔၊ ငရဲျပည္တို႕” လို ကိုယ္ မသိတဲ႕၊ ဒီဘ၀ မွာ မေရာက္ဘူးေသးတဲ႕ ေနရာက ပံုရိပ္ေတြကို ဘယ္လို အာရံုျပဳတာလဲ။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၃)။ ။ ဒီဘဝမွာ တစ္ခါမွ မျမင္ဖူး၊ မေရာက္ဖူးေသးတဲ့ ေနရာေတြ ျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္
အသစ္အသစ္ေသာ အာရံုအသစ္အဆန္းေတြကို အာရံုျပဳသလိုပဲ အာရံုျပဳပါတယ္။
နားလည္ေအာင္.. ဥပမာေလး ေပးပါ့မယ္..။ ဒကာမအေနနဲ႔ ဘဝမွာ တစ္ခါမွ မေရာက္ဖူးတဲ့
ေနရာအသစ္အဆန္းမ်ိဳးေတြကို သြားလာဖူးမွာပါ ( ဥပမာ.. ကိုယ္တစ္ခါမွ
မေရာက္ဖူးတဲ့ ရန္ကုန္- မႏၱေလးစတဲ့ တစ္ၿမိဳ႕ၿမိဳ႕ကို) သြားရင္ ပထမအေခါက္မွာ
လမ္းေတြ၊ အေဆာက္အဦးအေနအထားေတြဟာ ဒကာမအတြက္ အသစ္အဆန္းေတြခ်ည္း
ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ၿမိဳ႕ထဲကို တစ္ေယာက္ထဲ ေလွ်ာက္လည္ၾကည့္ရင္ …
တို႔ၿမိဳ႕နဲ႕လည္း မတူဘူးလို႔ ထင္ေကာင္းထင္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဟုတ္မွ ဟုတ္ရဲ႕လား
(ဒါမွမဟုတ္) ဟုတ္လွခ်ည္လား လို႕လည္း ထင္ေကာင္းထင္တတ္ပါတယ္။ ခရီးလမ္းကိုလည္း
မကၽြမ္းက်င္တဲ့အတြက္.. စမ္းတဝါးဝါး စိုးတထိတ္ထိတ္နဲ႔ သြားလာမိပါလိမ့္မယ္။
သို႔ေသာ္ အဲဒီၿမိဳ႕မွာပဲ အေနၾကာသြားလို႔ ရွိရင္ျဖင့္ ေနာက္အေခါက္ေတြမွာ
လမ္းေတြကို လည္း မွတ္မိလာ၊ အိမ္ေတြကိုလည္း မွတ္မိလာတဲ့အတြက္ ေနသားက်သြားမွာ
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္..။</div>
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အဲသလိုပါပဲ… ဘဝမွာ တစ္ခါမွ မရဖူးတဲ့
အသိဉာဏ္စြမ္းအား (အလင္းနိမိတ္ေတြေၾကာင့္) တစ္ခါ မွ အာရံုမျပဳဖူးတဲ့ တာဝတိ
ံသာတို႕၊ ငရဲျပည္တို႕ကို အာရံုျပဳရတဲ့အခါ အစပိုင္းမွာ ခက္ခဲတတ္ပါတယ္။
ျမင္ကြင္းေတြ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း ရွိခ်င္မွ ရွိတတ္ပါတယ္။ သို႕ေသာ္
တစ္ၾကိမ္ထက္ တစ္ႀကိမ္ ျမင္ကြင္းေတြ ပီျပင္လာတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။</div>
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ဒီေနရာမွာ
သံသယျဖစ္တတ္တာေလးေတြကို နည္းနည္းျဖည့္စြက္ပါရေစဦး.. အျပင္ေလာကမွာပင္..
ကိုယ္တစ္ခါမွ မေရာက္ဖူးတဲ့ ေနရာကို သြားေတာ့မယ္ ဆိုရင္
ေရာက္ေပါက္ဖူးသူမ်ားကို ေမးျမန္းၿပီးမွ ကိုယ္သြားမယ့္ ေဒသရဲ႕ အေနအထားကို
ၾကိဳတင္ျမင္ေယာင္ မွန္းဆၾကည့္ၿပီးမွ သြားလာတတ္ၾကတာပါ။ <strong>အဲသည္လို
(ဦးျဖဴက ေျပာလိုက္တယ္ ၊ ေရွ႕ကလမ္းေထာင့္မွာေတာ့ ဘယ္ဟာ ရွိသတဲ့၊ ညာဘက္ကို
ေကြ႔လိုက္ရင္ ဘယ္အေဆာက္အဦးကို ေတြ႔မတဲ့ စသည္ျဖင့္) ႀကိဳတင္
ျမင္ေယာင္မွန္းဆမႈမ်ိဳးကို မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ imagination လို႔
ေခၚနိုင္မလား..။ </strong></div>
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အကယ္၍ အဲဒါမ်ိဳးကို
မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ imagination လို႔ မေခၚနိုင္ဘူးဆိုရင္.. တစ္ခါမွ
မေရာက္ဖူးတဲ့ တာဝတိ ံသာတို႔၊ ငရဲျပည္တို႔လို ေနရာမ်ိဳးကို
နိမိတ္စြမ္းအားနဲ႔ သြားေရာက္ ၾကည့္ရႈၾကမယ့္ သူေတြအတြက္
ေရာက္ဖူးျမင္ဖူးထားသူေတြက ဒီလို ဒီလို ရွိပါတယ္ဆိုၿပီး လမ္းခင္းေပးတဲ့အေပၚ
ပံုေဖာ္ၾကည့္တာကိုေရာ… မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ imagination သက္သက္မွ်သာ ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔
စြပ္စြဲနိုင္ေကာင္းပါ့မလား..?</div>
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ဒီေနရာမွာ ဆိုင္ရာ ဒြါရေတြနဲ႔ ဆိုင္ရာ အာရံုအေၾကာင္းေတြကို ေလ့လာသင့္ၾကပါတယ္..။</div>
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<b><u><span class="fbUnderline"><strong> ဒြါရႏွင့္ အာရံု</strong>တရားမ်ား</span></u></b></div>
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စကၡဳဒြါရမွာျဖစ္တဲ့စိတ္
(၄၆)ပါး၊ ေသာတဒြါရမွာျဖစ္တဲ့စိတ္ (၄၆) ပါး စတဲ့ ပဥၥဒြါရမွာ
ျဖစ္တဲ့စိတ္ေတြဟာ ပစၥဳပၸန္ ပဥၥာရံု ( အဆင္း၊ အသံ၊ အနံ႕၊ အရသာ၊ အေတြ႔အထိ)
ကိုသာ အသီးသီး အာရံုျပဳနိုင္ၾကပါတယ္။ <strong>မေနာဒြါရမွာျဖစ္တဲ့စိတ္ (၆၇)
ပါးကေတာ့ ထိုက္သင့္သည့္အားေလ်ာ္စြာ ပစၥပၸဳန္- အတိတ္- အနာဂတ္
အာရံုမ်ားအျပင္ ကာလသံုးပါးကလြတ္တဲ့ (နိဗၺာန္၊ ပညတ္) အာရံုမ်ားကိုပါ
မိမိတို႔ စြမ္းအားအေလ်ာက္ အာရံုျပဳနိုင္ၾကပါတယ္။</strong></div>
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<strong>အေမး (၄) ။ ။ </strong>၀ိညာတ ဓမၼာရံု ဆိုတာေတာ႕ ၾကားဘူးတယ္ ဘုရား၊ အတိတ္ အာရံုေတြကိုပဲ ျပန္မိတာ မဟုတ္ဘူးလား၊ အနာဂတ္အာရံုေတြ ကေတာ႕ စိတ္ကူးသက္သက္ပဲလား။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၄) ။ ။ “အနာဂတ္အာရံုေတြကေကာ စိတ္ကူးသက္သက္ပဲလား” ဆိုတဲ့အေမးကို
ေျဖရရင္ “အနာဂတ္အာရံုေတြဟာ စိတ္ကူးသက္သက္မွ်သာမဟုတ္ပါဘူး” လို႔ ေျဖရမွာပါ။
သၿဂိၤဳဟ္ဘာသာဋီကာ ထဲမွာ မေနာဒြါရ၌ ထင္နိုင္တဲ့ အာရံုေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး
ေတာင္ၿမိဳ႕၊ မဟာဂႏၶာရံုဆရာေတာ္ႀကီးက “မေနာဒါြရ၌ လြန္ေလၿပီးေသာ
အတိတ္ရုပ္နာမ္တရား၊ မျဖစ္ေသးေသာ အနာဂတ္ရုပ္နာမ္တရား ၊ ျဖစ္တုန္းဆဲဆဲျဖစ္ေသာ
ပစၥဳပၸန္ ရုပ္နာမ္တရား (ပဥၥဒြါရ၌ ထင္လာတတ္သည့္ ရူပါရံုစေသာ
အာရံု(၅)ပါးလည္း ပါဝင္သည္၊) ထင္ရွားမရွိေသာ ပညတ္ အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး
အလြန္သိမ္ေမြ႔ နက္နဲေသာ နိဗၺာန္တရားမ်ားလည္း ထင္လာႏိုင္ၾကသည္” ဟု ရွင္းလင္း
ေရးျပေတာ္မူထားပါတယ္။ [သၿဂၤိဳဟ္ဘာသာဋီကာ- စာ- ၂၄၀]</div>
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ထိုသို႔ထင္လာနိုင္ၾကျခင္း၏ အေၾကာင္းတရားမ်ားကိုလည္း “<em><strong>
ေတြ႔-အၾကား၊ႏွစ္ပါးရယ္ႏွင့္ စပ္၍ႀကံဳ၊… သဒၶါယံု- ကိုယ္အႀကိဳက္ကယ္ႏွင့္၊
ျခင္းရာကို ႀကံကာႏိႈက္၊ ကိန္းဆိုက္အာရံု။ ဉာဏ္အမႈ- ႀကံရႈ၍ ႏွစ္သက္ပံု၊
ကံအဟုန္တန္ခိုး၊ …ဓာတ္ေခါဘံ၊ နတ္မ်ားငယ္ေဆာ္ဖန္လို႔ ၊ ေလ်ာ္ကန္ေတာ္မွန္
သိတာေၾကာင့္၊ ဘဝင္မွာ ထင္လာၿငိရတယ္၊ က်မ္းရွိလက္ရိုး။</strong></em>”
ရယ္လို႔ ေဆာင္ပုဒ္လကၤာ ေရးစီျပေတာ္မူခဲ့ပါတယ္။ {ဤလကၤာအက်ယ္ကို ေယာဂီမ်ား
ဉာဏ္ရွင္းပါေစျခင္းအက်ိဳးငွါ ဤေဆာင္းပါးေအာက္ေျခတြင္ ဓာတ္ပံုျဖင့္
ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။}</div>
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ေမးခြန္းမွာပါတဲ့ "ဝိညာတဓမၼာရံုဆိုတာကေတာ့
သိအပ္တဲ့တရား (ဓမၼာရံု) ကို ေခၚဆိုတာပါ။ ဗာဟိရဒါရုစိရိယကို ေဟာေတာ္မူတဲ့
“ဒိ႒၊ သုတ၊ မုတ၊ ဝိညာတ” ဆိုတဲ့ အထဲက ေနာက္ပိတ္ဆံုး ေလးခုေျမာက္ပါ။
အဲဒီေလးပါးကို ဆိုင္ရာ ဒါြရေတြနဲ႔ တြဲၿပီး နည္းနည္းေလာက္
ခ်ဲ႕ေျပာပါ့မယ္..။</div>
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၁။ ဒိ႒ = ျမင္အပ္ေသာတရား = ႐ူပါ႐ုံ ( စကၡဳဒြါရဝီထိ- မေနာဒြါရဝီထိ နာမ္တရားအစုက အာရံုျပဳ)</div>
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၂။ သုတ = ၾကားအပ္ေသာတရား = သဒၵါ႐ုံ (ေသာတဒြါရဝီထိ- မေနာဒြါရဝီထိ နာမ္တရားအစုက အာရံုျပဳ)</div>
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၃။
မုတ = ေတြ႕အပ္ေသာတရား = ဂႏၶာ႐ုံ၊ ရသာ႐ုံ၊ ေဖာ႒ဗၺာ႐ုံ (ဃာနဒြါရဝီထိ-
မေနာဒြါရဝီထိ၊ ဇိဝွါဒြါရဝီထိ- မေနာဒြါရဝီထိ၊ ကာယဒြါရဝီထိ - မေနာဒြါရဝီထိ
နာမ္တရားအစုတို႔က အစဥ္အတိုင္း ထိုက္သင့္သည့္အားေလ်ာ္စြာ အာရံုျပဳ)။</div>
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၄။ ဝိညာတ = သိအပ္ေသာတရား = ဓမၼာ႐ုံ (မေနာဒြါရဝီထိနာမ္တရားအစုက အာရံုျပဳ)</div>
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ဒီေနရာမွာ
မေနာဒြါရဝီထိနာမ္တရားအစုဟာ အာရံုေျခာက္ပါးလံုးကို အာရံုျပဳနိုင္တာကို
သတိျပဳခဲ့မိမွာပါ။ ပစၥဳပၸန္ ရူပါရံုကို အာရံုျပဳတဲ့ မေနာဒြါရဝီထိ
နာမ္တရားအစုဆိုတာ အဲဒီရူပါရံုကို အာရံုျပဳတဲ့ စကၡဳဒြါရဝီထိ ေနာက္မွာ
ကပ္လိုက္လာတဲ့ မေနာဒြါရမွာျဖစ္တဲ့ နာမ္တရားအစု ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ နိမိတ္နဲ႔
ရႈျမင္ရတဲ့ နတ္ျပည္စတဲ့ (ရူပါရံု မဟုတ္တဲ့) ပညတ္ဓမၼာရံုေတြကိုက်ေတာ့
စကၡဳဒါြရမွာျဖစ္တဲ့ နာမ္တရားအစုနဲ႔ အာရံုျပဳတာမဟုတ္ပဲ၊
(စကၡဳဒြါရဝီထိေနာက္က ကပ္လိုက္လာတာမဟုတ္တဲ့ ) မေနာဒြါရမွာျဖစ္တဲ့
နာမ္တရားအစုက အာရံုျပဳတာ ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ သိမွတ္ရမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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အဲဒီလို
စကၡဳဒြါရ စတဲ့ အျခားေသာ ဒြါရေတြေနာက္က ကပ္လိုက္လာတာမ်ိဳးမဟုတ္ပဲ၊ ဓမၼာရံု
ကိုသာ အာရံုျပဳတဲ့ မေနာဒြါရဝီထိမွာျဖစ္တဲ့ တရားအစုဟာ အတိတ္-ပစၥဳပၸန္-
အနာဂတ္ ကာလ သံုးရပ္လံုးမွာျဖစ္တဲ့ အာရံုကိုသာမက၊ နိဗၺာန္ႏွင့္ ပညတ္ ဆိုတဲ့
ကာလသံုးပါးကလြတ္တဲ့ အာရံုေတြကိုလည္း ထိုက္သင့္သည့္အားေလ်ာ္စြာ အာရံု
ျပဳနိုင္တယ္လို႔ မွတ္သားသင့္ပါတယ္။</div>
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ေမးခြန္း (၅)။ ။
အရွင္ဘုရားတုန္းကေကာ ဘယ္လို သံသယေတြ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ၿပီး၊ ဘယ္လို ဆင္ျခင္ၿပီး
အမွန္ဉာဏ္ ျဖစ္လာသလဲ ဆိုတာေလးပါ ေျပာျပေပးပါလား။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၅)။ ။ ဦးဇင္းတုန္းကလည္း ဒကာမမွာ ျဖစ္တဲ့ သံသယမ်ိဳးေတြ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ၿပီး
ကံအားေလ်ာ္စြာ ရိပ္သာကို ေရာက္လာတဲ့ ေျမဇင္းေယာဂီေဟာင္း
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ေအးဆိုတဲ့ ဒကာႀကီးက ဦးဇင္းသံသယေတြကို ရွင္းေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။</div>
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>အတိတ္ဘဝကိုျပန္ျမင္ၾကပံုႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍</strong></span></div>
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ေမးခြန္း (၆) ။ ။ စိတ္ ရဲ႕ အရာက်ယ္ပံု ကို နည္း နည္းေတာ႕ ရိပ္မိေပမဲ႕ ဂဃနဏ သံသယေျပတဲ႕ ထိ သိခ်င္တာပါ ဘုရား..။ ဥပမာ၊ အတိတ္ဘ၀ ေတြ ျပန္ျမင္တာ၊ ဘယ္ လို သေဘာပါလဲ၊ အဓိက က သမာဓိ ေၾကာင္႕ ျမင္ရ တာလား၊ ဇာတိႆရ ဥာဏ္ရ တဲ႕ သူေတြ နဲ႕ ေကာ ဘယ္ လို ကြာပါသလဲ...။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၆) ။ ။ စိတ္ရဲ႕ အရာက်ယ္ပံုကို ဂဃနဏ သံသယေျပတဲ့အထိ သိခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့
အဘိဓမၼာသေဘာ ကို က်ၾကနဏ ပိုင္ပိုင္နိုင္နိုင္ျဖစ္ေအာင္ သင္ယူရမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဒီနည္းနဲ႔ အားထုတ္လို႕ အတိတ္ဘဝကို ျပန္ျမင္ရတာက အတိတ္ဘဝကို
အာရံုျပဳနိုင္စြမ္းတဲ့ သဒၶါ၊ ဝီရိယ၊ သတိ၊ သမာဓိ၊ ပညာ တို႔ေၾကာင့္
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ <strong>အထူးသျဖင့္ ပစၥယပရိဂၢဟဉာဏ္အဆင့္မွာ ပါရွိတဲ့ ပညာျပ႒ာန္းတဲ့ သဒၶါ၊ ဝီရိယ၊ သတိ၊ သမာဓိတို႔ေၾကာင့္ ျမင္ရတာလို႔ ေျပာနိုင္မယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္</strong>..။</div>
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ဇာတိႆရဉာဏ္ကို
ရသူေတြဟာ အတိတ္ဘဝက ဘယ္ေနရာ ဘယ္ေဒသ၊ ဘယ္အမ်ိဳးအႏြယ္မွာ ဘယ္နာမည္နဲ႕
ဘယ္လိုလူ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ဖူးတယ္ဆိုတာကို ေျပာနိုင္ၾကေပမယ့္.. (ဘာဝနာစြမ္းအားနဲ႔
ျမင္တာ မဟုတ္တဲ့အတြက္) ဘာေၾကာင့္ ဒီဘဝမွာ ဒီလို လာျဖစ္ရတယ္ဆိုတာကို
အတိတ္ဘဝက စိတ္ျဖစ္စဥ္ အေၾကာင္းအျခင္းအရာေတြနဲ႔တကြ ဆြဲငင္သံုးသပ္နိုင္စြမ္း
မရွိၾကပါဘူး။</div>
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ဒီေနရာမွာ
ဇာတိႆရဉာဏ္ကိုရသူတို႔ရဲ႕အေၾကာင္းကို တိပိဋကပါဠိျမန္မာ အဘိဓာန္မွာ
ေဖာ္ျပ ထားတာေတြထဲက အခ်ိဳ႕ကို ဗဟုသုတအျဖစ္ ေကာက္ႏႈတ္ေဖာ္ျပခ်င္ပါေသးတယ္။
ဇာတိႆရဉာဏ္ကို ရသူေတြဟာ (၁) အမိဝမ္းထဲကပင္ အတိတ္ဘဝကိုျပန္ျမင္နိုင္သူ၊ (၂)
ဖြားကာစမွစ၍ အတိတ္ဘဝကို ျပန္ျမင္ႏိုင္သူ၊ (၃) အတိတ္ဘဝက
မိမိေနခဲ့ဖူးေသာေနရာ အရပ္ကို ျပန္လည္ေတြ႔ျမင္ရေသာအခါ (သို႔မဟုတ္)
အေၾကာင္းတစ္စံုတစ္ခု တိုက္ဆိုင္ေသာအခါမွသာ အတိတ္ဘဝကို ျပန္ျမင္နိုင္သူ ဟူ၍
ကြဲျပားျခားနားၾကေၾကာင္း….။ ထိုသို႔ ျပန္ျမင္ၾကသူတို႔တြင္လည္း
တစ္ဘဝတည္းကို ျမင္သူ၊ ဘဝ ငါးရာကို ျပန္ျမင္ႏိုင္သူဟူ၍
ကြဲျပားနိုင္ေၾကာင္း…။ ထိုဘဝမ်ားစြာကို ျပန္ျမင္ၾကသူ တို႔တြင္လည္း
အစဥ္အတိုင္းေသာ ဘဝမ်ားကို ျပန္ျမင္နိုင္သူ၊ အစဥ္အတိုင္းေသာ ဘဝမ်ားကို
မျမင္နိုင္ပဲ ခုန္ေက်ာ္၍ ျမင္နိုင္သူဟူ၍လည္း ကြာျခားေၾကာင္း..
စိတ္ဝင္စားဖြယ္ ေလ့လာေတြ႔ရွိနိုင္ၾကပါတယ္။ [တိပိဋက ပါဠိျမန္မာ အဘိဓာန္
အတြဲ(၈)၊ စာ-၂၈၁ တြင္ အက်ယ္ရႈပါ။ ]</div>
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ထို႔အျပင္
ဇာတိႆရဉာဏ္ရသူတို႔သည္ အယူမမွန္ပါက မိစၦာဒိ႒ိျဖစ္သြားႏိုင္ေၾကာင္းကို
“ေရွးဘဝကို ေအာက္ေမ့ သိျမင္နိုင္သူသည္ ေတြးေခၚရွင္ဟု ေခၚတြင္ၾကေသာ
တကၠီပုဂၢိဳလ္ ၄-ဦးတို႔တြင္ တစ္ဦးအပါအဝင္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ယင္းပုဂၢိဳလ္သည္
ေရွးဘဝတို႕ကို ေအာက္ေမ့သိျမင္ႏိုင္သျဖင့္ မိမိျဖစ္ခဲ့ဘူးေသာ ေရွးဘဝတို႔ကို
အေျခခံကာ “အတၱႏွင့္ ေလာကသည္ ၿမဲ၏၊ တစ္စံုတစ္ခုေသာ အက်ိဳးကို မျဖစ္ေစဘဲ
အၿမံဳကဲ့သို႔ျဖစ္၏၊ ေတာင္ထြတ္ကဲ့သို႕တည္၏၊ ခိုင္ၿမဲေသာ တံခါးတိုင္ကဲ့သို႔
တည္၏၊ သတၱဝါတို႔သည္သာ တဘဝမွ တဘဝသို႔ ေျပာင္းသြားက်င္လည္ၾက ကုန္၏၊
ေသၾကကုန္၏ ၊ ျဖစ္ေပၚၾကကုန္၏၊ အတၱႏွင့္ ေလာကသည္ကား ေျမႀကီး ျမင့္မိုရ္ေတာင္
လေနပမာ အၿမဲတည္ရွိသည္သာတည္း” စသည္ျဖင့္ ႀကံစည္ေတြးေခၚေလသည္၊ ထိုသို႔
ႀကံစည္ေတြးေခၚမႈလြန္ကာ မိစၦာဒိ႒ိ ျဖစ္ေလသည္” ဟု
က်မ္းကိုးက်မ္းကားခိုင္မာစြာျဖင့္ အေသအခ်ာရွင္းျပထားပါတယ္။ [တိပိဋက
ပါဠိျမန္မာ အဘိဓာန္ အတြဲ(၈)၊ စာ-၂၈၁ တြင္ အက်ယ္ရႈပါ။ ]</div>
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နိမိတ္စြမ္းအားနဲ႔
ပစၥယပရိဂၢဟဉာဏ္အဆင့္ကို ပိုင္နိုင္သူတို႕က်ေတာ့ အတိတ္ဘဝ ကိုလည္း
ျပန္ျမင္ေတြ႔နိုင္ၾက သလို ဒီဘဝမွာ ဒီလိုအေနအထားနဲ႔ လာျဖစ္ေနရေစဖို႔ အတိတ္ဘဝက
ျပဳမူခဲ့တဲ့ အေၾကာင္းတရား (အတိတ္အေၾကာင္းျခင္းရာမ်ား) ကိုပါ
ဘာဝနာစြမ္းအားနဲ႔ ဆြဲငင္သံုးသပ္နိုင္စြမ္း ရွိၾကပါတယ္။
အဲဒီအတိတ္အေၾကာင္းအျခင္းအရာေတြကို ပစၥယ လို႔ ေခၚၿပီး၊ ဆြဲငင္သံုးသပ္
သိမ္းဆည္းတာကိုေတာ့ ပရိဂၢဟ လို႔ ေခၚပါတယ္။ [ပစၥယပရိဂၢဟဉာဏ= အေၾကာင္းကို
သိမ္းဆည္းတတ္ေသာဉာဏ္]</div>
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>အနာဂတ္အျမင္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍</strong></span></div>
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အေမး
(၇) ။ ။ အနာဂတ္ကို သိရ တာကေကာ၊ ဥပမာ၊ ေသမဲ႕ အသက္၊ (ဆရာေတာ္ မၾကည္႕
ခိုင္းပါဘူး) ကိုယ္႕ဟာကိုယ္ ရွာရွည္ ၿပီး (စိတ္ရွည္ၿပီး ၾကည္႕ တာပါ)။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၇) ။ ။ သမာဓိပညာ အားေကာင္းရင္ အားေကာင္းသေလာက္ ေသမယ့္အခ်ိန္ေတြကို
ႀကိဳတင္ၿပီး ၾကည့္ျမင္နိုင္ၾက ပါတယ္။ (သို႔ေသာ္.. အနာဂတ္ဆိုတာ ပစၥဳပၸန္
ကံတရားေတြ အေပၚမွာလည္း အမ်ားၾကီးတည္မွီေနေသးတဲ့အတြက္ အနာဂတ္ကို
ၾကည့္ျမင္ခဲ့သမွ် အရာတိုင္းဟာ မွန္ခ်င္မွ မွန္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဘုရားရွင္တို႔
ျမင္တဲ့ အနာဂတ္ကေတာ့ ခၽြတ္ယြင္းခ်က္မရွိေအာင္.. (ကံအေျပာင္းအလဲက အစ)
ျမင္ေတာ္မူၾကတာမို႔ လြဲသြားစရာအေၾကာင္း မရွိပါဘူး။</div>
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အေမး (၈) ။ ။ ဒီေနရာမွာ လည္း ၾကည္႕ တယ္ ဆို တာ ထက္ ညႊတ္ တာ လို႕ သံုးရ မယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္၊</div>
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အေျဖ (၈) ။ ။ ၾကည့္တယ္ပဲသံုးသံုး၊ စိတ္ညြတ္တယ္ပဲ သံုးသံုး အဆင္ ေျပသလို သံုးနိုင္ပါတယ္..။</div>
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အေမး (၉) ။ ။ ေပၚလာတာကေကာ ဘာ အာရံုပါလဲ ။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၉) ။ ။ ဓမၼာရံုပါ (စကၡဳ၊ ေသာတ၊ ဃာန၊ ဇီဝွါ၊ ကာယ ငါးဒြါရကလြဲရင္
မေနာဒြါရနဲ႔သာ အာရံုျပဳနိုင္တဲ့ အာရံုမွန္သမွ်ကို ဓမၼာရံုလို႔ မွတ္ပါ) ။</div>
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အေမး (၁၀) ။ ။ အဘိဓမၼာရွဳ ေထာင့္ကေကာ ဘယ္လို သံုးသပ္မလဲ။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၁၀) ။ ။ အဘိဓမၼာရႈေထာင့္က သံုးသပ္ရရင္ အေၾကာင္းသမုဒယ သစၥာေတြကို
မပယ္သတ္နိုင္ေသးတဲ့ သူတိုင္းအတြက္ အနာဂတ္ ရုပ္နာမ္အက်ိဳးတရားေတြဆိုတာ
ရွိကိုရွိေနပါေသးတယ္။ အဲဒါေတြဟာ မေနာဝိညာဏဓာတ္၊ မေနာဝိညာဏဓာတ္နဲ႔
ယွဥ္ေဖာ္ယွဥ္ဖက္ တရားေတြကို အာရမၼဏ ပစၥည္းအေနနဲ႔ ေက်းဇူးျပဳနိုင္ပါတယ္။
(သေဗၺဓမၼာ မေနာဝိညာဏ ဓာတုယာ တံ သမၸယုတၱကာနဥၥဓမၼာနံ အာရမၼဏ ပစၥေယန
ပစၥေယာလို႔ ေဟာေတာ္မူထားပါတယ္။)</div>
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အေမး (၁၁) ။ ။ အနာဂတံသဉာဏ္ဆိုတာ ဘုရားရွင္တို႔မွသာ ရနိုင္တာမ်ိဳး မဟုတ္ပါလား။</div>
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အေျဖ
(၁၁) ။ ။ အနာဂတံသဉာဏ္ကို ဘုရားရွင္တို႕႔မွသာ ရနိုင္တာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။
ေလာကီ စ်ာန္ အဘိဉာဏ္ ရသူမ်ားလည္း ရနိုင္တဲ့ ဉာဏ္မ်ိဳး ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေမြးဖြားၿပီးကာစ ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္ေလးကို လာဖူးေျမာ္တဲ့ ကာဠေဒဝီလ ရေသ့ၾကီး
ဝတၳဳဟာ ထင္ရွားပါတယ္။ ဦးဇင္းတို႔ ဒီရိပ္သာမွာ နတ္ျပည္ ငရဲျပည္ေတြကို
ၾကည့္တယ္ဆိုတာေတြ၊ အနာဂတ္ကို ၾကည့္တယ္ ဆိုတာေတြဟာ (အမ်ားအားျဖင့္က) အဘိညာဏ္
စြမ္းအားေတြနဲ႔ ၾကည့္တဲ့ အဆင့္မ်ိဳး မဟုတ္ေသးပါဘူး။ နိမိတ္စြမ္းအားနဲ႔
ၾကည့္တဲ့ အဆင့္ေလာက္ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အတိတ္ဘဝကို ၾကည့္တယ္ ဆိုတာသည္လည္း
ပုေဗၺနိဝါသာႏုႆတိဉာဏ္နဲ႔ ၾကည့္တာမ်ိဳး မဟုတ္ေသးပါဘူး၊ ပစၥယပရိဂၢဉာဏ္
အဆင့္မွာ သမာဓိအရွိန္ေကာင္းေကာင္းနဲ႔ ျပန္ၿပီး ထင္ျမင္နိုင္တဲ့ သေဘာေလာက္သာ
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>အလင္းနိမိတ္ျဖင့္ ဘုရားဖူးေျမာ္ျခင္းႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍</strong></span></div>
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အေမး
(၁၂) ။ ။ တရားစစ္တဲ့အခ်ိန္ ေယာဂီေတြက ေလ်ာက္ေတာ႕ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ ေတြက
တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္က ျပေပးလို႕ ျမင္ရ သလိုမ်ိဳးေတြ ေလွ်ာက္ေတာ့..... အဲလိုဆို
ဒိ႒ိ ျဖစ္မေန ဘူးလားဘုရား။</div>
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အေျဖ (၁၂) ။ ။ တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္က
တကယ္ျပေပးသလိုမ်ိဳးေတြလည္း ရွိတတ္တာ အမွန္ပါ။ တကယ္ျပေပးသူ ရွိလို႔
ျမင္တာမ်ိဳးကို တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္က ျပေပးလို႔ ျမင္တဲ့ပံုစံုမ်ိဳး ေလွ်ာက္တဲ့
အတြက္ ဒိ႒ိ (အယူမွား) မျဖစ္ပါ။</div>
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အေမး (၁၃) ။ ။ နိမိတ္ က
ျပေပးသလို၊ ပုဂိၢဳလ္ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္က ျပေပးသလို ... ေလွ်ာက္ေနၾကေတာ႕
တရားရွာရင္း ဒိ႒ိကပ္ေနသလိုမ်ား ျဖစ္ေနမလားလို႔ပါ၊ ဒီအေပၚမွာ ဆရာေတာ္ က ဘာ
comment မွ မေပးေတာ့ ေလ။</div>
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အေျဖ (၁၃) ။ ။ နိမိတ္က ျပေပးသလို၊ ပုဂၢိဳလ္တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္က ျပေပးသလို.. ဆိုတဲ့ ေနရာမယ္ ၂မ်ိဳးလံုး ျဖစ္နိုင္ပါတယ္။</div>
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နိမိတ္ေၾကာင့္
ျမင္နိုင္ပံုမွာ…….. မိမိရဲ႕နိမိတ္ (သမာဓိစြမ္းအား၊ စိတ္စြမ္းအား)
ေၾကာင့္ မည္သူ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ အကူအညီ အပံ့အပိုးမွ မပါပဲ ၊ သိလို
ျမင္လိုသည္မ်ားကို သိႏိုင္ျမင္နိုင္ တတ္ၾကပါတယ္။</div>
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ပုဂၢိဳလ္တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္က
ျပသေပးတဲ့အတြက္ ျမင္ရတယ္ဆိုတာမယ္….. ဦးဇင္းတို႔ နိမိတ္စြမ္းအားရရွိတဲ့
ေျမဇင္းေယာဂီေတြအေနနဲ႔ လူ႔ျပည္ နတ္ျပည္ နဂါးျပည္တို႔မွာ ရွိတဲ့
ဘုရားေစတီမ်ားကို ဖူးေျမာ္ျခင္းကိစၥကို အဓိကေဆာင္ရြက္ၾကရပါတယ္။
ဆရာသမားေတြကလည္း ဘုရားဖူးဖို႔ကိုသာ အဓိက ညႊန္ၾကားေတာ္မူၾကပါတယ္။</div>
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အဲဒီလို
နိမိတ္စြမ္းအားနဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူးရာမွာ.. နိမိတ္မညြတ္ခင္ကပင္ ႀကိဳတင္၍
ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္ နတ္မ်ားကို ေမတၱာပို႔ျခင္း၊ အမွ်ေဝျခင္း၊
ဘုရားဖူးခြင့္ေတာင္းျခင္းစတဲ့ ကိစၥေတြကို ေဆာင္ရြက္ၾကရပါတယ္။ (ဒါကိုပဲ
တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ ေယာဂီေတြက “သူတို႔ခြင့္ျပဳမွ ဖူးရမွာလား..။
ငါ့နိမိတ္စြမ္းအားနဲ႔ ငါဖူးမွာပဲကို…၊ ဘယ္သူ႕ကိုမ်ား
ခြင့္ေတာင္းေနရဦးမွာလဲ” ရယ္လို႔ မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ မာနမ်ိဳး ထားတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။
(ဒါမ်ိဳးျဖစ္တာကို ပ႒ာန္းပါဠိေတာ္ ဥပနိႆယပစၥည္းခန္းမွာ “ သဒၶံ ဥပနိႆာယ မာနံ
ဇေပၸတိ၊ ဒိ႒ိ ံ ဂဏွာတိ” စသည္ျဖင့္ ေဟာေတာ္မူထားပါတယ္။)</div>
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<u><span class="fbUnderline"><strong>ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္မ်ားႏွင့္ နိမိတ္ျဖင့္ ဘုရားဖူးလာသူ ေယာဂီတို႔ရဲ႕ သေဘာသဘာဝ</strong></span></u></div>
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ဒီေနရာမယ္..
ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္မ်ားႏွင့္ နိမိတ္ျဖင့္ ဘုရားဖူးလာသူ ေယာဂီတို႔ရဲ႕
သေဘာသဘာဝကို သိနားလည္ ထားသင့္ပါတယ္..။ လူေတြမွာေရာ ပရေလာကသားေတြမွာပါ
သာသနာေတာ္ကို ၾကည္ညိဳသူေတြရွိၾကသလို သာသနာေတာ္ကို မၾကည္ညိဳသူေတြ
ရွိၾကပါတယ္။ (ရွင္သာရိပုတၱရာရဲ႕ ဦးေခါင္းကို ရိုက္တဲ့ဘီလူးတို႔၊
ထင္ေခြသမားရဲ႕သား ဘီလူးဆြဲခံရတဲ့ ကေလးငယ္ဝတၳဳတို႕ကို ၾကည့္ရင္
ထင္ရွားပါတယ္။) သာသနာေတာ္ကို ၾကည္ညိဳသူေတြဟာ သာသနာေတာ္နဲ႔ စပ္သမွ်
ေစတီပုထိုး ဓာတ္ေတာ္ေမြေတာ္မ်ားကို မေပ်ာက္မပ်က္ရေလေအာင္
ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရွာက္တတ္ၾကေပမယ့္၊ သာသနာေတာ္ကို မၾကည္ညိဳသူေတြကေတာ့
အဲဒါေတြကို ဖ်က္ဆီးဖို႔ကိုပဲ ႀကိဳးစားတတ္ၾကေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ
ေစတီေတာ္ကိုေစာင့္ေရွာက္ဖို႔ ေဂါပကအဖြဲ႔ဆိုတာမ်ိဴး ရွိလာရသလို၊
ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္နတ္ ဆိုတာမ်ိဳးေတြလည္း ရွိလာရပါေတာ့တယ္။</div>
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ဒီေနရာမွာ နိမိတ္နဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူးသူ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးကို သိထားသင့္ပါတယ္။</div>
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နံပါတ္
(၁) အမ်ိဳးအစားက မိမိထိုင္ေနတဲ့ေနရာက အေဝးမွာရွိတဲ့ တစ္စံုတစ္ရာကို
ဓာတ္မီးနဲ႔ထိုး- လွမ္းေမွ်ာ္ၿပီး ၾကည့္ရသလိုမ်ိဳး၊ မိမိထိုင္ေနတဲ့ ေနရာကေန
အေဝးမွာရွိတဲ့ ဘုရားေစတီေတာ္ကို နိမိတ္အလင္းေရာင္နဲ႔ လွမ္းျမင္ၿပီး
ၾကည္ညိဳၾကရ သူမ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကပါတယ္။ ( နိမိတ္ သိပ္အားမေကာင္း သူေတြပါ)။</div>
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နံပါတ္
(၂) အမ်ိဳးအစားက တစ္စံုတစ္ရာကို အနီးကပ္သြားေရာက္ၿပီး အားရပါးရ
လွည့္ပတ္ၾကည့္ရႈရသလိုမ်ိဳး၊ မိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ ဘုရားေစတီေတာ္အနီးသို႔
ေရာက္သြားၿပီး ( ငွက္ျမတ္နားေတာ္၊ စိန္ဖူးေတာ္မ်ားကို ဖူးေျမာ္လိုလွ်င္လည္း
ငွက္ျမတ္နားေတာ္၊ စိန္ဖူးေတာ္နားအထိ ေရာက္ရွိသြားၿပီး သကာလ) အားပါးတရ
လွည့္လည္ဖူးေျမာ္ ၾကည္ညိဳၾကရသူမ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကပါတယ္။ (နိမိတ္ အင္မတန္
အားေကာင္းသူေတြပါ။)</div>
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ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္နတ္ေတြနဲ႔
သူတို႔ရဲ႕တပည့္တပန္း အေျခြအရံတစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ဟာ ေစတီေတာ္အနီး ခ်ည္းကပ္လာၾကတဲ့
သူတို႔ပရေလာကသား အခ်င္းခ်င္းကို ေတြ႔ျမင္နိုင္ၾကသလို၊ နိမိတ္နဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူး
လာၾကသူေတြကိုလည္း ေတြ႔ျမင္ႏိုင္ၾကပါတယ္။ (နိမိတ္နဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူးသူေတြကလည္း
အေၾကာင္းတိုက္ဆိုင္ရင္) သူတို႔ေတြကို ေတြ႕ျမင္နိုင္ၿပီး၊ သူတို႔ေတြနဲ႔
စကားေျပာဆို ေမးျမန္းနိုင္ခြင့္လည္း ရရွိတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။) အျပင္ေလာကမွာ
ေစတီေတာ္ကို တာဝန္ယူေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေနၾကတဲ့ ေဂါပကမ်ားကို လိုက္နာၾကရသလို၊
နိမိတ္နဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူးသူေတြဟာလည္း ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္ နတ္မ်ားကို အေလးထားၾကရပါတယ္။
သူတို႔ေတြ စိတ္ထဲမွာ ရန္သူ-မိတ္ေဆြ ေဝခြဲမရရင္ ေစတီေတာ္၊ ဌာပနာ စတာေတြကို
ဖူးေျမာ္ခြင့္ မရေအာင္ ပိတ္ပင္(ကာကြယ္) ထားတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ေတြနဲ႔
အဆင္ေျပရင္ ဌာပနာတိုက္ရွိ ဌာပနာမ်ားကို ဖူးေျမာ္ခြင့္ရရံုသာမက
ဒီေစတီေတာ္ကို ဘယ္တုန္းက ဘယ္လိုတည္ခဲ့ၾကသလဲ ဆိုတာမ်ိဳးအထိ
ေမးျမန္းေဆြးေႏြးခြင့္ ရရွိတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။</div>
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ဒါေၾကာင့္မို႔..၊
နိမိတ္အစြမ္းနဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူးသြားေတာ့မယ္ဆိုရင္ ဘုရားဂဳဏ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို
ပြါးမ်ားျခင္း၊ မိမိသြားေရာက္ဖူးေျမာ္မယ့္ ေစတီေတာ္ကို
ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေနၾကတဲ့ ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္နတ္မ်ားကို ေမတၱာပို႔ျခင္း၊
မိမိျပဳထားတဲ့ ေကာင္းမႈမ်ားကို အမွ်ေပးေဝျခင္း၊ မိမိသည္
သာသနာေတာ္ႏွင့္ႀကံဳခိုက္ ဘုရားအဆံုးအမ သမထ-ဝိပႆနာတရားမ်ားကို ေက်းဇူးရွင္
ဆရာေတာ္မ်ားေပးသည့္နည္းျဖင့္ အားထုတ္ေနသူျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း၊ နိမိတ္ျဖင့္
ဘုရားဖူးလာေရာက္မည္ ျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း၊ ဘုရားဖူးရံု သက္သက္သာျဖစ္ၿပီး
မည္သည့္အေႏွာင့္အယွက္မွ် ေပးမည္မဟုတ္ပါေၾကာင္း၊ ဘုရားဖူးခြင့္
ျပဳၾကေစ လိုေၾကာင္း ႀကိဳတင္ ေမတၱာရပ္ခံျခင္း.. စသည္မ်ားကို တေလးတစား
ေဆာင္ရြက္ၾကရမွာျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ကမၼ႒ာန္းျပ ဆရာမ်ားက အေရးထား
မွာၾကားၾကရျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။</div>
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ဒီေနရာမွာ ေယာဂီတစ္ခ်ိဳ႕မွာ
ျဖစ္ေလ့ရွိတဲ့ အေပၚမွာ ေျပာခဲ့ၿပီးျဖစ္တဲ့ စိတ္ေနသေဘာထားမ်ား အေၾကာင္းကို
နည္းနည္းျဖည့္စြက္ ေျပာျပခ်င္ပါတယ္။ <strong>ယခုကဲ့သို႔ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရျခင္း၊
ခြင့္ေတာင္းရျခင္းတို႔ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ပင္ကိုယ္အားျဖင့္ နတ္ကို
ယံုၾကည္ေလးျမတ္သူေတြအဖို႔ မေထာင္းတာလွေသာ္လည္း ၊ နတ္ဆိုတာ လူေတြေလာက္
မျမင့္ျမတ္ဘူး.. နတ္ကိုေအာက္က်ိဳ႕ ခံစရာ ဘာအေၾကာင္းမွ မရွိဘူး စသျဖင့္
ယူဆထားသူမ်ားအဖို႔မွာ “သူလည္းသူ႕ဘာသာသူေန- ကိုယ္လည္းကိုယ့္ဘာသာ ကိုယ္ေနမယ္၊
ေမတၱာပို႔- အမွ်ေဝ ေက်နပ္ၾကေရာ့ေပါ့၊ ဘယ့္ႏွယ္.. သူတို႔ကို
ေတာင္းပန္ေနရဦးမွာလား၊ သူတို႔ခြင့္ျပဳမွ ဘုရားဖူးခြင့္ရမွာလား၊
ကိုယ့္နိမိတ္အစြမ္းနဲ႔ ဘုရားဖူးရမွာမဟုတ္လား” စသျဖင့္ ကသိကေအာက္
ျဖစ္ေလ့ျဖစ္ထ ရွိတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။ </strong></div>
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စင္စစ္မွာ အဲသလို
ကသိကေအာက္ျဖစ္ၾကရမႈေတြဟာ ေယာဂီတစ္ဦးအဖို႔ မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ စိတ္ခံစားမႈ ေတြသာ
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဘုရားရွင္ကိုယ္ေတာ္တိုင္ေသာ္မွ အေစာင့္အေရွာက္ရွိတဲ့
ေနရာေတြဆီ ခ်ဥ္းကပ္တဲ့အခါတိုင္း အဲဒီေနရာပိုင္ရွင္ (သို႔မဟုတ္)
အဲဒီေနရာကို ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေနရတဲ့သူေတြကို ခြင့္ပန္ၿပီးမွ ဝင္ေရာက္ေလ့
ရွိေတာ္မူတာကို နည္းယူၾကရမည္ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ( အာဠဝက ဗိမာန္သို႔
ၾကြေရာက္ေတာ္မူခဏ္း၊ ပကၠဳသာတိမင္းႏွင့္ ေတြ႔ခဏ္း စသည္တို႕ကို
ေလ့လာနိုင္ၾကပါတယ္။) ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ တရားအသိအျမင္ ရင့္သန္ဖို႔အေရးမွာ
မလိုလားအပ္တဲ့ အခ်ည္းႏွီးသာျဖစ္တဲ့ မာနမ်ားကို တတ္နိုင္သမွ်
ခဝါခ်ထားၾကဖို႔ လိုအပ္လွပါတယ္။ (တကယ္တန္းမွာ ဒါေတြအားလံုးဟာ မေနာဒြါရႏွင့္
ဓမၼာရံု တိုက္ေနတာေတြခ်ည္းျဖစ္တယ္ ဆိုတာကိုေတာ့ မ်က္ခ်ည္မျပတ္သင့္ပါဘူး။) </div>
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စကားအဆက္လည္း
အေတာ္ေဝးသြားၿပီမို႔ ေမးခြန္းကို ျပန္ေကာက္ၾကရေအာင္ပါ။ ေမးခြန္းက.. {
တရားစစ္ တဲ႕ အခ်ိန္ ေယာဂီ ေတြ က ေလ်ာက္ေတာ႕ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ ေတြ က တစ္ေယာက္ ေယာက္
က ျပေပး လို႕ ျမင္ရ သလိုမ်ိဳး ေတြ ေလ်ာက္ေတာ႕ ၊ အဲလိုဆို ဒိ႒ိ ျဖစ္မေန
ဘူးလားဘုရား၊ နိမိတ္ကျပေပးသလို၊ ပုဂိၢဳလ္ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ က ျပေပးသလို...
ေလွ်ာက္ေနၾကေတာ႕ တရားရွာရင္း ဒိ႒ိကပ္ေနသလိုမ်ား ျဖစ္ေနမလားလို႕ပါ၊
ဒီအေပၚမွာ ဆရာေတာ္က ဘာ comment မွ မေပးေတာ႕ ေလ၊ } ဆိုၿပီးေတာ့
ေမးထားတယ္ေနာ္..။</div>
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အေျဖက.. “ကိုယ္ဖူးေျမာ္မယ့္
ဘုရားေစတီရွိရာဆီသို႕ သြားေရာက္ၾကနိုင္ၾကတာက ကိုယ့္ရဲ႔အလင္းနိမိတ္
အစြမ္းေၾကာင့္ပါ။ ေစတီေတာ္ကို ေရာက္သြားၿပီး ဌာပနာတိုက္စသည္ကို
ဝင္ေရာက္ဖူးေျမာ္ခြင့္ရၾကတာေတြက ဘယ္သူမွ လိုက္ပါျပသျခင္းမရွိပဲ
ကိုယ့္အစြမ္းနဲ႔ကိုယ္ ဖူးေျမာ္ခြင့္ ရတာမ်ိဳးလည္း ျဖစ္နိုင္သလို၊
ေစတီေတာ္ေစာင့္ နတ္မ်ားက ဒီေနရာ ဒီေနရာမွာေတာ့ ဒါေတြ ရွိပါတယ္၊
ဖူးေျမာ္သြားပါဦး စသျဖင့္ လိုက္ပါပို႔ေဆာင္ ျပသေပးၾကတဲ့အတြက္
ဖူးေျမာ္ၾကရတာ မ်ိဳးလည္း ျဖစ္နိုင္ပါတယ္” လို႔ပဲ ေျဖၾကားလိုက္ပါရေစ..။</div>
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ဥပမာအားျဖင့္..
ေရႊတိဂံုေစတီေတာ္ကို ဖူးေျမာ္လိုသူတစ္ဦးအေနနဲ႔ ေရႊတိဂံုကို
သြားေရာက္နိုင္ဖို႔က ကိုယ္ပိုင္ အစြမ္းအစ လိုအပ္ပါတယ္။ ေရႊတိဂံုကို
ေရာက္ၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္ publish လုပ္ထားတဲ့ ေနရာေတြကို မိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ပဲ
ျဖစ္ျဖစ္၊ အသိတစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္က လိုက္ပို႔တဲ့အတြက္ပဲ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္
ဖူးေျမာ္နိုင္ၾကမွာပါ။ Security အျပည့္ထားရွိတဲ့ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ကန္႔သတ္ထားတဲ့
ေနရာတစ္ခုခုကို ဝင္ေရာက္ဖူးေျမာ္ဖို႔ အတြက္ကေတာ့ ေစတီေတာ္ေဂါပက
တစ္ဦးဦးက တာဝန္ယူလိုက္ပါပို႔ေဆာင္ျပသပါမွ (သို႔မဟုတ္) သူ႕တို႔ဆီက
ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္ရပါမွ ဖူးေျမာ္နိုင္ၾကသလိုမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း…။</div>
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ဒီအေပၚမွာ ဆရာေတာ္ က ဘာ comment မွ မေပးေတာ႕ ေလ၊ } ဆိုတာကေတာ့..
“ကမၼ႒ာန္းအလုပ္ အားထုတ္ေနၾကတဲ့ ေယာဂီေတြရဲ႕ ထင္ျမင္ခ်က္၊ ယူဆခ်က္၊
သိျမင္ခ်က္ေတြဟာ.. ဓမၼလမ္းေၾကာင္းကေန ေသြဖီသြားနိုင္တဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ိဳး
ေရာက္ေနၿပီလို႔” မယူဆနိုင္ေသးသမွ် ကာလပတ္လံုး လိမၼာတဲ့
ဘယ္ကမၼ႒ာန္းျပဆရာေတာ္ကမွ (တရားစခန္းကာလ အတြင္းမွာ) ဘယ္လို comment
မ်ိဳးကိုမွ ေပးၾကမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ေယာဂီရဲ႔ အေတြ႔အႀကံဳကို
စိတ္ရွည္လက္ရွည္ နားေထာင္ေပးၿပီးေတာ့ ဆက္လက္အားထုတ္ဖို႔ရန္သာ
အားေပးၾကမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္.. လို႔ပဲ ေျဖၾကား လိုက္ပါရေစ..။ </div>
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{ဒီေလာက္ဆိုရင္ အတန္အသင့္ ေျပလည္ေလာက္ၿပီလို႔ ထင္ပါတယ္}</div>
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္</div>
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အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)</div>
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<strong>မေနာဒြါရ၌ အာရံုထင္ႏိုင္ျခင္း အေၾကာင္းတရားမ်ား (သၿဂိၤဳဟ္ဘာသာဋီကာ)</strong></div>
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အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-78654594199943148802013-02-18T09:11:00.001-08:002013-02-18T09:11:14.905-08:00လူ႔ကပ္ပါးအႏၱရာယ္မွ ကာကြယ္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ေမတၱာေခါင္းပါးသူဟု ဆိုထိုက္-မဆိုထိုက္<div class="mbl notesBlogText clearfix" style="text-align: justify;">
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ျခင္တစ္ေကာင္က
မိမိကိုလာကိုက္ရာ၌ ထိုျခင္ကိုမရိုက္သတ္ဘဲ လႊတ္ေပးလိုက္ရံုမွ်ျဖင့္
ေမတၱာတရား အစစ္ဟု ေခၚႏိုင္မည္-မေခၚႏိုင္မည္၊ သူအလိုရွိေသာ ေသြးကို
ေပးမေသာက္ေစပဲ ေမာင္းထုတ္လိုက္သျဖင့္ သူ႔အစာ အာဟာရကို ျဖတ္ေတာက္ရာ
ေရာက္သျဖင့္ ေမတၱာတရား ေခါင္းပါးသူ စာရင္းသို႔ သြင္းသင့္သည္-မသြင္းသင့္သည္
ဟူေသာ ေမးခြန္းမ်ားကို ေျဖၾကားရန္အတြက္ ျခင္ဥပမာမွ်ျဖင့္လံုေလာက္ႏိုင္မည္
မဟုတ္ပါ။ အကယ္၍မ်ား ျခင္အစား က်ားတစ္ေကာင္ေကာင္ကသာ
မိမိထံခ်ည္းကပ္လာမည္ဆိုလွ်င္ မည္သို႔ျပဳရမည္နည္း။ ေမတၱာရွင္ၾကီးအျဖစ္
ထိုက်ား၏အလိုဆႏၵအတိုင္းပင္ အစားခံလိုက္ရေတာ့မည္ေလာ ? စဥ္းစားၾကရေပလိမ့္မည္..။<br />
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စင္စစ္ ေမတၱာထားႏိုင္ျခင္းႏွင့္
ကူညီကယ္ဆယ္ျခင္းတို႔သည္ အတိုင္းအတာတစ္ခုအထိ ဆက္စပ္မႈရွိေသာ္လည္း
အခါခပ္သိမ္း ဆက္စပ္ေနသည္ေတာ့ မဟုတ္ေပ။ သူတစ္ပါးတို႔၏ အလိုဆႏၵကို
ျပည့္ဝေအာင္ ကူညီျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးႏိုင္မွသာ ေမတၱာစစ္ဟု
သတ္မွတ္ႏိုင္မည္ဟုဆိုလွ်င္လည္း အလိုၿပိဳင္ေနသူ သတၱဝါတို႔၏ သေဘာဆႏၵကို
တစ္ထပ္တည္းက်ေစရန္ (ထပ္တူညီေစရန္) ပထမဆံုး ႀကိဳးစားၾကရမည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
သို႔ရာတြင္ မိမိထံမွ တစ္စံုတစ္ခုကို အလိုရွိ၍ အလိုၿပိဳင္ဆိုင္ေနၾကသူ
သတၱဝါတိုင္း၏ အလိုဆႏၵအသီးသီးတို႔ကို ထပ္တူညီေစရန္ စြမ္းေဆာင္ႏိုင္သူဟူ၍ကား
ေရွးကလည္းမရွိခဲ့၊ ယခုလည္းရွိမည္မထင္၊ ေနာင္လည္းရွိလိမ့္မည္ မဟုတ္ေပ။<br />
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ဥပမာအားျဖင့္
ဘုရားေလာင္းေဝႆႏၱရာ ဇာတ္ေတာ္ကို ကိုးကားၾကည္႔ၾကပါမည္။ မင္းၾကီးသည္
မိုးေခါင္၍ ဒုကၡေရာက္ေနၾကရွာေသာ ကလိဂၤတိုင္းသား တို႔အား
နာဂပစၥယာဆင္ျဖဴေတာ္ကို လွဴလိုက္၏။ သို႔ရာတြင္
သူ႔တိုင္းသူျပည္သားတို႔၏ အျမင္တြင္ မင္းႀကီးေဝႆႏၱရာသည္
ကိုယ့္တိုင္းသူျပည္သား တို႔အေပၚ ေမတၱာတရားေခါင္းပါးသူအျဖစ္ ရႈျမင္ခံခဲ့ရ၏။
ထို၏အက်ိဳးဆက္အျဖစ္ လူသူအေရာက္အေပါက္ နည္းလွစြာေသာ ဝကၤဘာေတာင္သို႔
ျပည္ႏွင္ဒဏ္အေပးခံခဲ့ရ၏။ မင္းႀကီးေဝႆႏၱရာသည္
သူ႔တိုင္းသူျပည္သားတို႔ ရႈျမင္ခဲ့ၾကသကဲ့သို႕ ေမတၱာတရား ေခါင္းပါးသူ
ျဖစ္ခဲ့ပါသေလာ။ ဆိုလိုသည္မွာ သတၱဝါတိုင္း၏ အလိုဆႏၵအသီးသီးတို႔သည္
ဘယ္ေသာအခါမွ ထပ္တူညီႏိုင္ၾကမည္မဟုတ္ကား မဟုတ္ေခ်။ သို႔ဆိုလွ်င္ ေမတၱာစစ္စစ္
ရွိသူျဖစ္ရန္ မည္သူ၏အလိုကို မည္သို႔ျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးၾကမည္နည္း။<br />
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>မာဂ႑ီမိသားစုႏွင့္ ဘုရားရွင္</strong></span><br />
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ဒုတိယဥပမာအားျဖင့္
မာဂ႑ီမိသားစုတို႔အား တရားေဟာေတာ္မူခဲ့ရမႈကို ဆက္လက္ ေလ့လာၾကည့္ၾက ပါမည္။
ကုရုတိုင္းတြင္ မာဂ႑ီဟု အမည္တြင္ေသာ မိသားတစ္စုရွိသည္။ အဖမာဂ႑ီက သူ႔သၼီးကို
သားမယားအျဖစ္ လက္ခံရန္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားအား ေပးအပ္သည္။ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားက
“ပုဏၰား-မာရ္နတ္မင္း၏ သမီးသံုးေယာက္ကိုမွ် ငါဘုရားအလိုမရွိခဲ့။ က်င္ႀကီး
က်င္ငယ္ ျပည့္ေနတဲ့ မာဂ႑ီသူငယ္မကို ဘယ္မွာ အလိုရွိပါ့မလဲ။ သင့္သမီး
မာဂ႑ီကို ေျချဖင့္ပင္ မထိလိုပါ” ဟု မိန္႔ဆို ျငင္းပယ္လိုက္သည္။
တရားေဟာျပသည္။ တရားအဆံုး၌ ပုဏၰားႀကီးႏွင့္ ပုေဏၰးမတို႔သည္
တရားထူးရသြားၾကသည္။<br />
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အမိမာဂ႑ီ၊ အဖမာဂ႑ီ တို႔သည္ ဤစကားႏွင့္
ဤတရားကို ၾကားနာရပါမွ တရားထူးရနိုင္မည့္ သူမ်ား ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။
တစ္ဖက္ကၾကည့္လွ်င္ ဤတရားကိုေဟာလိုက္ပါက သမီးျဖစ္သူမာဂ႑ီ၏ သူ႔အလွကို
ခ်ိဳးခ်ိဳးဖဲ့ဖဲ့ ေျပာရက္ေလျခင္းဟူေသာ အျမင္ျဖင့္
ရန္ၿငိဳးဖြဲ႔ခံရမည့္အျဖစ္၊ ထိုသို႔ရန္ၿငိဳးမဖြဲ႔ထိုက္ မဖြဲ႔အပ္ေသာ
ဘုရားရွင္ကို ရန္ၿငိဳးဖြဲ႔တိုက္ခိုက္သျဖင့္ ပစၥဳပၸန္ သံသရာႀကီးစြာေသာ
ဆိုးက်ိဳးတို႔ကို ခံရမည့္အျဖစ္တို႔ကိုလည္း ဘုရားရွင္ ျမင္ေတာ္မူသည္။
မည္သို႔ရွိေစ ဘုရားရွင္သည္ ထိုတရားကိုေဟာေတာ္ မူခဲ့သည္သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။
ထိုသို႔ေဟာခဲ့ ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အမိမာဂ႑ီႏွင့္ အဖမာဂ႑ီတို႔
သစၥတရားကို သိျမင္ခြင့္ရခဲ့ၾကသကဲ့သို႔ သမီးျဖစ္သူမာဂ႑ီသည္လည္း ဘုရားရွင္ကို
ရန္ၿငိဳးထားတိုက္ခိုက္ခဲ့မႈေၾကာင့္ ပစၥဳပၸန္သံသရာ ႀကီးစြာေသာ ဆိုးက်ိဳးကို
ရင္ဆိုင္ခဲ့ရေလသည္။ သမီးမာဂ႑ီ ဘက္မွၾကည့္၍ ဘုရားရွင္ကို ေမတၱာတရား
ေခါင္းပါးသူအျဖစ္ စြပ္စြဲရမည္ေလာ။<br />
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စင္စစ္
ဘုရားရွင္တို႔မည္သည္ သိႏိုင္ျမင္ႏိုင္ေသာဉာဏ္ရွိ၍ ကၽြတ္ထိုက္သသူႏွင့္
သိႏိုင္ျမင္ႏိုင္ေသာ ဉာဏ္မရွိ၍ မကၽြတ္ထိုက္သူတို႔ယွဥ္လာလွ်င္ (မကၽြတ္ထိုက္
ေသးသူမ်ားကို မသနား၍ကားမဟုတ္) ကၽြတ္ထိုက္သသူမ်ားကိုသာ
အေလးဂရုျပဳေတာ္မူၾကရိုးသာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ အေၾကာင္းကား၊
သံသရာ၌ က်င္လည္ၾကရဦးမည့္သူမ်ားအတြက္ သံသရာဝဋ္ဆင္းရဲဆိုသည္မွာ အဆန္းမဟုတ္၊
ထိုဝဋ္ဆင္းရဲမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ေရးသည္သာ အဆန္း ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ပင္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္
သံသရာ၌လည္ရဦးမည့္ သမီးမာဂ႑ီ အေပၚ ေမတၱာတရား ကင္းမဲ့သည္ မဟုတ္ေသာ္ျငားလည္း
ကၽြတ္တမ္းဝင္မည့္ အမိမာဂ႑ီႏွင့္ အဖမာဂ႑ီ တို႔ကို ပိုမိုအေလးဂရုျပဳေတာ္မူ၍သာ
ထိုတရားေတာ္ကို ေဟာေတာ္မူခဲ့ရျခင္း ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>ကမၼဝါစာျဖင့္ ႏွင္ထုတ္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္</strong></span><br />
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ထ႔ိုျပင္တစ္ေၾကာင္းမွာလည္း
ေမတၱာတရားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ပရိတ္ရြတ္ျခင္းအမႈ၊ ကမၼဝါရြတ္ျခင္း အမႈတို႔အထိ
ျဖန္႔က်က္ စဥ္းစားသင့္ၾကသည္။ ေဆြးေႏြးပါဦးမည္။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာဝင္ ဒကာ/မတို႔သည္
မိမိတို႔ေနရာအိမ္၌ စိတ္မသိုးမသန္႔ ေတြ႔လာေသာ အခါမ်ိဳးတြင္
ရဟန္းသံဃာေတာ္မ်ားကို ပင့္ဖိတ္၍ ပရိတ္- ကမၼဝါစာ ရြတ္ဖတ္ေစျခင္းတို႔ကို
ျပဳေစတတ္ၾက, နာယူတတ္ၾကသည္။ ရဟန္းသံဃာေတာ္မ်ားကလည္း ထိုအမႈတို႔ကို
ျပဳေပးတတ္ၾကေလသည္။<br />
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စင္စစ္ ကမၼဝါစာရြတ္ဖတ္ျခင္းဟူသည္ လူကို
မူးေအာင္ ေဝေအာင္ စိတ္ႏွလံုးထိတ္လန္႔ တုန္လႈပ္ေအာင္ ျပဳတတ္ေသာ အစိမ္းသရဲ
ၿပိတၱာမ်ားကို ထိုေနရာမွ ႏွင္ထုတ္ျခင္း အမႈကို ျပဳၾကျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္ ပါသည္။
သို႔ေၾကာင့္ ကမၼဝါရြတ္ဖတ္ျခင္း အမႈကို ျပဳၾကေသာရဟန္း သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားသည္
ထိုသတၱဝါ တို႔အေပၚ၌ ေမတၱာတရား ကင္းမဲ့သည္ဟု စြပ္စြဲခံရရာေသာအခြင့္
ဆိုက္ေရာက္လ်က္ရွိေလသည္။ ဤေနရာ၌ စာေရးသူ၏ သေဘာထား အျမင္မ်ားကို
ေဆြးေႏြးတင္ျပလိုပါသည္။<br />
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နခသီခ သုတၱန္ေဒသနာေတာ္အလိုအရ ေလာက၌
မေကာင္းမႈျပဳလိုသူမရွားသကဲ့သို႔ မေကာင္းမႈကိုျပဳသည့္ အတြက္
အပါယ္သို႔သြားၾကရသည့္ သတၱဝါမ်ားလည္းမရွားပါးလွေပ။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ဆန္႔က်င္ဘက္
အေနအားျဖင့္မူ ေကာင္းမႈျပဳလိုသူ ရွားလွသကဲ့သို႔ သုဂတိဘံုသို႔ သြားၾကရသည့္
သတၱဝါတို႔ကား ရွားပါး လွေလသည္။ အစိမ္းသရဲ စသည္တို႔ကား မူလကပင္
ၾကမ္းၾကဳတ္တတ္ၾကသူမ်ားျဖစ္သကဲ့သို႔ သူတို႔၏ ကမၼဇိဒၶိတန္ခိုးကေလးျဖင့္
တစ္ဖက္သားအေပၚ ညွင္းဆဲႏွိပ္စက္တတ္ၾကသူမ်ားပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
ထိုသူတို႔ႏွိပ္စက္သျဖင့္ ေကာင္းမႈျပဳရန္အေရး၌ အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ျဖစ္ၾကရေသာ
သူမ်ားလည္း ရွိတတ္ၾကသည္သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ဆရာျမတ္တို႔
အလိုအားျဖင့္ ပထမတြင္ ထိုသူမ်ိဳးတို႔ ရွိသည္ဟု တတ္အပ္ျမင္ျခင္း၊
တစ္ဆင့္ၾကားသိရျခင္း (သို႔မဟုတ္) ယံုမွားသံသယ ရွိျခင္းမ်ား ရွိပါက
ေမတၱာသုတ္ပရိတ္ေတာ္၊ ရတနသုတ္ ပရိတ္ေတာ္၊ ဓဇဂၢသုတ္ပရိတ္ေတာ္၊ အာဋာနာဋိယသုတ္
ပရိတ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို ဦးစြာရြတ္ဖတ္ ၾကရေလသည္။ ထိုပရိတ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို
ရြတ္ဖတ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ထိုသူတို႔ စိတ္ႏွလံုးႏူးညံ့သိမ္ေမြ႔သြားေသာ္ေကာင္း၏။
မရခဲ့ေသာ္ ပဗၺာဇနိယ ကမၼဝါစာစသည္ကို ရြတ္ဖတ္၍ ႏွင္ထုတ္ျခင္းအမႈကို
မလြဲမေရွာင္သာ ျပဳၾကရေလသည္။ ထိုသို႔ျပဳရာ၌လည္း လက္လြတ္စပယ္
ျပဳၾကရသည္ကားမဟုတ္ေသး၊ ဆိုင္ရာဆိုင္ရာ အစိုးပိုင္သူတို႔ထံ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ရာ
ေနရာကို ေတာင္းခံေနထိုင္ႏိုင္ၾကေစဖို႔ အမိန္႔ေတာ္ျပန္ၾကရေပေသးေလသည္။<br />
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တကယ္စင္စစ္တြင္
ဤအရာမ်ိဳး၌လည္း အေပၚ၌ဆိုခဲ့ၿပီးေသာ မာဂ႑ီမိသားစု ဥပမာကဲ့သို႔ပင္
မွတ္ယူသင့္ၾကေပသည္။ မေကာင္းမႈျပဳမည့္သူမ်ားႏွင့္
ေကာင္းမႈျပဳမည့္သူမ်ား ယွဥ္လာလွ်င္ ေကာင္းမႈျပဳၾကမည့္ သူမ်ားကို
စြမ္းႏိုင္ရာက ကူညီေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေပးၾကျခင္းသည္ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းတို႔၏
ဝတၱရားတစ္ရပ္ပင္ျဖစ္သင့္ေလသည္။ <br />
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>အသက္ကို ကာကြယ္ၾကရမည္</strong></span><br />
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မိမိတို႔၏
အသက္ေသြးတို႔ကို ကာကြယ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ၾကရန္မွာ သတၱဝါတိုင္း၏
တာဝန္ပင္ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ထိုသို႔မကာကြယ္ႏိုင္ခဲ့သည့္အတြက္ ကမၻာေျမေပၚမွ
ကြယ္ေပ်ာက္ခဲ့ရေသာ သတၱဝါမ်ိဳးစိတ္မ်ားထဲတြင္ လူသားမ်ိဳးႏြယ္တို႔
မပါဝင္သင့္ေကာင္းေခ်။ ႏိုင္ရာစားေလာကႀကီးတြင္ ကိုယ့္အသက္ေသြးကို
တည္ခင္းေပးႏိုင္သည္ေလာက္သည္အထိ စြမ္းရည္ႀကီးမားလွ်င္ ထိုေမတၱာမ်ိဳးကို
ေမတၱာစစ္ဟု မေခၚဆိုႏိုင္စရာ အေၾကာင္းမရွိေတာ့။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ထိုမွ်ေလာက္အထိ
မစြမ္းႏိုင္ေသးေစကာမူ မိမိကိုယ္ကို ကာကြယ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္သည္မွတစ္ပါး
မိမိကိုလာေရာက္ တိုက္ခိုက္သူတို႔၏ အသက္အႏၱရာယ္ကို
ခြင့္လႊတ္ေပးႏိုင္စြမ္းေလာက္ေသာ စြမ္းအားမ်ိဳးကိုလည္း ေမတၱာစစ္ဟုပင္
ေခၚဆိုႏိုင္ၾကမည္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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တစ္ေၾကာင္းမွာလည္း
ကိုယ့္ေသြးသားကို ေပးႏိုင္ျခင္းသည္ ဒါနအရာသာျဖစ္၍ တဖက္သားအေပၚ
ခ်မ္းသာေစလိုျခင္းသည္ ေမတၱာအရာျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ဒါနအရာႏွင့္ ေမတၱာအရာတို႔သည္
တစ္ခုကိုတစ္ခု အမွီျပဳေနၾကသည္ မွန္ေသာ္လည္း သူ႔သေဘာလကၡဏာႏွင့္သူ
တစ္သီးတစ္ျခားစီ ရွိၾကေသာ တရားတို႔ ျဖစ္ၾကသည္ကို သတိျပဳၾကရေပမည္။ ရံခါ
အလွဴခံပုဂၢိဳလ္အေပၚ ေမတၱာမထားႏိုင္ေသာ္လည္း
ဒါနမႈျပဳၾကေသာအရာမ်ိဳးရွိသကဲ့သို႔ အတိုင္းအတာအရ ဒါနမႈပင္မျပဳႏိုင္ေစကာမူ
ေမတၱာထားႏိုင္ၾကေသာ အရာမ်ိဳးလည္းမ်ားစြာပင္ရွိေလသည္။<br />
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စင္စစ္တြင္
ေမတၱာဟူသည္ ဘာဝနာစာရင္းဝင္ တရားမ်ိဳးသာျဖစ္၍ ဒါန စေသာအျခားအကူအညီပင္
မရွိေစကာမူ ေမတၱာပြါးပို႔မည့္ အာရံုအျပဳခံ သက္ရွိသတၱဝါ တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္ကို
အာရံုျပဳ၍ ထိုသတၱဝါ ေဘးရန္ကင္းပါေစ၊ ကိုယ္ဆင္းရဲကင္းပါေစ၊
စိတ္ဆင္းရဲကင္းပါေစ စသည္ျဖင့္ မိမိ၏စိတ္၌ ပြါးပို႔ေနရံုမွ်ျဖင့္ပင္
ေမတၱာလုပ္ငန္းေအာင္ျမင္ျပီ ဟု ေခၚဆိုသတ္မွတ္ႏိုင္ေလသည္။<br />
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<span class="fbUnderline"><strong>လူ႔ကပ္ပါးမ်ားရန္မွ ကာကြယ္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္</strong></span><br />
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ယေန႔ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သည္
လူ႔ကပ္ပါးမ်ား၏ အႏၱရာယ္ႏွင့္ ရင္ဆိုင္ႀကံဳေတြ႕ေနရသည္ ။ ျခင္ထူထပ္ေပါမ်ား၍
ငွက္ဖ်ားျဖစ္ပြါးမႈႏႈန္းျမင့္မားေသာ အရပ္ကို ငွက္ဖ်ားဇံုဟု သတ္မွတ္သကဲ့သို႔
သတ္မွတ္ရည္ညႊန္းရလွ်င္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသည္လည္း လူ႕ကပ္ပါးမ်ား
အထူးေသာင္းက်န္းရာ လူ႔ကပ္ပါး အႏၱရာယ္ဇံုႀကီးတစ္ခုအေနသို႔
ဆိုက္ေရာက္လ်က္ရွိေလသည္။ ျခင္သည္ လူ၏ အေသြးအသားကို စုပ္ၿမိဳ၍
ငွက္ဖ်ားေရာဂါကိုျပန္႔ႏွံ႕ေစနိုင္သကဲ့သို႔၊ လူ႔ကပ္ပါးမ်ားသည္လည္း
ျမန္မာတိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ား၏ သားပ်ိဳ သမီးပ်ိဳ အေသြးအသားမ်ားကို စုပ္ၿမိဳ၍
မိစၦာဝါဒေရာဂါဆိုးကို ျပန္႔ႏွံ႕ေစနိုင္စြမ္းရွိေလသည္။ ဦးေႏွာက္ထဲကို
ငွက္ဖ်ားေရာဂါပိုး ဝင္ေရာက္ျခင္း ခံရလွ်င္ ကေယာင္ကတမ္း
ရူးႏွမ္းကာေသၾကရသကဲ့သို႔၊ လူ႔ကပ္ပါးတို႔၏ မိစၦာဝါဒဆိုးမ်ား
ဖိစီးလႊမ္းမိုးျခင္း ခံရသူမ်ားသည္လည္း အယူေကာင္းေဖာက္ျပန္၍
ကမၻာ့ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းမႈကို ရန္ျပဳမည့္ အရူးအႏွမ္းမ်ားအျဖစ္ကို
ေရာက္ရွိပ်က္ျပားၾကရသည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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ျခင္အႏၱရာယ္ကို
ျခင္ေထာင္၊ ျခင္ဇကာ၊ ျခင္ေဆးေခြမ်ားျဖင့္ ကာကြယ္ၾကရသကဲ့သို႔၊ လူ႔ကပ္ပါးမ်ား
အႏၱရာယ္ကိုလည္း အသိပညာ၊ ဥပေဒ၊ စသည္တို႔ျဖင့္ ကာကြယ္ၾကရေပသည္။
မိမိေသြးသားကို စုပ္ၿမိဳရန္လာေသာျခင္ကို မရိုက္သတ္ပဲ ေမာင္းထုတ္ရံုမွ်ျဖင့္
ပါဏာတိပါတကံကို က်ဴးလြန္ရာေရာက္သည္ မဟုတ္။ သူ႔အာဟာရကို
ျဖတ္ေတာက္ရာေရာက္သျဖင့္ အကုသိုလ္အမႈကို က်ဴးလြန္ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္ဟုလည္း
မယူဆထိုက္။ စင္စစ္ ရဟန္းေတာ္မ်ားအတြက္ သကၤန္းကိုခြင့္ျပဳေတာ္မူခဲ့ရင္း
ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္မ်ားစြာထဲတြင္ ကိုယ္အဂၤါကိုလံုၿခံဳေစရန္အျပင္၊ ျခင္, မွက္ စေသာ
အႏၱရာယ္မွ ကာကြယ္ရန္ဟူေသာ အခ်က္လည္း ပါဝင္ေနသည္ကို ျမင္မိေအာင္
ၾကည့္ၾကရမည္သာ။<br />
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ဤမွ်ဆိုလွ်င္ လူ႔ကပ္ပါးမ်ားႏွင့္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္
အဆက္အဆံမျပဳျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အကုသိုလ္လံုးဝ မျဖစ္နိုင္ေၾကာင္း
မွတ္ယူႏိုင္ၾကေလာက္ေပၿပီ။ ျခင္ေဆးကို သံုးသူတိုင္း ျခင္ကိုေသေစလို၍
သံုးသည္ကားမဟုတ္၊ မိမိေနရာအခန္းမွ ထြက္ေျပးရံုမွ် သံုးသူမ်ားအဖို႔
ပါဏာတိပါတကံအျပစ္သို႔ မည္သို႔မွ်မေရာက္ႏိုင္ေလ။ ထိုနည္းတူစြာ
လူ႔ကပ္ပါးမ်ားအႏၱရယ္မွ ကာကြယ္ရန္အတြက္ ျပ႒ာန္းသင့္သည့္
ဥပေဒမ်ားျပ႒ာန္းျခင္း၊ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ အဆက္အဆံ ျဖတ္ေတာက္ျခင္းမ်ားကို
ျပဳရံုမွ်ျဖင့္လည္း ပါဏာတိပါတကံသို႔ မည္သို႔မွ် မေရာက္နိုင္ေလ။<br />
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စင္စစ္
ဤသို႔ကာကြယ္ျခင္းသည္ ထိုျခင္ေကာင္၊ လူ႔ကပ္ပါးေကာင္မ်ားအေပၚ
ေမတၱာေခါင္းပါး၍မဟုတ္၊ ကုသိုလ္အမႈ၌ ေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္ကာ ကုသိုလ္အမႈကို
ျပဳမည့္သူမ်ားကို အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္ အတြက္ မွ်သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ မွန္၏၊
တရားဓမၼကိုေလးစားေသာ ရိပ္သာၾကီး မ်ားတြင္ ျခင္ဇကာမ်ား ၊ ျခင္ေထာင္မ်ား၊
ျခင္ေဆးေခြမ်ားကို ေတြ႔ရျခင္းသည္ ျခင္ေကာင္မ်ားအေပၚ ေမတၱာေခါင္းပါး၍
မဟုတ္၊ တရားအလုပ္ကို အားထုတ္ေနၾကသည့္ ေယာဂီမ်ားကို
ကာကြယ္ေပးရန္မွ်သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ထိုသို႔ျပဳမူျခင္းေၾကာင့္လည္း
ေမတၱာေခါင္းပါးသူဟု မဆိုထိုက္ေလ။<br />
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ကုသိုလ္အမႈ၌မေမြ႔ေလ်ာ္၊
အကုသိုလ္အမႈ၌သာ ေမြ႕ေလ်ာ္ေသာ လူ႔ကပ္ပါးေကာင္မ်ား၏ အႏၱရာယ္ကို
ကာကြယ္ျခင္းသည္လည္း ထိုသူမ်ားအေပၚ ေမတၱာေခါင္းပါး၍မဟုတ္၊ တန္ဖိုးႀကီးလွသည့္
လူ႔ဘဝတြင္ တစ္ရက္တစ္မနက္ပင္ ေနရေနရ၊ ေအးေအးခ်မ္းခ်မ္း
ကုသိုလ္ျပဳခြင့္ရခ်င္သည့္ အဖိုးတန္လူ႔ေလာကကို ကာကြယ္ေပးရန္မွ်သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။
နိဂံုးခ်ဳပ္ဆိုရပါလွ်င္ မေကာင္းမႈျပဳမည့္ သူမ်ားႏွင့္
ေကာင္းမႈျပဳမည့္ သူမ်ား ယွဥ္လာလွ်င္ ေကာင္းမႈျပဳၾကမည့္သူမ်ားကို
စြမ္းႏိုင္ရာက ကူညီေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေပးၾကျခင္းသည္ သူေတာ္ေကာင္းတို႔၏
ဝတၱရားတစ္ရပ္ပင္ျဖစ္သင့္ေလသည္။<br />
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“သူေတာ္ေကာင္းဓာတ္၊ တရားျမတ္၊ လႊမ္းပတ္ကမၻာ တည္ပါေစ..”<br />
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ)</div>
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အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-60341140872305007522013-02-06T16:32:00.002-08:002013-02-06T19:25:55.419-08:00အပယ္ခံႏိႈးစက္<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
</h3>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif9O8kP1FzY1v1WoQJF6SPIe9hTt78TmraqdOfSxjgAHQl3On7lXVDbBaifF_jDaq7iEOPqM2eideVDHNdjSDaBg-veY0TDOgK4_fJcLbX81_w-WEDBAhVyLF_kh5WkRe6UDd_WQ4hUe4I/s1600-h/clock.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif9O8kP1FzY1v1WoQJF6SPIe9hTt78TmraqdOfSxjgAHQl3On7lXVDbBaifF_jDaq7iEOPqM2eideVDHNdjSDaBg-veY0TDOgK4_fJcLbX81_w-WEDBAhVyLF_kh5WkRe6UDd_WQ4hUe4I/s200/clock.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="150" /></a><br />
တစ္ေနကုန္ပင္ ၊ အလုပ္ခြင္၌<br />
ပင္ပင္ပန္းပန္း လုပ္ခဲ့သည္ ။<br />
<br />
စားဝတ္ေနေရး ၊ လူမႈေရးႏွင့္<br />
အေရးေထြျပား သြားခဲ့သည္ ။<br />
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သြားဆဲလာဆဲ ၊ ပန္ပန္းဆဲ၌<br />
ဝဋ္ဆင္းရဲဟု ရႈမိသည္ ။<br />
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သည္ဝဋ္ဆင္းရဲ ၊ ကုန္ေအာင္ႏႊဲဖို႔<br />
စိတ္ထဲေတးမွတ္ ထားလိုက္သည္ ။<br />
<br />
ေလးနာရီတြင္ ၊ ႏႈိးစက္တင္၍<br />
ကုတင္ေပၚ၌ ေလ်ာင္းခဲ့သည္ ။<br />
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ႏိႈးစက္ျမည္သံ--<br />
နားတြင္လွ်ံေသာ္----<br />
"ေအာ္"ဟုေယာင္ရမ္း ၊ ဆိုျမည္တမ္း၍<br />
ခပ္ၾကမ္းၾကမ္းေလး ပိတ္လိုက္သည္ ။<br />
မ်က္ဝန္းျပန္၍ မွိတ္လိုက္သည္ ။<br />
<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ) အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1602759843542697109.post-76867954849370036252013-02-05T07:32:00.001-08:002013-02-05T07:32:21.607-08:00ငါ့အတြက္ ငါဇာတ္ေဆာင္၊ သူ႔အတြက္ ငါဇာတ္ပို႔<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span>မိဘဆရာသမားမ်ား၏ ေက်းဇူးေၾကာင့္ ငါးရာ့ငါးဆယ္ဇာတ္ေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္
ငယ္စဥ္ကပင္ ရင္းႏွီးခြင့္ရခဲ့သည္။ "ဇာတ္ေပါင္းေသာ္ ….. သည္ ယခုအခါ (…
ဘယ္သူ…) ျဖစ္လာ၏။ ….. သည္ ယခုအခါ (… ဘယ္သူ…) ျဖစ္လာ၏။ (…..) သည္ကား
ငါဘုရားျဖစ္လာ၏" ဟူေသာ ဇာတ္ေပါင္းခန္းသည္ ဇာတ္ေတာ္တိုင္း၏
အထြဋ္အထိပ္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဇာတ္ေတာ္မ်ားကိုဖတ္ရင္း ဘယ္သူကေတာ့ျဖင့္ ဘယ္ဇာတ္ေတာ္မွာ
ဘုရားေလာင္းရဲ႕ မိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းအျဖစ္ ပါဝင္ခဲ့တာကိုး၊ ဘယ္သူေတြကေတာ့ျဖင့္
ဘုရားေလာင္းကို ဒုကၡမ်ိဳးစံုေပးၿပီး အားျဖည့္ေပးခဲ့တာကိုး၊
ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္ကလည္း ေတာ္လိုက္တာ ၊ ေကာင္းေကာင္းဆိုးဆိုး
ေလာကဓံမ်ိဳးစံုၾကားထဲက ပါရမီတရားျမတ္ေတြကို မရအရ
ျဖည့္ဆည္း ယူနိုင္တာခဲ့တာကိုး စသျဖင့္ သေဘာက်ခဲ့ရပါသည္။<br />
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ထိုမွေနာက္
ဓမၼပဒဝတၳဳမ်ား၊ ဓမၼာစရိယ ဦးေ႒းလိႈင္၏ “ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ပဋိပတ္သာသနာဝင္
ရဟႏၱာႏွင့္ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ထူးမ်ား”၊ “သီဟိုဠ္ေခတ္ စံေတာ္ဝင္ အရိယာမ်ား” စသည့္
စာအုပ္ေကာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ရင္းႏွီးခြင့္ ရခဲ့ျပန္ပါသည္။ ထိုစာအုပ္မ်ားတြင္
လာရွိသည့္ ထိုထိုအရွင္ျမတ္ႀကီးတို႔၏ ဘဝခရီးလမ္းတေလွ်ာက္ ႀကံဳေတြ႔ခဲ့ၾကရသည့္
ပုဂၢိဳလ္အသီးသီး၊ ပါဝင္ပတ္သက္ခဲ့ၾကပံု အေထြေထြတို႔ကိုၾကည့္ရင္း
ဇာတ္ေဆာင္ႏွင့္ ဇာတ္ပို႔တို႔၏ သဘာဝကို ပို၍ရိပ္မိလာသလို ျဖစ္ခဲ့ရသည္။
သံသရာခရီးသြားမ်ား အခ်င္းခ်င္း တစ္ဦးႏွင့္ တစ္ဦး အျပန္အလွန္
သက္ေရာက္မႈမ်ားရွိေၾကာင္း ရိပ္မိလာခဲ့ရသည္။ လူတိုင္းသည္ တစ္ခ်ိန္တည္းတြင္
မိမိတို႔အတြက္ ဇာတ္ေဆာင္မ်ား ျဖစ္ေနသကဲ့သို႔ အျခားသူမ်ားအတြက္မူ
ဇာတ္ပို႔အျဖစ္ပါဝင္ ပတ္သက္ေနေၾကာင္း သိရွိခြင့္ ရခဲ့သည္။<br />
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ဥပမာအားျဖင့္
ရွင္သာရိပုတၱရာမေထရ္ျမတ္အေၾကာင္းကို ဖတ္ရႈလွ်င္ အရွင္သာရိပုတၱရာ
မေထရ္ျမတ္ကို ဇာတ္ေဆာင္အျဖစ္ ေတြ႔ျမင္ရမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ အရွင္ေမာဂၢလာန္၊
သိဥၥည္းဆရာၾကီး၊ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ စသူတို႔ကို ဇာတ္ပို႔အေနျဖင့္
ေတြ႕ျမင္ၾကရမည္ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ထို႔အတူ အရွင္မဟာေမာဂၢလာန္ မေထရ္ျမတ္အေၾကာင္းကို
ဖတ္ရႈလွ်င္လည္း အရွင္မဟာေမာဂၢလာန္မေထရ္ျမတ္ကို ဇာတ္ေဆာင္အေနျဖင့္
ေတြ႔ျမင္ရမည္ျဖစ္သကဲ့သို႔ အရွင္သာရိပုတၱရာ စေသာ သူမ်ားကို
ဇာတ္ပို႔အေနျဖင့္သာ ေတြ႔ၾကရမည္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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လူတစ္ဦး၏ဘဝတြင္
အခ်ိန္ကာလ၊ ေနရာေဒသ၊ ဇာတ္ရုပ္ပံုစံအၾကမ္း-အေခ်ာ တို႔ကို လိုက္၍
ဇာတ္ပို႔သူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ရွိနိုင္ေပသည္။ ဘဝဇာတ္လမ္းအစမွသည္ အဆံုးတိုင္ေအာင္
ပါဝင္သူ၊ ဇာတ္လမ္းအစမွသည္ ဇာတ္လမ္းအလယ္ေလာက္အထိ ပါဝင္သူ၊
ဇာတ္လမ္းအလယ္ေလာက္မွ စတင္ကာ အဆံုးထိေအာင္ ပါဝင္သူ၊
ဇာတ္လမ္းအစမွ်ေလာက္တြင္သာ ပါဝင္သူ၊ ဇာတ္လမ္းဆံုးခါနီးမွသာ ပါဝင္လာသူ
စသည္ျဖင့္ ဇာတ္ပို႔သူေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ရွိနိုင္သည္။ အခ်ိဳ႕မွာမူ
ဇာတ္လမ္းတစ္ေနရာ၌ ပါဝင္ခဲ့ၾကၿပီး ကာလတစ္ခုအထိ (သို႔မဟုတ္) ဘဝတစ္ဆစ္ခ်ိဳးအထိ
တိမ္ျမဳပ္သြားတတ္ၾကၿပီးလွ်င္ တစ္ခ်ိန္ခ်ိန္တြင္ ျပန္လည္ေပၚလာတတ္ၾက
သည္မ်ိဳးလည္း ရွိတတ္ၾကေလသည္။<br />
<br />
ေနရာေဒသအားျဖင့္လည္း
ဇာတိရပ္ရြာတြင္ ႀကံဳဆံုရသူ၊ တျပည္တရြာတြင္ ႀကံဳဆံုရသူ ၊
ေက်ာင္းတြင္ႀကံဳဆံုရသူ၊ အလုပ္ခြင္တြင္ ႀကံဳဆံုရသူ၊ ပန္းၿခံတြင္ ႀကံဳဆံုရသူ၊
စစ္ေျမျပင္တြင္ ႀကံဳဆံုရသူ စသျဖင့္ အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးအစားစားရွိနိုင္ေလသည္။<br />
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စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာ
ေကာင္းသည္မွာ ဇာတ္ပို႔သူမ်ားသည္ အခ်ိန္ကာလ၊ ေနရာေဒသႏွင့္ ဇာတ္ေဆာင္၏ဘဝ
အတက္-အက်ကိုလိုက္၍ ဇာတ္ရုပ္ပံုစံ အၾကမ္း-အေခ်ာအဖံုဖံုအားျဖင့္
ဇာတ္ပို႔ေပးၾကျခင္းပင္ျဖစ္ေပသည္။ အခ်ိဳ႕သည္ မိသားစုပံုစံအားျဖင့္၊
အခ်ိဳ႕သည္ မိတ္ေဆြေကာင္းပံုစံအေနအားျဖင့္၊ အခ်ိဳ႕သည္ကား
အစမွအဆံုးတိုင္ေအာင္ ဇာတ္ရုပ္ပံုစံအၾကမ္း (villain) အားျဖင့္၊
ပံ့ပိုးေပးတတ္ၾကေလသည္။ ထိုတြင္ ပို၍ စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာေကာင္းသည္မွာ အခ်ိဳ႕သည္
အစပိုင္းတြင္ ခ်စ္သူခင္သူ မိတ္ေဆြေကာင္း အေနအားျဖင့္ ပံ့ပိုးခဲ့ၾကေသာ္လည္း
ဇာတ္လယ္ေလာက္တြင္ ဗီလိန္ပံုစံသို႔ ေျပာင္းသြားၾကျခင္းမ်ိဳး၊ အစတြင္
ဗီလိန္ပံုစံ ရွိခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ မိတ္ေဆြေကာင္း
ပံုစံသို႔ေျပာင္းသြားၾကျခင္းမ်ိဳးပင္ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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ထို႔ထက္ပို၍
စိတ္ဝင္စားစရာေကာင္းသည္မွာ မိမိ၏ဘဝဇာတ္လမ္းတြင္ တစ္ခန္းတစ္က႑ေလာက္သာ
ပါဝင္လာၾကေသာ္လည္း မိမိ၏ဘဝ အတက္ (သို႕မဟုတ္) အက်အတြက္
အားႀကီးစြာ ပံ့ပိုးတတ္ၾက သူမ်ားပင္ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ထိုသူမ်ိဳးတို႔
ပါဝင္လာၾကပံုမ်ားမွာ မ်က္လွည့္ဆန္ဆန္ ရွိတတ္ေပသည္။ ဘယ္ကေန ဘယ္သူ႔
အဆက္အသြယ္ျဖင့္ ဘယ္လိုပါဝင္လာမွန္း ေရေရရာရာ မသိရေအာင္ပင္ ရွိတတ္ေလသည္။
သို႔ရာတြင္ သူတို႔ပါဝင္ပတ္သက္မႈ တစ္ခုတစ္ေလေၾကာင့္ပင္ ဘဝအတြက္ ႀကီးစြာေသာ
အေျပာင္းအလဲႀကီးမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္ေပၚတတ္ေလသည္။ စင္စစ္ ဤေနရာတြင္ စာေရးသူအေနျဖင့္
မိမိ၏ဘဝအတက္အက်အတြက္ ထိုသို႔အားႀကီးစြာ ပါဝင္ပတ္သက္ခဲ့ၾကသူမ်ား၏
အေကာင္း-အဆိုး ပံုစံႏွစ္မ်ိဳးျဖင့္ ပံ့ပိုးေပးခဲ့ၾကပံုမ်ားကို
ေရးသားျပခ်င္လွပါသည္။ ထိုသို႔ေရးသား တင္ျပရလွ်င္ စာရႈသူမ်ားအတြက္
ပို၍နားရွင္းဖြယ္ရာရွိမည္ဟုလည္း ထင္ပါသည္။ သို႔ရာတြင္ ထိုသူမ်ား၏
ဂုဏ္သိကၡာ၊ ပုဂၢလိကစံႏႈန္းအခ်ိဳ႕ကို ေလးစားေသာ အားျဖင့္ ေလာေလာဆယ္တြင္
မေရးသားသာေသးပါ။ မည္သို႔ဆိုေစ ထိုသူမ်ိဳးတို႔ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ခံစားခဲ့ရသည့္
ခံစားမႈအခ်ိဳ႕ကိုေတာ့ ဓမၼဓိ႒ာန္သေဘာ ေဖာ္ျပရပါလိမ့္ဦးမည္။<br />
<br />
စာေရးသူ၏ဘဝတြင္
စာေရးသူလက္လွမ္းမမွီနိုင္ေလာက္သည့္ အရာကို လက္လွမ္းမီေစရန္
ပင့္တင္ေပးခဲ့သူမ်ား ေပၚေပါက္လာ ခဲ့ဖူးသည္။ ထိုသူမ်ိဳးတို႔တြင္ အခ်ိဳ႕သည္
စာေရးသူ အေပၚ ေစတနာေကာင္းထားခဲ့သည္ဟု ထင္ရေသာ္လည္း စင္စစ္ စာေရးသူအေပၚ
ပံ့ပိုးခဲ့ၾကျခင္းသည္ သူတို႔အတြက္ ရင္းႏွီးျမွဳပ္ႏွံမႈတစ္ခုထက္
ပိုခဲ့ၾကသည္မဟုတ္ေပ။ စင္စစ္၊ ထိုသူမ်ားသည္ အစပိုင္းတြင္ မိတ္ေဆြေကာင္း
အသြင္ ေဆာင္ခဲ့ၾကေသာ္လည္း ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ ဗီလိန္အသြင္သို႔ေျပာင္းကာ
စာေရးသူ၏ဘဝဇာတ္လမ္းအတြင္း တစ္ခန္းတစ္က႑ ပါဝင္ပံ့ပိုးခဲ့ၾက
သူမ်ားသာျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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ေနာက္တစ္မ်ိဳးႀကံဳခဲ့ရသည္ကား
တကယ့္ေစတနာရိုးရိုးျဖင့္ ပံ့ပိုးခဲ့ၾကသူမ်ားပင္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
ထိုသူမ်ိဳးမ်ားႏွင့္ ႀကံဳရသည္မွာလည္း အံ့ၾသဖြယ္ရာ ေကာင္းလြန္းလွသည္။
မထင္မွတ္သည့္အခ်ိန္၊ မထင္မွတ္သည့္ေနရာတြင္ ထိုသူတို႔ႏွင့္ဆံုဆည္းခဲ့ရသည္။
မိုးေပၚကက်လာသည့္အလား ခုမွေတြ႔၍ ခုမွဆံုခဲ့ၾကေစကာမူ
မိမိအေပၚေစတနာရိုးရိုးျဖင့္ ပံ့ပိုးခဲ့ၾကသူမ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ ထိုသူတို႔၏
အပံ့အပိုးကို မရခဲ့လွ်င္ လက္ရွိတြင္ မိမိသည္ ယခုအေနမ်ိဳး
ရွိေနလိမ့္မည္မဟုတ္သည္မွာ ေသခ်ာသည္။ မိမိဖက္ကလည္း ထိုသူတို႔အေပၚ
အင္မတန္ေက်းဇူးတင္ကာ ရိုးရိုးသားသားပင္ မိမိစြမ္းနိုင္ရာ အသိပညာ
အပံ့အပိုးမ်ားေပးခဲ့သည္။ သို႔ေသာ္ အေၾကာင္းေၾကာင္းေသာ (ၾကားထဲက
အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးေသာေသြးထိုးမႈ မ်ားလည္း ပါနိုင္သည္) အေၾကာင္းေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္
ကာလတိုအတြင္းမွာပင္ ထိုသူမ်ားႏွင့္ အဆက္အသြယ္ ျပတ္ေတာက္သြားခဲ့ရသည္။<br />
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အစပိုင္းတြင္
ထိုသူမ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ငါ့အေပၚ နားလည္မႈလြဲရက္ေလျခင္းဟု ထိထိခိုက္ခိုက္
ခံစားခဲ့ရေသာ္လည္း “သူတို႔သည္ ငါ့ဘဝဇာတ္လမ္းမွာ ပါဝင္ရန္အခြင့္ တန္သေလာက္
ပါဝင္ခဲ့ၾကၿပီ၊ ယခု ငါ့ဘဝဇာတ္လမ္းတြင္ ပါဝင္ရန္ သူတို႔အခြင့္
သူတို႔အပိုင္းက႑ကုန္ၿပီ” ဟု နားလည္လာခဲ့သည္မွေနာက္
သူတို႔၏ပံ့ပိုးခဲ့မႈမ်ားကို စဥ္းစားမိတိုင္း ေက်းဇူးတင္
ဝမ္းေျမာက္မိသည္မွလြဲ၍ “ငါ့အေပၚ နားလည္မႈ လြဲရက္ေလျခင္း”ဟု ထိထိခိုက္ခိုက္
ခံစားခဲ့ရမႈမ်ိဳး လံုးဝခ်ဳပ္ၿငိမ္း သြားခဲ့ရေလသည္။ စင္စစ္ ဤသို႔
ဘဝသံသရာခရီးလမ္းတြင္ “ငါ့အတြက္ ငါဇာတ္ေဆာင္၊ သူ႔အတြက္ ငါဇာတ္ပို႔ (တနည္း)
သူ႕အတြက္ သူဇာတ္ေဆာင္၊ ငါ့အတြက္ သူဇာတ္ပို႔” အေနျဖင့္သြားေနၾကျခင္းသည္
ပ႒ာန္းတရားေတာ္အလိုအရ “ပုဂၢေလာပိ ဥပနိႆယ ပစၥေယန ပစၥေယာ”
သေဘာမွ်သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ထိုသေဘာကို နစ္နစ္ေနာေနာ စဥ္းစားဖို႔ေကာင္းသည္၊
ဆင္ျခင္သက္ဝင္ဖို႔ေကာင္းေလသည္။<br />
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လူတိုင္း၏ဘဝတြင္
မိတ္ေဆြေနရာမွ ဇာတ္ပို႔မည့္သူမ်ားရွိၾကသကဲ့သို႔ ဗီလိန္ေနရာမွ
ဇာတ္ပို႔မည့္သူမ်ားလည္း ရွိၾကသည္သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။ တက္လမ္းသို႔
တြန္းတင္ေပးမည့္သူမ်ားႏွင့္ ႀကံဳရႏိုင္သကဲ့သို႔ အက်ဘက္သို႔ တြန္းခ်မည့္
သူမ်ားႏွင့္လည္း ႀကံဳၾကရမည္သာျဖစ္ေလသည္။ မိမိအေပၚ အလြန္တရာ
မလိုမုန္းထားခဲ့သူမ်ားသည္ မိမိ၏ အရွက္၊ အသက္၊ ဂုဏ္သိကၡာကို
ကာကြယ္ေပးသူမ်ားအျဖစ္ ေျပာင္းလဲသြားႏိုင္သကဲ့သို႔၊ မိဘအရင္း၊ ဆရာအရင္း၊
ဇနီးခင္ပြန္း ခ်စ္ကၽြမ္းဝင္ၾကသူ အခ်င္းခ်င္းသည္ပင္ ဗီလိန္ဘဝသို႔
ေရာက္မွန္းမသိ ေရာက္သြားၾကသည္မ်ိဳးလည္း ရွိနိုင္ေလသည္။ ကံဆံုက တြဲၾကရသည္၊
ကံကုန္ကလည္း ကြဲၾကရသည္။ ကံမဆံုခင္ မႀကံဳၾကရေသာ္လည္း ကံဆံုလာေသာအခါ
ေကာင္းသည္ဆိုးသည္မေရြးသာပဲ ႀကံဳစရာရွိသမွ်နဲ႔ ႀကံဳၾကရၿမဲသာျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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စင္စစ္
မိတ္ေကာင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ဆံုရျခင္း၊ မိတ္ဆိုးမ်ားႏွင့္ႀကံဳရျခင္းမွန္သမွ်
ေလာကဓမ္ သေဘာမွ် ခ်ည္းသာျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ေလာကမွ မထြက္ေျမာက္ေသးသူတို႔အတြက္
ေလာကဓမ္ႏွင့္ကင္းသူ ဟူ၍ကား တစ္သူမွ်မရွိ။ စင္စစ္ ေကာင္းေကာင္းဆိုးဆိုး
ေလာကဓမ္မ်ိဳး မွန္သမွ်တို႔သည္ ႏွလံုးသြင္း မမွန္သူတို႔အတြက္ နစ္ျမဳပ္ဖို႔
ခ်ည္းသာ ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း၊ ႏွလံုးသြင္းမွန္ကန္ သူတို႔အတြက္မူ
လြတ္ေျမာက္ဖို႔ ခ်ည္းသာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ ဤသေဘာကို ဇာတ္ေတာ္မ်ားကို
ဖတ္ရႈျခင္းမွလည္း ရရွိနိုင္သည္၊ အတၳဳပၸတၱိ စာအုပ္အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကို
ဖတ္ရႈျခင္းမွလည္း ရရွိနိုင္သည္။ ရရွိလာေသာ ထိုသေဘာသဘာဝမ်ားကို မိမိဘဝတြင္
ႀကံဳဆံုခဲ့ရသည့္ ဇာတ္ပို႔အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးတို႔၏ ပံ့ပိုးမႈအဖံုဖံုတို႔ႏွင့္
ယွဥ္ထိုးၾကည့္ႏိုင္ၾကေပလိမ့္မည္။<br />
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ထိုသို႔ယွဥ္ထိုးၾကည့္နိုင္လာေလေလ
ကိုယ့္ဘဝအတြက္ သူပါဝင္ခဲ့ဟန္၊ သူ႔ဘဝအတြက္ ကိုယ္ပါဝင္ခဲ့ရဟန္၊
ဇာတ္ေဆာင္ႏွင့္ ဇာတ္ပို႔တို႔၏ အျဖစ္မွန္သေဘာကို သေဘာတရားအတိုင္း
ရႈႏိႈင္းခ်ိန္ဆ ကြက္ကြက္ကြင္းကြင္း ျမင္လာၾကမည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။ သူ႔အတြက္
ကိုယ့္က႑ ကုန္သြားၿပီမွန္းကို သိလွ်င္ သူ႔အေပၚေစတနာရွိပါသည္ဟု
သူ႔အေပၚအတင္းတြယ္ကာ သူ႔အတြက္ ေဝဖန္စရာ၊ ႏွေျမာစရာ၊ ဝမ္းနည္းစရာလည္း
မလိုေတာ့ၿပီ။ ကိုယ့္အတြက္ သူ႕က႑ကုန္သြားၿပီမွန္းကိုသိလွ်င္ သူမရွိေတာ့၍
အားငယ္စရာ၊ စိတ္ဓာတ္က်စရာ၊ ဝမ္းနည္းစရာလည္း မလိုေတာ့ၿပီ။<br />
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ကိုယ္မွလြဲ၍
မိဘအပါအဝင္ အျခားသူမွန္သမွ် ကိုယ့္အတြက္ ဇာတ္ပို႔အဆင့္မွ်သာရွိေၾကာင္း၊
မည္သူ႔အတြက္မဆို ကိုယ္သည္လည္း ဇာတ္ပို႔အဆင့္မွ်သာရွိေၾကာင္း သေဘာေပါက္
နားလည္ လာေလေလ ႀကံဳခဲ့ ဆံုခဲ့ ကြဲခဲ့ ကြာခဲ့၊ ႀကံဳဆဲ ဆံုဆဲ ကြဲဆဲ
ကြာဆဲမ်ားအတြက္ ယခင္ေလာက္ ခံစားခ်က္ မျပင္းထန္၊ ေသာက ေဒါသ ေလာဘဒဏ္မ်ားကို
ေလွ်ာ့ခ်ႏိုင္လာေလေလ သာ ျဖစ္ၿပီး ေလာကဓမ္ မွန္သမွ်ကို ယခင္ထက္
သက္ေတာင့္သက္သာ ရင္ဆိုင္လာနိုင္ၾကမည္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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စင္စစ္ ဤသေဘာကို
သိေအာင္ႀကိဳးစားၾကျခင္းကို သူ႕ေက်းဇူးကို ေခ်ဖ်က္လိုေသာ မေကာင္းေသာ
စိတ္ထားျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္ထိုက္ၾကသည္ကားမဟုတ္။ သူ႕က႑၊ ကိုယ့္က႑ကို ကြဲျပားေအာင္
ခြဲျခားသိျမင္ၿပီး ကိုယ္စြမ္းကိုယ္စကို ယံုၾကည္ကာ မိမိသာလွ်င္
မိမိဘဝ၏ဇာတ္ေဆာင္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ကိုယ့္ကိုကိုယ္ ထိန္းေက်ာင္းဖို႔
အထူးလိုအပ္ေၾကာင္း ေကာင္းစြာသေဘာေပါက္ နားလည္ၾကရန္သာ ျဖစ္ေလသည္။<br />
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ဤစာစုကို
ဖတ္ရႈမိသူ တစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္ ဇာတ္ေဆာင္ႏွင့္ ဇာတ္ပို႔၊
ဇာတ္ပို႔ႏွင့္ဇာတ္ေဆာင္ သေဘာသဘာဝကို အတန္ငယ္ရိပ္မိ၍ စိတ္ဖိစီးမႈအခ်ိဳ႕
အတိုင္းအတာတစ္ခုအထိ သက္သာခြင့္ရခဲ့မည္ဆိုလွ်င္ ဤစာစုကိုေရးသား၍
ဇာတ္ပို႔ခဲ့ရက်ိဳးရွိေပၿပီ။<br />
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အတၱာ ဟိ အတၱေနာ နာေထာ၊ ေကာ ဟိ နာေထာ ပေရာ သိယာ။<br />
အတၱနာ ဟိ သုဒေႏၲန၊ နာထံ လဘတိ ဒုလႅဘံ။<br />
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မိမိသည္သာ
မိမိ၏ကိုးစားရာျဖစ္၏၊ သူတစ္ပါးသည္ မိမိ၏ကိုးစားရာ
အဘယ္မွာျဖစ္ႏုိင္ အံ့နည္း၊ ေကာင္းစြာဆံုးမအပ္ၿပီးေသာ မိမိသည္သာ ရႏုိင္ခဲေသာ
အားကိုးစရာ-အရဟတၱဖိုလ္ကို ရႏုိင္၏။<br />
{ဓမၼပဒပါဠိေတာ္၊ အတၱဝဂ္}<br />
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ေမတၱာျဖင့္<br />
အရွင္ဝိသာရဒ (ရမၼာဝတီ) {Note (100) ျပည့္ အမွတ္တရ..}</span></div>
အရွင္၀ိသာရဒ(ရမၼာ၀တီ)http://www.blogger.com/profile/15914196576596454210noreply@blogger.com0